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The Handbook provides an essential resource at the interface of
Genomics, Health and Society, and forms a crucial research tool for
both new students and established scholars across biomedicine and
social sciences. Building from and extending the first Routledge
Handbook of Genetics and Society, the book offers a comprehensive
introduction to pivotal themes within the field, an overview of the
current state of the art knowledge on genomics, science and
society, and an outline of emerging areas of research. Key themes
addressed include the way genomic based DNA technologies have
become incorporated into diverse arenas of clinical practice and
research whilst also extending beyond the clinic; the role of
genomics in contemporary 'bioeconomies'; how challenges in the
governance of medical genomics can both reconfigure and stabilise
regulatory processes and jurisdictional boundaries; how questions
of diversity and justice are situated across different national and
transnational terrains of genomic research; and how genomics
informs - and is shaped by - developments in fields such as
epigenetics, synthetic biology, stem cell, microbial and animal
model research. Chapter 13 of this book is freely available as a
downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons
Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license.
https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315451695-13
Chapter 28 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open
Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No
Derivatives 3.0 license.
https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315451695-28
Behind the headlines of our time stands an unobtrusive army of
science advisors. Panels of scientific, medical, and engineering
experts evaluate the safety of the food we eat, the drugs we take,
and the cars we drive. But despite the enormous influence of
science advice, its authority is often problematic, and struggles
over expert advice are thus a crucial aspect of contemporary
politics. "Science on Stage" is a theoretically informed and
empirically grounded study of the social process through which the
credibility of expert advice is produced, challenged, and
sustained.
Building on the sociology of Erving Goffman, the author analyzes
science advice as a form of performance, examining how advisory
bodies work to bring authoritative advice to the public stage. From
this perspective, advisory bodies emerge as performers who engage
in impression management: they selectively reveal and conceal
themselves, actively presenting some things to their audiences
while hiding others "backstage."
The book demonstrates that techniques for information
control--including stagecraft, strategic self-presentation, and
unauthorized disclosures or "leaks"--play a fundamental role in
efforts to create and contest expert authority. The author uncovers
this complex assemblage of dramaturgical machinery through a richly
detailed comparative analysis of three controversial reports on
diet and health, including a proposed revision to the Recommended
Daily Allowances, prepared by the National Academy of Sciences--the
most prestigious source of expert advice in the United States
today.
This lively and accessible analysis--which includes its own drama,
complete with Greek chorus--provides not only new insights about
science advice but also a fresh look at the social dimensions of
scientific writing. The theatrical metaphor highlights issues that
more familiar theoretical frameworks often leave waiting in the
wings. In the author's hands, scientific texts emerge not just as
rhetorical constructions or forms of discourse, but also as crucial
parts of systems for controlling the enclosure and disclosure of
information, and thereby for structuring relations between experts
and their audiences.
In the life sciences and beyond, new developments in science and
technology and the creation of new social orders go hand in hand.
In short, science and society are simultaneously and reciprocally
coproduced and changed. Scientific research not only produces new
knowledge and technological systems but also constitutes new forms
of expertise and contributes to the emergence of new modes of
living and new forms of exchange. These dynamic processes are
tightly connected to significant redistributions of wealth and
power, and they sometimes threaten and sometimes enhance democracy.
Understanding these phenomena poses important intellectual and
normative challenges: neither traditional social sciences nor
prevailing modes of democratic governance have fully grappled with
the deep and growing significance of knowledge-making in
twenty-first century politics and markets. Building on new work in
science and technology studies (STS), this book advances the
systematic analysis of the coproduction of knowledge and power in
contemporary societies. Using case studies in the new life
sciences, supplemented with cases on informatics and other topics
such as climate science, this book presents a theoretical framing
of coproduction processes while also providing detailed empirical
analyses and nuanced comparative work. Science and Democracy:
Knowledge as Wealth and Power in the Biosciences and Beyond will be
interesting for students of sociology, science & technology
studies, history of science, genetics, political science, and
public administration.
In the life sciences and beyond, new developments in science and
technology and the creation of new social orders go hand in hand.
In short, science and society are simultaneously and reciprocally
coproduced and changed. Scientific research not only produces new
knowledge and technological systems but also constitutes new forms
of expertise and contributes to the emergence of new modes of
living and new forms of exchange. These dynamic processes are
tightly connected to significant redistributions of wealth and
power, and they sometimes threaten and sometimes enhance democracy.
