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Providing critical insight into the globalization of product
conception, production, marketing and distribution, this Handbook
comprehensively explores the functioning of global value chains
(GVCs) and how they shape the global economy. It provides
theoretical, analytical and empirically based policy-relevant tools
to understand international production and trade in the modern
global economy. Written by a multidisciplinary group of leading
scholars, this Handbook offers expert guidance on GVC analysis and
the relationship between GVCs and governance, power relations,
gender, upgrading and international development. The contributors
also provide insight into strategy, innovation and learning,
highlighting the dynamism and resilience of GVCs, and critically
reflect on how GVCs affect inequality and the nature of work and
production. Comprising empirically rich and innovative research,
this Handbook will be critical reading for advanced undergraduate
and master's level students interested in international business,
global industries, sustainable development and the governance of
global production systems. Academics researching and teaching in
these fields will also benefit from this book's broad and
comprehensive approach to GVC analysis.
Providing critical insight into the globalization of product
conception, production, marketing and distribution, this Handbook
comprehensively explores the functioning of global value chains
(GVCs) and how they shape the global economy. It provides
theoretical, analytical and empirically based policy-relevant tools
to understand international production and trade in the modern
global economy. Written by a multidisciplinary group of leading
scholars, this Handbook offers expert guidance on GVC analysis and
the relationship between GVCs and governance, power relations,
gender, upgrading and international development. The contributors
also provide insight into strategy, innovation and learning,
highlighting the dynamism and resilience of GVCs, and critically
reflect on how GVCs affect inequality and the nature of work and
production. Comprising empirically rich and innovative research,
this Handbook will be critical reading for advanced undergraduate
and master's level students interested in international business,
global industries, sustainable development and the governance of
global production systems. Academics researching and teaching in
these fields will also benefit from this book's broad and
comprehensive approach to GVC analysis.
Examines the contradictions of liberalisation and the complexity of
farmers' responses to the changing roles of states and markets. The
role of African agriculture in global markets and the role of
agriculture in national economies have changed profoundly since the
1980s. Economic reforms have forced the withdrawal of the state
from agricultural markets. Livelihoods have become increasingly
commercialised. Rural households are restructuring the ways they
manage their economic activities and transforming their social
relations. This book's theoretical and empirical material will
interest policymakers, development practitioners and scholars of
development studies, political economy, economics, political
science, and sociology. Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota
This collection brings together an interdisciplinary group of
scholars exploring how development financing and interventions are
being shaped by a wider and more complex platform of actors than
usually considered in the existing literature. The contributors
also trace a changing set of key relations and alliances in
development - those between business and consumers; NGOs and
celebrities; philanthropic organizations and the state; diaspora
groups and transnational advocacy networks; ruling elites and
productive capitalists; and between 'new donors' and developing
country governments. Despite the diversity of these actors and
alliances, several commonalities arise: they are often based on
hybrid transnationalism and diffuse notions of development
responsibility; rather than being new per se, they are newly being
studied as engaging in practices that are now coming to be
understood as 'development'; and they are limited in their ability
to act as agents of development by their lack of accountability or
pro-poor commitment. The articles in this collection point to
images and representations as increasingly important in development
'branding' and suggest fruitful new ground for critical development
studies. This book was originally published as a special issue of
Third World Quarterly.
Richly detailed and timely study on conservation, development and
sustainability in Tanzania. Provides valuable insights into the
successes and failures of the management and governance of
wildlife, forestry and coastal resources. Responding to the urgent
need to examine the outcome of interventions in governing natural
resources, this book analyses different types of sustainability
partnerships - with donors, governments, business, NGOs and other
actors, and, crucially, assesses which result in better livelihood
and environmental outcomes. The contributors, from a range of
disciplines, compare 'more complex' partnerships to relatively
'simpler', more traditional top-down and centralized management
systems and to location where sustainability partnerships are not
in place. Within-sector comparisons allow a fine-tuned analysis
that is formed of historical, location and resource-specific
issues, which can be used as input for resource-specific policy and
partnership design. Experiences and lessons can be drawn from
comparisons across the three different sectors, which can be
applied to natural resource governance more broadly.
