Cleaner production is defined as the continuous application of an integrated preventive strategy for environmental protection in the developmental processes applied to products and services in industries & business organizations to increase overall efficiency and reduce risks to humans (consumers and industrial workers) and the environment from the hazardous chemicals and materials used in the production process. Cleaner production requires applying know-how, improving technology and changing attitudes. Since 1950, there has been a tremendous increase in the production of diverse chemicals to satisfy our demands for consumer goods. According to the UNEP, worldwide nearly 80,000 chemicals are used every day and about 1500 new chemicals are added every year. A green chemistry movement is going on to develop environmentally benign chemicals and chemical processes to be applied in chemical industries and industries depending on chemicals such as paper, plastic, textile, dyeing, printing, photography, agriculture, and electronics. Clean air, water and food are the basis of life on earth. Combustion of fossil fuels in industries, for power generation and in automobiles is the major source (90-95 %) of chemical air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. Promotion of solar, wind, and hydrogen fuel technology will completely eliminate them. Chemically grown foods by agrochemicals are badly affecting human health. Some 25 million farmers are poisoned by pesticides, and some 10 to 20 thousand die every year from this. US scientists predict up to 20,000 Americans may die of cancer every year, due to low levels of residual pesticides in chemically grown foods. Hence, producing chemical-free foods by organic farming using biofertilizers and biopesticides is the only hope for civilization. Earthworms (Charles Darwins friends of farmers) & its vermicompost (produced from Organic wastes) promote high crop growth and also protect from pests and diseases. Earthworms can also clean (detoxify and disinfect) polluted lands and wastewater. Potable water is a vanishing resource on Earth. Since 1950, global water use has more than tripled. Out of total water available on Earth, 97.5 % is saline. Nearly 2 % is frozen in polar icecaps & mountains. Only less than 1 % of groundwater and surface water is usable as potable water. Desalination technology to clean seawater into drinkable water is the only hope for civilization. Eco-efficiency in use of raw materials, water and energy resources is also important because the natural resources of Earth are finite, and their demand is getting infinite with an increasing population and growing consumerism all over world. Eco-efficiency will also reduce waste and pollution, and GHG emissions with economic gains for the industries. UNEP has pioneered the promotion of cleaner production philosophy. It called for all national governments for a long-term action plan to incorporate environmental concerns and problems, focusing on cleaner production into their educational curricula, especially in engineering and business management courses. Additionally, it called for the incorporation of developmental policies enacted for industries and business organizations. A joint Indo-Australian bilateral meeting on a clean development mechanism was organized in New Delhi in 2001.

Applications Transition metal complexes of acylhydrazones and related N, O donor Schiff bases and their metal complexes have attracted considerable attention during recent years because of their applications in several bio-chemical, industrial and analytical processes. Some of the applications of these compounds are mentioned below: As biological probes As optical devices As catalyst Mesogenic behavior As sensing material As DNA cleaving agents Super oxide dismutase-mimic activity In analytical processes Other uses The hydrazones have been used as plasticizers and stabilizers for polymers Kuhn et al. (2001), Gupta et al. (2007)], polymerization initiators and antioxidants etc. Hydrazone compounds have the ability to control the release of volatile aldehydes and ketones Levrand et al. (2006)]. The phenyl derivative Schiff bases have been used as corrosion inhibitors for aluminium in hydrochloric solution Unaleroglu et al. (2001)]. It is apparent from the above applications that the selected field of transition metal complexes of N, O donor ligands is very useful and multi-dimensional. Each new ligand/ new complex or new study gives a new direction to the area of research.

In this book, different empirical methods were compared with the objectives for quantifying total water loss through evapotranspiration by chickpea crop in mollisol of Uttarakhand. Evapotranspiration of chickpea was measured with weighing type lysimeter. Data on pan evaporation measured with USWB class A pan evaporimeter and chickpea parameters for the corresponding period were collected from Meteorological observatory. Evapotranspiration from chickpea was also estimated by using mathematical methods of Thornthwaite, Turc, Stephens-Stewar, Jensen-Haise, Blaney-Criddle and modified Penman. Higher growing degree days 1810.4 was observed during 2005-06. Evapotranspiration of chickpea during 2005-06 and 2006-07 were about 416.5 and 475.6 mm, respectively. As the pan evaporation did not give accurate estimate of ET, both on seasonal and as well as weekly basis. Thus, the pan evaporation does not seem to be good criterion for the estimation of ET. Modified Penman method was found to be most very suitable for estimation of ET in tarai region of Uttarakhand.

This book is an attempt to examine comprehensively the various themes in the four major plays of Arthur Miller. Miller successfully explores human themes that limit and control a man's response to a particular situation. Miller is very relevant to the present day social economic and political set up, for he has been writing about matters and attitudes which have become central in our thinking, behavior and society. The thought content of is plays concern us deeply and present very impressive study of the basic and variegated aspects of human life.

The classic paradigm "think globally and act locally" is discovering a new relevance in the context of social development, as it provides a useful perspective on addressing the needs of nations as complex and diverse as India. In order to understand a country's motivation for change and social action, it is first necessary to understand the history of the people and their way of life. Social Work and Social Development: Perspectives from India and the United States compares India and the United States' approaches to social work and social development. The book highlights the similarities between the two countries, especially the cultural pluralism, democratic political structures, and social welfare policy commitments that make possible an inclusionary exchange of knowledge in the fields of social work and social development. The contributors to this book include both US and Indian experts in sociology, theology, women's studies, and social work. They examine both micro and macro issues ranging from religious pluralism, population migration, and criminal justice to child welfare, health care, and mental health policies. This unique approach integrates these multiple perspectives and provides a faceted picture of social structures and change in both countries. The goals of this book are to move finally beyond the ethnocentric mantra of applying "developed" solutions to "developing" problems and redefine the parameters for understanding people and problems in international social work. It is a unique and valuable resource for course work in social work, social development, international studies, and Asian studies. The framework presented in this book can be used as a model for further comparisons, so that we truly can begin thinking globally while acting locally not just in India, but in the United States and the rest of the world.