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Studying tourist behavior-what tourists do, what their preferences
are, etc.-provides helpful information for designing new tourism
products, for policymaking, and for developing effective tourism
marketing strategies. This informative volume offers a diverse
selection of chapters on research related to the customer behavior
of tourists. With chapters from tourism professionals from around
the world, the volume presents research work, new perspectives, and
case studies of tourist behavior from varied cultural and
geographical backgrounds. The volume addresses relationship
management at different types of tourist destinations, such as spas
and museums; the creation and sustainability of tourism luxury
brands; the continuing growing influence of social media and
digital technology on tourist choices; gauging tourists'
motivation, satisfaction, and return-trip intentions; the role of
tourism activities on destination choice; perspectives and case
studies on heritage tourism, and more. The book also includes a
chapter on how virtual reality, streaming, and livestreaming during
the COVID pandemic affected tourism and goes on to makes
predictions for tourist behavior in the post-COVID-19 era.
Offering a comprehensive view of water-treatment technologies,
Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Remediation explores recent
developments in the use of advanced nanomaterials (ANMs) for water
treatment and remediation. In-depth reaction mechanisms in
water-treatment technologies, including adsorption, catalysis, and
membrane filtration for water purification using ANMs, are
discussed in detail. The book includes an investigation of the
fabrication processes of nanostructured materials and the
fundamental aspects of surfaces at the nanoscale. The book also
covers the removal of water-borne pathogens and microbes through a
photochemical approach. FEATURES Explains various chemical
treatments for the removal and separation of hazardous dyes,
organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals from aqueous
solutions, including adsorption, advanced oxidation process, and
photocatalysis Discusses the rational design of nanoporous
materials with a tunable pore structure and fabrication of
nanomaterials by surface chemistry engineering Covers the role of
nanomaterials-assisted oxidation and reduction processes, design of
nano-assisted membrane-based separation, and multifunctional
nanomaterials and nanodevices for water treatment Provides an
understanding of the structure-activity relationship and stability
of ANMs under critical experimental conditions Identifies potential
challenges in the application of multifunctional ANMs for future
research Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Remediation is aimed
at researchers and industry professionals in chemical, materials,
and environmental engineering as well as related fields interested
in the application of advanced materials to water treatment and
remediation.
With the increasing need and demand for fresh fruits and
vegetables, the field of postharvest science is continuously
evolving. Endeavors are being made by scientists involved in
postharvest research for maintenance of the quality and safety of
fresh horticultural produce to enhance the postharvest life and to
extend the availability of the produce in both time and space. This
volume, Emerging Postharvest Treatment of Fruits and Vegetables,
addresses the demand for the development and application of
effective technologies for preservation of perishable food
products, particularly fresh fruits and vegetables. It provides an
abundance of up-to-date information about postharvest treatments.
The chapters discuss a number of innovative technologies to prolong
and enhance postharvest fruits and vegetables. This book will be
valuable for those concerned with horticulture and postharvest
technology. It provides essential information for students,
teachers, professors, scientists, and entrepreneurs engaged in
fresh horticultural produce handling related to this field.
Chemo-Biological Systems for CO2 Utilization describes the most
recent advanced tools and techniques for carbon dioxide capture and
its utilization. It discusses and compares the advantages of
different systems and aids researchers and industrialists in
understanding energy generation in the form of biofuels,
bioelectricity, or biogas using chemicals; nanomaterials; and
microbial, enzymatic, and chemo-enzymatic-integrated systems. It
describes the importance and utilization of CO2 in living systems,
and provides an overview of the various fundamental methods,
policies, and techniques involved in CO2 conversion. Emphasis is
placed on the production of value-added products using CO2,
including biomethanol, industrial carbonates, and liquid or gaseous
fuels. Features: Explains the correlations between microbial,
biological, and chemical products and their roles in the conversion
of CO2 into usable energy and related products. Being suitable for
a broad audience, it addresses fundamental treatment methods for
reusing environmental waste materials. Aids in decision-making and
policy planning for environmental professionals. The information
provided throughout this book will help researchers and
professionals working in various industries to better understand
the conversion of CO2 into energy-based products. Chemo-Biological
Systems for CO2 Utilization also serves as a useful guide to seek
alternative methods for clean energy and mitigating global climate
change.