The idea and practice of the 'green economy' is gaining momentum,
coinciding with financial instability and continued economic woe in
the Global North, but generally more positive economic
circumstances in the Global South. 'Green economic initiatives' in
the Global South are multiplying, and include carbon payments,
ecotourism, community-based wildlife management, sustainability
certification initiatives, and offsets by mining companies
exploiting new resources. These initiatives are reallocating
resources, redefining inequalities and redistributing the fortune
and misfortune of participants of the green economy and those
excluded from it. They have also led to resistance - locally,
nationally, and transnationally - and to demands for alternatives
to market-driven instruments and solutions, which are generally
gaining strength and coherence. The articles included in this
volume bring together a multi-disciplinary team of scholars from
North and South to provide nuanced analyses of green economy
experiences in the Global South - analysing the opportunities they
provide, but also the redistributions they entail and the kinds of
resistances they face. The ultimate aim of the collection is to
provide a critical, but balanced, overview of the emerging green
economy in the Global South and point the way to possible
adjustments, alternatives or radical resistance, depending on
different situations. This book was originally published as a
special issue of Third World Quarterly.
The idea and practice of the 'green economy' is gaining momentum,
coinciding with financial instability and continued economic woe in
the Global North, but generally more positive economic
circumstances in the Global South. 'Green economic initiatives' in
the Global South are multiplying, and include carbon payments,
ecotourism, community-based wildlife management, sustainability
certification initiatives, and offsets by mining companies
exploiting new resources. These initiatives are reallocating
resources, redefining inequalities and redistributing the fortune
and misfortune of participants of the green economy and those
excluded from it. They have also led to resistance - locally,
nationally, and transnationally - and to demands for alternatives
to market-driven instruments and solutions, which are generally
gaining strength and coherence. The articles included in this
volume bring together a multi-disciplinary team of scholars from
North and South to provide nuanced analyses of green economy
experiences in the Global South - analysing the opportunities they
provide, but also the redistributions they entail and the kinds of
resistances they face. The ultimate aim of the collection is to
provide a critical, but balanced, overview of the emerging green
economy in the Global South and point the way to possible
adjustments, alternatives or radical resistance, depending on
different situations. This book was originally published as a
special issue of Third World Quarterly.
This collection brings together an interdisciplinary group of
scholars exploring how development financing and interventions are
being shaped by a wider and more complex platform of actors than
usually considered in the existing literature. The contributors
also trace a changing set of key relations and alliances in
development - those between business and consumers; NGOs and
celebrities; philanthropic organizations and the state; diaspora
groups and transnational advocacy networks; ruling elites and
productive capitalists; and between 'new donors' and developing
country governments. Despite the diversity of these actors and
alliances, several commonalities arise: they are often based on
hybrid transnationalism and diffuse notions of development
responsibility; rather than being new per se, they are newly being
studied as engaging in practices that are now coming to be
understood as 'development'; and they are limited in their ability
to act as agents of development by their lack of accountability or
pro-poor commitment. The articles in this collection point to
images and representations as increasingly important in development
'branding' and suggest fruitful new ground for critical development
studies. This book was originally published as a special issue of
Third World Quarterly.
EPUB and EPDF available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence.
Today, production processes have become fragmented with a range of
activities divided among firms and workers across borders. These
global value chains are being strongly promoted by international
organisations, such as the World Bank and the World Trade
Organization, but social and political backlash is mounting in a
growing variety of forms. This ambitious volume brings together
academics and activists from Europe to address the social and
environmental imbalances of global production. Thinking creatively
about how to reform the current economic system, this book will be
essential reading for those interested in building sustainable
alternatives at local, regional and global levels.