Understanding these phenomena poses important intellectual and
normative challenges: neither traditional social sciences nor
prevailing modes of democratic governance have fully grappled with
the deep and growing significance of knowledge-making in
twenty-first century politics and markets. Building on new work in
science and technology studies (STS), this book advances the
systematic analysis of the coproduction of knowledge and power in
contemporary societies. Using case studies in the new life
sciences, supplemented with cases on informatics and other topics
such as climate science, this book presents a theoretical framing
of coproduction processes while also providing detailed empirical
analyses and nuanced comparative work. Science and Democracy:
Knowledge as Wealth and Power in the Biosciences and Beyond will be
interesting for students of sociology, science & technology
studies, history of science, genetics, political science, and
public administration.
The Handbook provides an essential resource at the interface of
Genomics, Health and Society, and forms a crucial research tool for
both new students and established scholars across biomedicine and
social sciences. Building from and extending the first Routledge
Handbook of Genetics and Society, the book offers a comprehensive
introduction to pivotal themes within the field, an overview of the
current state of the art knowledge on genomics, science and
society, and an outline of emerging areas of research. Key themes
addressed include the way genomic based DNA technologies have
become incorporated into diverse arenas of clinical practice and
research whilst also extending beyond the clinic; the role of
genomics in contemporary 'bioeconomies'; how challenges in the
governance of medical genomics can both reconfigure and stabilise
regulatory processes and jurisdictional boundaries; how questions
of diversity and justice are situated across different national and
transnational terrains of genomic research; and how genomics
informs - and is shaped by - developments in fields such as
epigenetics, synthetic biology, stem cell, microbial and animal
model research. Chapter 13 of this book is freely available as a
downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons
Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license.
https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315451695-13
Chapter 28 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open
Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No
Derivatives 3.0 license.
https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315451695-28
Behind the headlines of our time stands an unobtrusive army of
science advisors. Panels of scientific, medical, and engineering
experts evaluate the safety of the food we eat, the drugs we take,
and the cars we drive. But despite the enormous influence of
science advice, its authority is often problematic, and struggles
over expert advice are thus a crucial aspect of contemporary
politics. "Science on Stage" is a theoretically informed and
empirically grounded study of the social process through which the
credibility of expert advice is produced, challenged, and
sustained.
Building on the sociology of Erving Goffman, the author analyzes
science advice as a form of performance, examining how advisory
bodies work to bring authoritative advice to the public stage. From
this perspective, advisory bodies emerge as performers who engage
in impression management: they selectively reveal and conceal
themselves, actively presenting some things to their audiences
while hiding others "backstage."
The book demonstrates that techniques for information
control--including stagecraft, strategic self-presentation, and
unauthorized disclosures or "leaks"--play a fundamental role in
efforts to create and contest expert authority. The author uncovers
this complex assemblage of dramaturgical machinery through a richly
detailed comparative analysis of three controversial reports on
diet and health, including a proposed revision to the Recommended
Daily Allowances, prepared by the National Academy of Sciences--the
most prestigious source of expert advice in the United States
today.
This lively and accessible analysis--which includes its own drama,
complete with Greek chorus--provides not only new insights about
science advice but also a fresh look at the social dimensions of
scientific writing. The theatrical metaphor highlights issues that
more familiar theoretical frameworks often leave waiting in the
wings. In the author's hands, scientific texts emerge not just as
rhetorical constructions or forms of discourse, but also as crucial
parts of systems for controlling the enclosure and disclosure of
information, and thereby for structuring relations between experts
and their audiences.
How the regimes governing biological research changed during the
genomics revolution, focusing on the Human Genome Project. The rise
of genomics engendered intense struggle over the control of
knowledge. In Reordering Life, Stephen Hilgartner examines the
"genomics revolution" and develops a novel approach to studying the
dynamics of change in knowledge and control. Hilgartner focuses on
the Human Genome Project (HGP)-the symbolic and scientific
centerpiece of the emerging field-showing how problems of
governance arose in concert with new knowledge and technology.
Using a theoretical framework that analyzes "knowledge control
regimes," Hilgartner investigates change in how control was
secured, contested, allocated, resisted, justified, and reshaped as
biological knowledge was transformed. Beyond illuminating genomics,
Reordering Life sheds new light on broader issues about secrecy and
openness in science, data access and ownership, and the politics of
research communities. Drawing on real-time interviews and
observations made during the HGP, Reordering Life describes the
sociotechnical challenges and contentious issues that the genomics
community faced throughout the project. Hilgartner analyzes how
laboratories control access to data, biomaterials, plans,
preliminary results, and rumors; compares conflicting visions of
how to impose coordinating mechanisms; examines the repeated
destabilization and restabilization of the regimes governing genome
databases; and examines the fierce competition between the publicly
funded HGP and the private company Celera Genomics. The result is
at once a path-breaking study of a self-consciously revolutionary
science, and a provocative analysis of how knowledge and control
are reconfigured during transformative scientific change.
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