Medicinal plants have played an essential role in the development of human culture, for example religions and different ceremonies. Medicinal plants are resources of new drugs. It is estimated there are more than 250, 000 flower plant species. Plants are directly used as medicines by a majority of cultures around the world, for example Chinese medicine and Indian medicine. Medicinal herb can be a real herbal plant, a shrub, other woody plant, or a fungus. The used part may be the seeds, berries, leaves, barks, roots, fruits, or other parts of a plants, or mushroom, which may be considered "herbs" in medicinal or spiritual use. Many of the modern medicines are produced indirectly from medicinal plants, for example aspirin. The botanical survey of India has prepared a provisional list of threatened plants which includes large number wild (or) wild relatives of food, horticultural, Medicinal and aromatic plants. In India, Ayurveda (developed in North India), Siddha (developed in Tamil Nadu) and Nagarjuna (developed in Andhra Pradesh) systems of medicine were developed. Ayurveda is practiced in SriLanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh also.

Malaria is infectious vector borne parasitic and Plasmodium carried by the vector mosquitoes, which belong to genus Anopheles. The first anti-malarial developed later is chloroquine, primaquine, proquanil, pyrimethamine, metloquine etc. The aim of this study is to test the in-vitro antiplasmodial effect of extract and different fractions of Datura innoxia (leaves) and Diospyros melanoxylan (bark). D.innoxia (leaves) and D.melanoxylon. (barks), are collected from the lower forest of uttarakhand which is identified by the local people.The anti-malarial activity of the extract was discernible as number of parasite in mature schizont form in the total of 200 parasites. The crude extract (both water and ethanol) of D. innoxia and D. melanoxylon tested in-vitro had show antimalarial activity. The result of this preliminary study is very much encouraging. Natural products are important source of biologically active compounds and have potential for the development of novel antimalarial drugs. The eradication of the disease has been hampered by the emergence and spread of multi drug resistant malarial parasites, especially P.falciparum strains resistant to many antimalarial drugs."

In plant biotechnology, the in-vitro studies are performed by culturing the plant cell, tissue and organ on an artificially prepared nutrient medium static or liquid under aseptic conditions. The effect of some plant growth regulators were studied on seedling growth and stomatal characters of Brassica campestris L. V.mungo (L.) Hepper, V.radiate (L.) Wilczek.) through in-vitro studies. Black gram (Vigna mungo), is an important short duration pulse crop grown in many parts of India, cultivating both in Kharif and Rabi season. The optimum temperature for better growth of these crops ranges between 25 to 350C, but it can tolerate up to 420C which permit to cultivate during summer and winter season. Mungbean crop (Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek) is considered as one of the new crop in Egypt, it is important legume crop characterized by a relative high content of protein. The application of novel tissue culture and genetic engineering technology could offer efficient and stable plant regeneration. Brassica are still considered as an important source of green vegetable in the developing countries and the potential for market diversification of some new crop types.

The transmission electron microscope, commonly referred to as a TEM, is more powerful than the traditional light microscope. Transmission electron microscopes allow the user to see the fine details of the specimens which are normally not seen in microscopes of a lower power. The invention of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) enabled scientists to view living material in a way that was previously impossible. Bacteria and other living matter could now be examined on the cellular level through their magnetic structures, allowing scientists to view formation of DNA chains and crystalline structures to determine if certain cells are forming properly or are "misaligned." TEM technology has become a useful diagnostic tool for disease and infection, allowing doctors to identify healthy tissue from damaged areas, and allowing pharmaceutical companies to develop affective treatments to defeat disease-causing bacteria.

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rampant in human and animals; it has been classified as reemerging disease as it is being reported with increasing frequency in human particularly from developing countries. Early diagnosis of the disease by using sensitive, specific, rapid & cost effective diagnostic procedure is of utmost importance for effective control. Although several modern methods like BACTEC, ATP Bioluminescent, Biological Oxygen uptake assay, MGIT, r-RNA viability etc. are available for clinical use. These techniques are rapid, radioactive (BACTEC), sensitive, specified but require heavy financial commitment and their high cost limit practical applicability. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the Alamar Blue assay which is a simple & less costly technique as a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis. Increasing reports of tuberculosis in man and animals suggest development of multi-drug resistance in M. tuberculosis. Therefore, use of antibiotics on the basis of in-vitro drug sensitivity testing seems rational and justified.

Education is a basic human right that increases the economic, social and political opportunities available to men and women. After independence the Indian Government has expressed a strong commitment towards education for all. It is too obvious that Uttar Pradesh (State) is a truly diverse state representing diversity not only in geographical locations but in socio-cultural aspects too. It is a micro-study of a KGBV (Katuraba Gandhi Balika Vidhyalaya) to get more realistic picture. Eastern U.P. has its own historical, political, economic and social-cultural characteristics and has more cultural barriers for girls education. Thus a KGBV located in district Ballia is selected. Hence it is pertinent to enquire that what the contributions are of this scheme in providing academic support to disadvantaged girls in terms of teaching-learning atmosphere and what are the levels of achievement of girls studying in KGBVs? Besides these after the National Evaluation 2007 new revised guidelines for the implementation of KGBVs are laid down by the Government of India.The study focus on the availability and quality of physical