The interaction of sustainability governance and global value
chains has crucial implications the world over. When it comes to
sustainability the last decade has witnessed the birth of hybrid
forms of governance where business, civil society and public actors
interact at different levels, leading to a focus on concepts of
legitimacy within multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs). Based in
over 15 years of theoretical engagement and field research,
Business, Power and Sustainability draws from both labour-intensive
value chains, such as in the agro-food sector (coffee, wine, fish,
biofuels, palm oil), and from capital-intensive value chains such
as in shipping and aviation, to discuss how sustainability
governance can be best designed, managed and institutionalized in
today's world of global value chains (GVCs). Examining current
theoretical and analytical efforts aimed at including
sustainability issues in GVC governance theory, it expands on
recent work examining GVC upgrading by introducing the concept of
environmental upgrading; and through new conceptions of
orchestration, it provides suggestions for how governments and
international organizations can best facilitate the achievement of
sustainability goals. Essential reading on the governance of
sustainability in the twenty-first century.
"Has there ever been a better reason to shop?" asks an ad for the
Product RED American Express card, telling members who use the card
that buying "cappuccinos or cashmere" will help to fight AIDS in
Africa. Cofounded in 2006 by the rock star Bono, Product RED has
been a particularly successful example of a new trend in
celebrity-driven international aid and development, one explicitly
linked to commerce, not philanthropy.
In "Brand Aid," Lisa Ann Richey and Stefano Ponte offer a deeply
informed and stinging critique of "compassionate consumption."
Campaigns like Product RED and its precursors, such as Lance
Armstrong's Livestrong and the pink-ribbon project in support of
breast cancer research, advance the expansion of consumption far
more than they meet the needs of the people they ostensibly serve.
At the same time, such campaigns sell both the suffering of
Africans with AIDS (in the case of Product RED) and the power of
the average consumer to ameliorate it through familiar and highly
effective media representations.
Using Product RED as its focal point, this book explores how
corporations like American Express, Armani, Gap, and Hallmark
promote compassionate consumption to improve their ethical profile
and value without significantly altering their business model,
protecting themselves from the threat to their bottom lines posed
by a genuinely engaged consumer activism. Coupled with the
phenomenon of celebrity activism and expertise as embodied by Bono,
Richey and Ponte argue that this "causumerism" represents a deeply
troubling shift in relief efforts, effectively delinking the
relationship between capitalist production and global poverty.
The interaction of sustainability governance and global value
chains has crucial implications the world over. When it comes to
sustainability the last decade has witnessed the birth of hybrid
forms of governance where business, civil society and public actors
interact at different levels, leading to a focus on concepts of
legitimacy within multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs). Based in
over 15 years of theoretical engagement and field research,
Business, Power and Sustainability draws from both labour-intensive
value chains, such as in the agro-food sector (coffee, wine, fish,
biofuels, palm oil), and from capital-intensive value chains such
as in shipping and aviation, to discuss how sustainability
governance can be best designed, managed and institutionalized in
today's world of global value chains (GVCs). Examining current
theoretical and analytical efforts aimed at including
sustainability issues in GVC governance theory, it expands on
recent work examining GVC upgrading by introducing the concept of
environmental upgrading; and through new conceptions of
orchestration, it provides suggestions for how governments and
international organizations can best facilitate the achievement of
sustainability goals. Essential reading on the governance of
sustainability in the twenty-first century.
Can developing countries trade their way out of poverty?
