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Since 1978, the opening up and reform in China has brought
tremendous economic and social changes. While China's economic
progress has been commendable, the social problems that go with
economic changes have raised serious concerns. Some of those
concerns are related to gender, ethnic, labor, and environmental
issues. This book is about what has happened in these arenas in
China since the opening up and reform in 1978. The study of gender,
ethnicity, labor, and environment touches on some of the
fundamental problems of modernization, especially the development
of individuals and groups. So even though gender, ethnicity, labor,
and environment seem to be separate issues, they are in fact
related in some fundamental ways. That's what this book will
explore as well. To understand is one thing and to do is another.
This book also incorporates studies of NGO practices to see how
NGOs have helped in transforming gender, ethnic, labor, and
environment interplay. Our study of NGOs in helping improve such
interplay sheds light on how specifically civil society can prod
the state to transform social relations for the better. This book
is an attempt to assess the changes, both positive and negative, in
gender, ethnic, ethnic, and environmental relations in China
especially in the past 30 years of opening up and reform,
especially regarding national identity formation.
China, which is fast on its way to becoming the most powerful
economic force in the world, has four unique characteristics that
distinguish it from other countries in Asia: (1) The proportion of
aging population is growing faster than that of Japan (the country
previously recognized as having the fastest rate) and much faster
than nations in western Europe. (2) An early arrival of an aging
population before modernization has fully taken place, with social
policy implications. It is certain that China will face a severely
aged population before it has sufficient time and resources to
establish an adequate social security and service system for older
people. (3) There will be fluctuations in the total dependency
ratio. The Chinese government estimates are that the country will
reach a higher dependent burden earlier in the twenty-first century
than was previously forecast. (4) The government s fertility policy
(single child per family) and its implementation has a strong
influence on the aging process. Fewer children are being born, but
with more elderly people a conflict arises between the objectives
to limit population increase and yet maintain a balanced age
structure (Peng and Guo 2001). The intersection of these fourfold
factors means that the increased aging population is giving rise to
serious concerns among Chinese social policy makers. There is a
chronic lack of good resource materials that attempt to make sense
of social policy in its relationship to examining the problems and
possibilities of human aging grounded in an analysis of economic of
social policy in China and impact on rural and urban spaces. Such
analysis of China will be covered by conceptual, theoretical, and
empirical approaches. The book will also discuss substantive topics
of housing, community care, family care, pensions, and mental
health. The book brings together a truly world class array of
researchers to provide discussions of critical implications of
aging social policy and the economic impact in China."
Since 1978, the opening up and reform in China has brought
tremendous economic and social changes. While China's economic
progress has been commendable, the social problems that go with
economic changes have raised serious concerns. Some of those
concerns are related to gender, ethnic, labor, and environmental
issues. This book is about what has happened in these arenas in
China since the opening up and reform in 1978. The study of gender,
ethnicity, labor, and environment touches on some of the
fundamental problems of modernization, especially the development
of individuals and groups. So even though gender, ethnicity, labor,
and environment seem to be separate issues, they are in fact
related in some fundamental ways. That's what this book will
explore as well. To understand is one thing and to do is another.
This book also incorporates studies of NGO practices to see how
NGOs have helped in transforming gender, ethnic, labor, and
environment interplay. Our study of NGOs in helping improve such
interplay sheds light on how specifically civil society can prod
the state to transform social relations for the better. This book
is an attempt to assess the changes, both positive and negative, in
gender, ethnic, ethnic, and environmental relations in China
especially in the past 30 years of opening up and reform,
especially regarding national identity formation.
China, which is fast on its way to becoming the most powerful
economic force in the world, has four unique characteristics that
distinguish it from other countries in Asia: (1) The proportion of
aging population is growing faster than that of Japan (the country
previously recognized as having the fastest rate) and much faster
than nations in western Europe. (2) An early arrival of an aging
population before modernization has fully taken place, with social
policy implications. It is certain that China will face a severely
aged population before it has sufficient time and resources to
establish an adequate social security and service system for older
people. (3) There will be fluctuations in the total dependency
ratio. The Chinese government estimates are that the country will
reach a higher dependent burden earlier in the twenty-first century
than was previously forecast. (4) The government's fertility policy
(single child per family) and its implementation has a strong
influence on the aging process. Fewer children are being born, but
with more elderly people a conflict arises between the objectives
to limit population increase and yet maintain a balanced age
structure (Peng and Guo 2001). The intersection of these fourfold
factors means that the increased aging population is giving rise to
serious concerns among Chinese social policy makers. There is a
chronic lack of good resource materials that attempt to make sense
of social policy in its relationship to examining the problems and
possibilities of human aging grounded in an analysis of economic of
social policy in China and impact on rural and urban spaces. Such
analysis of China will be covered by conceptual, theoretical, and
empirical approaches. The book will also discuss substantive topics
of housing, community care, family care, pensions, and mental
health. The book brings together a truly world class array of
researchers to provide discussions of critical implications of
aging social policy and the economic impact in China.
