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This is the first book to analyze how the technology to alter
images and rapidly distribute them can be used for propaganda and
to support deception operations.
In the past, propagandists and those seeking to conduct
deception operations used crude methods to alter images of real
people, events and objects, which could usually be detected
relatively easily. Today, however, computers allow propagandists to
create any imaginable image, still or moving, with appropriate
accompanying audio. Furthermore, it is becoming extremely difficult
to detect that an image has been manipulated, and the Internet,
television and global media make it possible to disseminate altered
images around the world almost instantaneously. Given that the
United States is the sole superpower, few, if any, adversaries will
attempt to fight the US military conventionally on the battlefield.
Therefore, adversaries will use propaganda and deception,
especially altered images, in an attempt to level the battlefield
or to win a war against the United States without even having to
fight militarily.
Propaganda and Information Warfare in the 21st Century will be
of great interest to students of information war, propaganda,
public diplomacy and security studies in general.
This is the first book to analyze how the technology to alter
images and rapidly distribute them can be used for propaganda and
to support deception operations. In the past, propagandists and
those seeking to conduct deception operations used crude methods to
alter images of real people, events and objects, which could
usually be detected relatively easily. Today, however, computers
allow propagandists to create any imaginable image, still or
moving, with appropriate accompanying audio. Furthermore, it is
becoming extremely difficult to detect that an image has been
manipulated, and the Internet, television and global media make it
possible to disseminate altered images around the world almost
instantaneously. Given that the United States is the sole
superpower, few, if any, adversaries will attempt to fight the US
military conventionally on the battlefield. Therefore, adversaries
will use propaganda and deception, especially altered images, in an
attempt to level the battlefield or to win a war against the United
States without even having to fight militarily. Propaganda and
Information Warfare in the 21st Century will be of great interest
to students of information war, propaganda, public diplomacy and
security studies in general.
Does history provide lessons for foreign policy makers today?
Macdonald combines cognitive psychology theories about analogical
reasoning, international relations theories about military
intervention, and original archival research to analyze the role of
historical information in foreign policy decision making. He looks
at the role of historical analogies in Anglo-American decision
making during foreign policy crises involving the possible use of
force in regional contingencies during a crucial period in the
1950s when the West faced an emerging Soviet threat. This study
analyzes the influence of situational and individual variables in a
comparison of more than ten leaders from two nations facing four
different crises. Rolling the Iron Dice describes the often
significant effect of historical analogies on perceptions of the
adversary and of allies, time constraints, policy options and
risks, as well as the justification of policy in four crises: the
1950 Korean invasion; the 1951-53 Iranian oil nationalization
incident; the 1956 Suez crisis; and the 1958 crisis in Lebanon and
Jordan. Contrary to both the slippery slope and the escalation
models of military intervention, Macdonald argues that leaders
decide extremely early in a crisis, often on the basis of an
historical analogy, but also based on perceptions of the
rationality of an adversary, whether to use military force. Their
decision does not change unless the adversary capitulates to every
demand.
Anthony "Mouse" Maas is caught in the Baby Boomer Crunch with three
free-spending daughters and financially strapped parents. A
hard-working commodity broker in Los Angeles, Mouse is in a slump
and his firm, for which he has made so much money, is about to fire
him. Then his mother dies. At her funeral he meets his high school
sweetheart, Sharon Calloway. She reawakens in him an old dream to
become an artist. Desperate for money to pay off his debts, support
his family, and have a chance to pursue his dream and, maybe, run
away with Sharon, Mouse devises a scheme to bilk his ungrateful
bosses of enough money to solve all his problems.
What would you risk to achieve your dream? Would you risk your
career? Your life? Your child's life? While researching Alzheimer's
disease, Los Angeles neurosurgeon Julie Stein discovers the key to
her long-frustrated dream of becoming a novelist: a combination of
drugs that allows her to write as well as Shakespeare.
Unfortunately, the drugs' side effects may kill her. The high
school football team is about to cut Julie's son, Pete, who dreams
of playing linebacker in the NFL. Knowing the costs, he secretly
starts taking anabolic steroids. Julie soon faces an awful choice:
abandon her dream or risk both their lives?
Since February, 1962, a series of articles has appeared in Naval
Aviation News under the title "Evolution of Aircraft Carriers."
They measure up as an authentic, earnest attempt to chronicle a
history of carriers since the mobile airfield idea was initially
conceived. Here, under these covers, are the entire contents of
those articles. This does not comprise a complete history of
carriers - that history is still being written in seas around the
world. This collection, based on information gathered from many
office sources, provides an interesting account of how and why the
carrier developed as it did. It is the story behind the perhaps
better known tale of carrier operations. It is the story of change
- change dictated by operational necessity and by technological
progress. It is also the story of how naval constructors took full
advantage of technological progress, and the lessons learned of
operational experience to solve the Navy's unique problem of taking
aviation to sea. As a result of their efforts and the constant
improvement of tactics necessary to weld seas and air power
together, the aircraft carrier stands today at the forefront of
Naval power, ready and able to defend the nation and to project
national interests to all parts of the world.
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