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Medicinal plants have played an essential role in the development
of human culture, for example religions and different ceremonies.
Medicinal plants are resources of new drugs. It is estimated there
are more than 250, 000 flower plant species. Plants are directly
used as medicines by a majority of cultures around the world, for
example Chinese medicine and Indian medicine. Medicinal herb can be
a real herbal plant, a shrub, other woody plant, or a fungus. The
used part may be the seeds, berries, leaves, barks, roots, fruits,
or other parts of a plants, or mushroom, which may be considered
"herbs" in medicinal or spiritual use. Many of the modern medicines
are produced indirectly from medicinal plants, for example aspirin.
The botanical survey of India has prepared a provisional list of
threatened plants which includes large number wild (or) wild
relatives of food, horticultural, Medicinal and aromatic plants. In
India, Ayurveda (developed in North India), Siddha (developed in
Tamil Nadu) and Nagarjuna (developed in Andhra Pradesh) systems of
medicine were developed. Ayurveda is practiced in SriLanka,
Pakistan and Bangladesh also.
In plant biotechnology, the in-vitro studies are performed by
culturing the plant cell, tissue and organ on an artificially
prepared nutrient medium static or liquid under aseptic conditions.
The effect of some plant growth regulators were studied on seedling
growth and stomatal characters of Brassica campestris L. V.mungo
(L.) Hepper, V.radiate (L.) Wilczek.) through in-vitro studies.
Black gram (Vigna mungo), is an important short duration pulse crop
grown in many parts of India, cultivating both in Kharif and Rabi
season. The optimum temperature for better growth of these crops
ranges between 25 to 350C, but it can tolerate up to 420C which
permit to cultivate during summer and winter season. Mungbean crop
(Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek) is considered as one of the new crop in
Egypt, it is important legume crop characterized by a relative high
content of protein. The application of novel tissue culture and
genetic engineering technology could offer efficient and stable
plant regeneration. Brassica are still considered as an important
source of green vegetable in the developing countries and the
potential for market diversification of some new crop types.
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rampant in
human and animals; it has been classified as reemerging disease as
it is being reported with increasing frequency in human
particularly from developing countries. Early diagnosis of the
disease by using sensitive, specific, rapid & cost effective
diagnostic procedure is of utmost importance for effective control.
Although several modern methods like BACTEC, ATP Bioluminescent,
Biological Oxygen uptake assay, MGIT, r-RNA viability etc. are
available for clinical use. These techniques are rapid, radioactive
(BACTEC), sensitive, specified but require heavy financial
commitment and their high cost limit practical applicability. The
present study was undertaken to evaluate the Alamar Blue assay
which is a simple & less costly technique as a diagnostic tool
for tuberculosis. Increasing reports of tuberculosis in man and
animals suggest development of multi-drug resistance in M.
tuberculosis. Therefore, use of antibiotics on the basis of
in-vitro drug sensitivity testing seems rational and justified.
The transmission electron microscope, commonly referred to as a
TEM, is more powerful than the traditional light microscope.
Transmission electron microscopes allow the user to see the fine
details of the specimens which are normally not seen in microscopes
of a lower power. The invention of the transmission electron
microscope (TEM) enabled scientists to view living material in a
way that was previously impossible. Bacteria and other living
matter could now be examined on the cellular level through their
magnetic structures, allowing scientists to view formation of DNA
chains and crystalline structures to determine if certain cells are
forming properly or are "misaligned." TEM technology has become a
useful diagnostic tool for disease and infection, allowing doctors
to identify healthy tissue from damaged areas, and allowing
pharmaceutical companies to develop affective treatments to defeat
disease-causing bacteria.
Education is a basic human right that increases the economic,
social and political opportunities available to men and women.
After independence the Indian Government has expressed a strong
commitment towards education for all. It is too obvious that Uttar
Pradesh (State) is a truly diverse state representing diversity not
only in geographical locations but in socio-cultural aspects too.
It is a micro-study of a KGBV (Katuraba Gandhi Balika Vidhyalaya)
to get more realistic picture. Eastern U.P. has its own historical,
political, economic and social-cultural characteristics and has
more cultural barriers for girls education. Thus a KGBV located in
district Ballia is selected. Hence it is pertinent to enquire that
what the contributions are of this scheme in providing academic
support to disadvantaged girls in terms of teaching-learning
atmosphere and what are the levels of achievement of girls studying
in KGBVs? Besides these after the National Evaluation 2007 new
revised guidelines for the implementation of KGBVs are laid down by
the Government of India.The study focus on the availability and
quality of physical
Malaria is infectious vector borne parasitic and Plasmodium carried
by the vector mosquitoes, which belong to genus Anopheles. The
first anti-malarial developed later is chloroquine, primaquine,
proquanil, pyrimethamine, metloquine etc. The aim of this study is
to test the in-vitro antiplasmodial effect of extract and different
fractions of Datura innoxia (leaves) and Diospyros melanoxylan
(bark). D.innoxia (leaves) and D.melanoxylon. (barks), are
collected from the lower forest of uttarakhand which is identified
by the local people.The anti-malarial activity of the extract was
discernible as number of parasite in mature schizont form in the
total of 200 parasites. The crude extract (both water and ethanol)
of D. innoxia and D. melanoxylon tested in-vitro had show
antimalarial activity. The result of this preliminary study is very
much encouraging. Natural products are important source of
biologically active compounds and have potential for the
development of novel antimalarial drugs. The eradication of the
disease has been hampered by the emergence and spread of multi drug
resistant malarial parasites, especially P.falciparum strains
resistant to many antimalarial drugs."
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