This book examines the commercial role of various microbial
polysaccharides and recent advances in their production. Offering
an overview of the physiological role, biosynthetic pathways and
regulatory mechanisms, it also explores the current challenges
regarding bioprocessing for the production of polysaccharides.
Maintaining a practical perspective, Python Programming: A
Practical Approach acquaints you with the wonderful world of
programming. The book is a starting point for those who want to
learn Python programming. The backbone of any programming, which is
the data structure and components such as strings, lists, etc.,
have been illustrated with many examples and enough practice
problems to instill a level of self-confidence in the reader.
Drawing on knowledge gained directly from teaching Computer Science
as a subject and working on a wide range of projects related to ML,
AI, deep learning, and blockchain, the authors have tried their
best to present the necessary skills for a Python programmer. Once
the foundation of Python programming is built and the readers are
aware of the exact structure, dimensions, processing, building
blocks, and representation of data, they can readily take up their
specific problems from the area of interest and solve them with the
help of Python. These include, but are not limited to, operators,
control flow, strings, functions, module processing,
object-oriented programming, exception and file handling,
multithreading, synchronization, regular expressions, and Python
database programming. This book on Python programming is specially
designed to keep readers busy with learning fundamentals and
generates a sense of confidence by attempting the assignment
problems. We firmly believe that explaining any particular
technology deviates from learning the fundamentals of a programming
language. This book is focused on helping readers attempt
implementation in their areas of interest through the skills
imparted through this book. We have attempted to present the real
essence of Python programming, which you can confidently apply in
real life by using Python as a tool. Salient Features Based on
real-world requirements and solution. Simple presentation without
avoiding necessary details of the topic. Executable programs on
almost every topic. Plenty of exercise questions, designed to test
readers' skills and understanding. Purposefully designed to be
instantly applicable, Python Programming: A Practical Approach
provides implementation examples so that the described subject
matter can be immediately implemented due to the well-known
versatility of Python in handling different data types with ease.
This book examines the commercial role of various microbial
polysaccharides and recent advances in their production. Offering
an overview of the physiological role, biosynthetic pathways and
regulatory mechanisms, it also explores the current challenges
regarding bioprocessing for the production of polysaccharides.
This book presents a comprehensive overview on origin, structure,
properties, modification strategies and applications of the
biopolymer lignin. It is organized into four themed parts. The
first part focuses on the analysis and characterization of the
second most abundant biopolymer. The following part is devoted to
the biological aspects of lignin such as biosynthesis and
degradation. In the third part, chemical modification strategies
and the preparation of composites as well as nano- and
microparticles are discussed.The final part addresses the
industrial application of lignin and its derivatives, as well as
lignin materials. The usage for synthesis of biofuels, fine
chemicals and in agriculture and food industry is covered. This
book is a comprehensive source for researchers, scientists and
engineers working in the field of biopolymers as well as renewable
materials and sources.
This book presents a comprehensive overview on origin, structure,
properties, modification strategies and applications of the
biopolymer lignin. It is organized into four themed parts. The
first part focuses on the analysis and characterization of the
second most abundant biopolymer. The following part is devoted to
the biological aspects of lignin such as biosynthesis and
degradation. In the third part, chemical modification strategies
and the preparation of composites as well as nano- and
microparticles are discussed.The final part addresses the
industrial application of lignin and its derivatives, as well as
lignin materials. The usage for synthesis of biofuels, fine
chemicals and in agriculture and food industry is covered. This
book is a comprehensive source for researchers, scientists and
engineers working in the field of biopolymers as well as renewable
materials and sources.
This book provides information about the sources, structure, and
properties of keratin as well as its applications. The extraction
from different biomass sources (e.g. feathers, hairs, nails, horn,
hoof, and claws) as well as the characterization methods of these
extracted materials are explained. The development of bioproducts
from keratins is challenging and limited since they are neither
soluble in polar solvents nor in non-polar solvents. Therefore, the
utilization of different microorganisms for the degradation of
keratin is also discussed. The main aim of this book is to
highlight the unique features of keratin and to update readers with
the possible prospects to develop various value-added products from
keratins. The book is highly interesting to researchers working in
industry and academia on bioproducts, tissue engineering,
biocomposites, biofilm, and biofibers.