The discipline of social policy, oftentimes deemed a part of social
work as a profession, was born in the West. Unlike social policy
that started with the post-war idea of a welfare state in the
mid-20th century, social work traces its roots to individual
casework pioneered by the Charity Organization Society (COS), early
social administration including state-wide poverty relief (an
advocacy effort of the COS but with deep roots in the English Poor
Laws of the 17th century), and social action emphasizing political
activities to improve social conditions (originating from the
Settlement House Movement which began in the 1880s). The
development of social work is historically intertwined with that of
public welfare, philanthropy, and charity and is an inherently
international subject. This conception is broader than
“international social work” as a discrete field of professional
practice, which crosses geopolitical borders and all levels of
social and economic organizations with a focus on development.
However, each nation has a story of its own in terms of
professionalization of social work in the evolution of public
welfare and philanthropic/charitable undertaking within its
particular economic, political, social, and cultural settings. A
wide-ranging and in-depth study of various (especially non-Western)
country cases is essential to an adequate, comprehensive
understanding of the social work profession, which is also a basic
requirement of its value of diversity. China is undoubtedly an
important case with the largest population on earth. It’s also
unique in view of so-called Chinese characteristics which are
sometimes fundamentally different from other (particularly Western)
societies. It’s even intriguing given the country’s lengthy,
complex history and its recent, rapid rise to a global superpower
with a claim of national goals and core values that seem to be
rather considerable to social work as a helping profession.
Therefore, any significant lessons learned from the Chinese
experiences would help with a better international understanding
and further advancement of social work and public welfare at a
global scale.
This perceptive volume presents conceptual, theoretical, and
empirical approaches to social policy analysis comparing China and
Nordic countries in their treatment of the elderly. An
international panel of experts offers valuable policy insights into
issues of housing, community care, family care, pensions and social
security, and mental health as China translates and adapts Western
examples, particularly those set by Norway, Sweden, and Finland.
The book contrasts shared issues in the contexts of economic
history, accountability and service improvements, and
sustainability while also examining specifically Chi nese problems
such as care gaps between urban and rural elders. Coverage also
considers the centrality of aging policy in China as the nation
works toward its long-term goal of eradicating poverty. Included
among the topics: Building a welfare system with Chinese
characteristics: from a residual type to moderate universalism.
"Aging in community": historical and comparative study of aging
welfare and social policy. Sweden: aging welfare and social policy
in the 21st century. Policy responses to aging: care services for
the elderly in Norway. China's elderly care policy and its future
trends. Aging Welfare and Social Policy will interest professionals
and researchers addressing questions of Chinese and comparative
social policy, health psychologists, and sociologists focused on
family, youth, and aging.
The relationship between social support and health has attracted
tremendous research interest during the past few decades. This book
is the newest addition to the literature with an emphasis on the
study of diverse populations from a global perspective. Aiming at
theoretical and methodological advancement, it also makes a
significant contribution by addressing some fundamental issues in
social and behavioural sciences inquiry. The book is written for
everyone who is interested in gaining an international
(particularly East-West) knowledge of the subject, with a masterful
understanding of the general issues involved. It contains detailed
case studies as well as comparative material along with
thought-provoking theoretical and methodological efforts to guide
research. Policy and practice can also benefit from culture- and
population-specific knowledge about the issues and strategies
related to the provision of social support. For students in health
and social-behavioural science fields, the book may serve as a
comprehensive introduction and ongoing guide to research on social
support and health. It should be useful for professors,
researchers, and practitioners in social medicine, public health,
nursing, gerontology, social work/welfare, psychology, social
psychiatry/mental health, sociology, public policy, and
administration-management sciences as a key reference in social
support and health research. Other relevant fields include
international studies, developmental studies, cultural study,
immigration study, women's study, family studies, community
studies, urban studies, comparative social and health research, and
research methods. Many in these fields share an interest in health
promotion and maintenance via informal caregivers, professional
services, and government aid. As more and more colleges and
universities respond to rapid globalisation by developing course
offerings in non-Western experiences or perspectives, this book
offers optional readings that not only cover a major part of the
non-Western world but also offer important understanding in
comparative inquiry.
This book explores the issue of global ageing and its impact on
different nation states across the world. It is in three parts: the
first part sets the scene about the challenges of global ageing;
part two utilises a number of case studies examining how different
nation states manage social issues associated with acing; the final
part explores the impact of global ageing on some of the continents
such as Europe and the Americas. The book is by its very nature
global as it brings researchers from all parts of the world to give
the reader a very rich comparative book.
This book has two main parts, one that examines what the world has
learned so far in dealing with ageing and another which discusses
how such a country as China has kept up with that learning. By
combining general reviews with case studies in a comparative
context, the book illustrates the "state of the art" via a
multidisciplinary approach to understanding Western and non-Western
experiences. The book is a must-have for students and researchers
interested in social, behavioural, and humanistic inquiry as well
as public policy analysis related to ageing with some of the
leading experts that helped to define or redefine the fields.
As nations become increasingly diverse and globalises,
diversity-related issues are posing greater and greater challenges
to business managers, non-profit and government officials, and
academic administrators world-wide. They require fundamental
changes in the way people think and act, or they may end up being
divided rather than united. As a consequence, suffering arises from
misunderstandings, distrust and serious conflicts not necessarily
serving their own interests. This book examines some of the most
important issues related to diversity along with various
disciplinary perspectives that may help to deal with those issues.
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