International trade has grown dramatically in the last two decades
in the global economy, and trade is an important source of revenue
in developing countries. Yet, many low-income countries have been
producing and exporting tropical commodities for a long time. They
are still poor. This book is a major analytical contribution to
understanding commodity production and trade, as well as putting
forward policy-relevant suggestions for 'solving' the commodity
problem. Through the study of the global value chain for coffee,
the authors recast the 'development problem' for countries relying
on commodity exports in entirely new ways. They do so by analysing
the so-called coffee paradox - the coexistence of a 'coffee boom'
in consuming countries and of a 'coffee crisis' in producing
countries. New consumption patterns have emerged with the growing
importance of specialty, fair trade and other 'sustainable'
coffees. In consuming countries, coffee has become a fashionable
drink and coffee bar chains have expanded rapidly. At the same
time, international coffee prices have fallen dramatically and
producers receive the lowest prices in decades. This book shows
that the coffee paradox exists because what farmers sell and what
consumers buy are becoming increasingly 'different' coffees. It is
not material quality that contemporary coffee consumers pay for,
but mostly symbolic quality and in-person services. As long as
coffee farmers and their organizations do not control at least
parts of this 'immaterial' production, they will keep receiving low
prices. The Coffee Paradox seeks ways out from this situation by
addressing some key questions: What kinds of quality attributes are
combined in a coffee cup or coffee package? Who is producing these
attributes? How can part of these attributes be produced by
developing country farmers? To what extent are specialty and
sustainable coffees achieving these objectives?
Can developing countries trade their way out of poverty?
International trade has grown dramatically in the last two decades
in the global economy, and trade is an important source of revenue
in developing countries. Yet, many low-income countries have been
producing and exporting tropical commodities for a long time. They
are still poor. This book is a major analytical contribution to
understanding commodity production and trade, as well as putting
forward policy-relevant suggestions for 'solving' the commodity
problem. Through the study of the global value chain for coffee,
the authors recast the 'development problem' for countries relying
on commodity exports in entirely new ways. They do so by analysing
the so-called coffee paradox - the coexistence of a 'coffee boom'
in consuming countries and of a 'coffee crisis' in producing
countries. New consumption patterns have emerged with the growing
importance of specialty, fair trade and other 'sustainable'
coffees. In consuming countries, coffee has become a fashionable
drink and coffee bar chains have expanded rapidly. At the same
time, international coffee prices have fallen dramatically and
producers receive the lowest prices in decades. This book shows
that the coffee paradox exists because what farmers sell and what
consumers buy are becoming increasingly 'different' coffees. It is
not material quality that contemporary coffee consumers pay for,
but mostly symbolic quality and in-person services. As long as
coffee farmers and their organizations do not control at least
parts of this 'immaterial' production, they will keep receiving low
prices. The Coffee Paradox seeks ways out from this situation by
addressing some key questions: What kinds of quality attributes are
combined in a coffee cup or coffee package? Who is producing these
attributes? How can part of these attributes be produced by
developing country farmers? To what extent are specialty and
sustainable coffees achieving these objectives?
The role of Africa in the global economy is changing as a result of
new corporate strategies, changing international trade regulation
and innovative ways of overseeing the globalized production and
distribution of goods. African participants in the global economy
are facing demands for higher levels of performance and quality.
Their responses have generated the occasional success but also many
failures. Noted researchers Peter Gibbon and Stefano Ponte describe
the central processes that are at the same time integrating some
into the global economy while marginalizing others. They show the
effects of these processes on African countries, farms and firms
through an innovative combination of Global Value Chain analysis
and Convention Theory. In doing so, the authors present a timely
overview of the economic challenges that lay ahead in Africa and
point to ways to best address them.
Africa's role in the global economy is evolving as a result of new
corporate strategies, changing trade regulations, and innovative
ways of overseeing the globalized production and distribution of
goods both within Africa and internationally. African participants
in the global economy, now faced with demands for higher levels of
performance and quality, have generated occasional successes but
also many failures. Peter Gibbon and Stefano Ponte describe the
central processes that are integrating some African firms into the
global economy while at the same time marginalizing others. They
show the effects of these processes on African countries, and the
farms and firms within them. The authors use an innovative
combination of global value chain analysisOCowhich links
production, trade, and consumptionOCoand convention theory, an
approach to understanding the conduct of business. In doing so,
Gibbon and Ponte present a timely overview of the economic
challenges that lay ahead in Africa, and point to ways to best
address them."
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