Smart Nanomaterials for Bioencapsulation focuses on the
fundamentals, synthesis methods and matrix design for the
encapsulation of drugs, drug release, food and nutraceuticals,
mechanisms of nano- encapsulated drugs on liposomes, micelles,
silica composites, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, and protein
inorganic nanohybrids. Providing detailed information on the
encapsulation of food and drug derivatives, the book helps create
new and modern approaches for both pharmaceutical and nutritional
science. The target delivery of pharmacological agents, as well as
food additives under various conditions is covered, including
sections on systemic release of drug molecules, minimum loss at
non-target sites, the accumulation of diseased tissue or organs,
and more. Smart nanomaterial-based nanocarriers protect the loaded
molecules from premature degradation in the biological environment
and enhance bioavailability for cellular uptake. The tuned
properties of smart nanomaterials, such as porosity, pore-volume,
surface area-to-volume ratio, coating with inert and labile
materials, and more help determine the in vivo performance of the
bioencapsulated food and drug derivatives.
Nanotechnology for Advanced Biofuels: Fundamentals and Applications
highlights emerging techniques for the formulation of fuels using
nanotechnology and bio-based concepts. The addition of high-energy
nanoparticles and biologically derived molecules in liquid fuel can
increase the potential of energy-rich compounds. Key challenges in
the production of nanotechnology-based fuels and their combustion
or ignition during the operation are covered, along with the
emission of oxidized particles and by-products of incomplete
combustion and nano-fuels as an emerging field. The bio-based
energy-rich fuels are largely diffused in conventionally used
fuels. The addition of biofuels and nano-additives to pre-existing
fuels can offer opportunities for developing modified fuels in
domestic industries with the maximum usage of renewable biomass.
This is an important reference source for materials scientists,
energy scientists and chemical engineers who want to understand
more about how nanotechnology can help create more efficient
biofuels.
Nanomaterials for Bioreactors and Bioprocessing Applications
explores the potential of nanomaterials in improving the efficiency
of bioprocessing industries and next-generation bioreactors. The
book provides information on various newly synthesized
nanomaterials in bioreactors for scaling up the bioprocess to an
industrial level, the criteria and properties of nanomaterials to
be used in bioprocessing, advantages, challenges while using the
nanomaterials, and the economic constraints. In addition, the book
also discusses the fate of various nanomaterials in the bioprocess,
the chances of product contamination and its prevention. This book
is an important reference source for materials scientists and
biomedical engineers information on the synthesized nanomaterials
that are available for bioreactors and bioprocesses, and the
various optimized conditions and precautions to be taken.
Advances in Nanotechnology for Marine Antifouling surveys the
latest research in the application of nanotechnology for biofouling
inhibition. The book gathers in-depth information on the various
micro and nano-techniques, nanocoatings, polymeric composites
paints, methods of application and prevention mechanisms. This is a
valuable resource for researchers and advanced students across
anti-biofouling, nanotechnology, nanomaterials, polymer
nanocomposites, coatings, maritime technology, chemistry, chemical
engineering, environmental science, and materials science and
engineering. This is also essential reading for industrial
scientists, engineers, R&D, and other professionals with an
interest in the use of nanotechnology for antifouling, particularly
in the maritime sector. Nanotechnologies have been recognized as a
powerful tool in antifouling strategies with nanocoatings with
efficient properties enabling increased durability and performance
in the prevention of biofouling and corrosion while replacing
potentially more harmful chemicals.
This book emphasizes various challenges and opportunities in
biopolymers and identifying their potential applications in various
fields including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and electronics.
It offers an overview of the environmental-related issues,
regulatory and legislative issues, green extraction
technologies, and sustainability challenges. It will be interesting
and valuable for researchers working in the related field.
This book provides comprehensive description of polymeric membranes
in water treatment and remediation. It describes both the
sustainability challenges and new opportunities to use membranes
for water decontamination. It also discusses the
environmental-related issues, challenges and advantages of using
membrane-based systems and provides comprehensive description of
various polymeric membranes, nanomaterials, biomolecules and their
integrated systems for wastewater treatment. Various topics covered
in this book are direct pressure-driven and osmotic-driven membrane
processes, hybrid membrane processes (such as membrane bioreactors
and integrating membrane separation with other processes), and
resource recovery-oriented membrane-based processes. The book will
be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in
the area of materials science and environmental chemistry.
