Energy exchange is a major foundation of the dynamics of physical systems, and, hence, in the study of complex multi-domain systems, methodologies that explicitly describe the topology of energy exchanges are instrumental in structuring the modeling and the computation of the system's dynamics and its control.

This book is the outcome of the European Project "Geoplex" (FP5 IST-2001-34166) that studied and extended such system modeling and control methodologies. This unique book starts from the basic concept of port-based modeling, and extends it to port-Hamiltonian systems. This generic paradigm is applied to various physical domains, showing its power and unifying flexibility for real multi-domain systems.

By the dawn of the new millennium, robotics has undergone a major tra- formation in scope and dimensions. This expansion has been brought about bythematurityofthe?eldandtheadvancesinitsrelatedtechnologies.From a largely dominant industrial focus, robotics has been rapidly expanding into the challenges of the human world. The new generation of robots is expected to safely and dependably co-habitat with humans in homes, workplaces, and communities, providingsupportinservices, entertainment, education, heal- care, manufacturing, and assistance. Beyond its impact on physical robots, the body of knowledge robotics has produced is revealing a much wider range of applications reaching across - verse researchareas and scienti?c disciplines, such as: biomechanics, haptics, neurosciences, virtual simulation, animation, surgery, and sensor networks among others. In return, the challenges of the new emerging areas are pr- ing an abundant source of stimulation and insights for the ?eld of robotics. It is indeed at the intersection of disciplines that the most striking advances happen. The goal of the series of Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics (STAR) is to bring, in a timely fashion, the latest advances and developments in robotics on the basis of their signi?cance and quality. It is our hope that the wider dissemination of research developments will stimulate more exchanges and collaborations among the research community and contribute to further advancement of this rapidly growing ?

This monograph deals with energy based control of interactive robotic interfaces. The port-Hamiltonian framework is exploited both for modeling and controlling interactive robotic interfaces. The book provides an energy oriented analysis and control synthesis of interactive robotic interfaces, from a single robot to multi-robot systems for interacting with real and virtual, possibly unstructured, environments.

Energy exchange is a major foundation of the dynamics of physical systems, and, hence, in the study of complex multi-domain systems, methodologies that explicitly describe the topology of energy exchanges are instrumental in structuring the modeling and the computation of the system's dynamics and its control. This book is the outcome of the European Project "Geoplex" (FP5 IST-2001-34166) that studied and extended such system modeling and control methodologies. This unique book starts from the basic concept of port-based modeling, and extends it to port-Hamiltonian systems. This generic paradigm is applied to various physical domains, showing its power and unifying flexibility for real multi-domain systems.

This monograph deals with energy based control of interactive robotic interfaces. The port-Hamiltonian framework is exploited both for modeling and controlling interactive robotic interfaces. The book provides an energy oriented analysis and control synthesis of interactive robotic interfaces, from a single robot to multi-robot systems for interacting with real and virtual, possibly unstructured, environments.

By the dawn of the new millennium, robotics has undergone a major tra- formation in scope and dimensions. This expansion has been brought about bythematurityofthe?eldandtheadvancesinitsrelatedtechnologies.From a largely dominant industrial focus, robotics has been rapidly expanding into the challenges of the human world. The new generation of robots is expected to safely and dependably co-habitat with humans in homes, workplaces, and communities, providingsupportinservices, entertainment, education, heal- care, manufacturing, and assistance. Beyond its impact on physical robots, the body of knowledge robotics has produced is revealing a much wider range of applications reaching across - verse researchareas and scienti?c disciplines, such as: biomechanics, haptics, neurosciences, virtual simulation, animation, surgery, and sensor networks among others. In return, the challenges of the new emerging areas are pr- ing an abundant source of stimulation and insights for the ?eld of robotics. It is indeed at the intersection of disciplines that the most striking advances happen. The goal of the series of Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics (STAR) is to bring, in a timely fashion, the latest advances and developments in robotics on the basis of their signi?cance and quality. It is our hope that the wider dissemination of research developments will stimulate more exchanges and collaborations among the research community and contribute to further advancement of this rapidly growing ?

Robots, and more generally mechanical systems, are types of a physical system. This is why it is important to study and control these systems using information about their particular structure that describes their particular nature.
In discussing physical systems, concepts like energy, interconnection and interaction, become of substantial importance. Furthermore, during the modeling and control tasks, the results we obtain should be independent from artificial co-ordinates that people use to analyse the results of their work. This has lead to the concept of co-ordinate free description and tensors that have been used a lot in the theory of relativity.
Throughout this book emphasis is placed on the intrinsic description of the results reported.
The book describes the modeling and control of robotic systems subject to interaction. It covers everything from basic concepts of differential geometry to real robotics. Physics and the geometric interconnection of arts play a major role throughout the work.

Energy and energy exchange govern interactions in the physical world. By explicitly considering the energy and power in a robotic system, many control and design problems become easier or more insightful than in a purely signal-based view. Energy in Robotics presents a holistic, energy-based view of robotic systems. It examines the relevance of such energy considerations to robotics; starting from the fundamental aspects and proceeding to look at their practical application to robotic systems. Using the theory of Port-Hamiltonian Systems as a fundamental basis, it provides examples pertaining to energy measurement, passivity and safety. Control by interconnection covers the shaping and directing of energy inside controller algorithms, to achieve desired behaviour in a power- consistent manner. This idea of control over the energy flow is extended to the physical domain. In their mathematical description and analysis, the boundary between controller and robot disappears and everything is an interconnected system, driven by energy exchange between its parts.