CO2-philic Polymers, Nanocomposites and Chemical Solvents: Capture,
Conversion and Industrial Products is a multidisciplinary book that
provides a compilation of concrete information on various polymers,
porous materials hydrogels, membranes, nanoparticles, biochar
metal-organic frameworks, bioinspired surfaces, polysaccharides,
organic solvents, chemicals, eutectic solvents, amine-based
chemical compounds, porphyrins, ionic liquids, ceramics and
cutting-edge technologies for CO2 sequestration and conversion.
Each chapter covers the latest developments and methods of
synthesis and applications in the area. The book discusses, in
detail, valuable commercial products from CO2, such as ethanol,
methanol, formic acid, and precursors of other fine chemicals. The
book covers the scientific, technological and practical concepts
concerning the research, development and realization of CO2-philic
polymers, nanocomposites and chemical solvents. This makes it a
valuable resource for academic researchers and graduate students in
chemical engineering, materials science and chemical
engineers/engineers working in the industry.
Nanotechnology in Paper and Wood Engineering: Fundamentals,
Challenges and Applications describes recent advances made in the
use of nanotechnology in the paper and pulp industry. Various types
of nano-additives commonly used in the paper industry for
modification of raw material to enhance final products are
included, with other sections covering the imaging applications of
nano-papers and nano-woods in pharmaceuticals, biocatalysis,
photocatalysis and energy storage. This book is an important
reference source for materials scientists and engineers who are
looking to understand how nanotechnology is being used to create
more efficient manufacturing processes in for the paper and wood
industries.
Protein-Based Biopolymers: From Source to Biomedical Applications
provides an overview on the development and application of protein
biopolymers in biomedicine. Protein polymers have garnered
increasing focus in the development of biomedical materials,
devices and therapeutics due to their intrinsic bioactivity,
biocompatibility and biodegradability. This book comprehensively
reviews the latest advances on the synthesis, characterization,
properties and applications of protein-based biopolymers. Each
chapter is dedicated to a single protein class, covering a broad
range of proteins including silk, collagen, keratin, fibrin, and
more. In addition, the book explores the biomedical potential of
these polymers, from tissue engineering, to drug delivery and wound
healing. This book offers a valuable resource for academics and
researchers in the fields of materials science, biomedical
engineering and R&D groups working in pharmaceutical and
biomedical industries.
Biopolymeric Nanomaterials: Fundamentals and Applications outlines
the fundamental design concepts and emerging applications of
biopolymeric nanomaterials. The book also provides information on
emerging applications of biopolymeric nanomaterials, including in
biomedicine, manufacturing and water purification, as well as
assessing their physical, chemical and biological properties. This
is an important reference source for materials scientists,
engineers and biomedical scientists who are seeking to increase
their understanding of how polymeric nanomaterials are being used
for a range of biomedical and industrial applications. Biopolymeric
nanomaterials refer to biocompatible nanomaterials, consisting of
biopolymers, such as protein (silk, collagen, gelatin, ss-casein,
zein, and albumin), protein-mimicked polypeptides and
polysaccharides (chitosan, alginate, pullulan, starch, and
heparin). Biopolymeric nanomaterials may be used as i) delivery
systems for bioactive compounds in food application, (ii) for
delivery of therapeutic molecules (drugs and genes), or for (iii)
tissue engineering.
This book emphasizes various challenges and opportunities in
biopolymers and identifying their potential applications in various
fields including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and electronics.
It offers an overview of the environmental-related issues,
regulatory and legislative issues, green extraction technologies,
and sustainability challenges. It will be interesting and valuable
for researchers working in the related field.
With the increasing need and demand for fresh fruits and
vegetables, the field of postharvest science is continuously
evolving. Endeavors are being made by scientists involved in
postharvest research for maintenance of the quality and safety of
fresh horticultural produce to enhance the postharvest life and to
extend the availability of the produce in both time and space. This
volume, Emerging Postharvest Treatment of Fruits and Vegetables,
addresses the demand for the development and application of
effective technologies for preservation of perishable food
products, particularly fresh fruits and vegetables. It provides an
abundance of up-to-date information about postharvest treatments.
The chapters discuss a number of innovative technologies to prolong
and enhance postharvest fruits and vegetables. This book will be
valuable for those concerned with horticulture and postharvest
technology. It provides essential information for students,
teachers, professors, scientists, and entrepreneurs engaged in
fresh horticultural produce handling related to this field.
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