Celebrating the James A. Partridge Outstanding African American Information Professional Award the authors examine issues of race, inclusion, diversity, and justice in the field of library and information science. The award recognizes information professionals who exemplify the highest ideals of the profession, and it is part of a long-running series of efforts that have been made to promote diversity and inclusion in the field. Many of the living winners of the award share their thoughts and personal experiences about race and the development of the field of library and information science. Their insights are complimented by the writings of other scholars, educators, and practitioners who study, teach about, and experience issues of race in the field firsthand. Issues of race are addressed from the perspective of different backgrounds, as well as intersectionalities with other identities, such as gender, immigration, and orientation. The explorations by the authors at their various institutions - including libraries, universities, and government agencies - to promote diversity and inclusion catalogue a wide range of ideas, practices and lessons learned.

The authors present a multi-level theory of "Information Worlds" to investigate the ways in which information creates the social worlds of people. Building upon the foundational works of Library and Information Studies (LIS) scholar and theorist Elfreda Chatman and philosopher Jurgen Habermas, as well as from theory and research from a wide range of other fields, the theory of information worlds can serve as a theoretical driver both in LIS studies and across other disciplines that study information issues, enriching and expanding our understanding of the multi-layered role of information in society. Testing their theory through application to a variety of real-world issues, Burnett and Jaeger tackle the topics of libraries and information provision, the value assigned to information by differing social groups, information access and exchange, international information policies, the role of information in democracy, and technological change. Information Worlds provides a framework for empirical investigations into the fascinating and very real social dimensions of information.

The authors present a multi-level theory of "Information Worlds" to investigate the ways in which information creates the social worlds of people. Building upon the foundational works of Library and Information Studies (LIS) scholar and theorist Elfreda Chatman and philosopher Jurgen Habermas, as well as from theory and research from a wide range of other fields, the theory of information worlds can serve as a theoretical driver both in LIS studies and across other disciplines that study information issues, enriching and expanding our understanding of the multi-layered role of information in society.

Testing their theory through application to a variety of real-world issues, Burnett and Jaeger tackle the topics of libraries and information provision, the value assigned to information by differing social groups, information access and exchange, international information policies, the role of information in democracy, and technological change. Information Worlds provides a framework for empirical investigations into the fascinating and very real social dimensions of information.

This latest volume of the Advances in Librarianship series presents original research exploring the modern state of democracies and social institutions, the contributions of libraries to the health and progress of democracies, and the political problems currently facing libraries as institutions. It details the best practices of library programs that provide political literacy education and promote civic engagement within communities. These practices include ways in which libraries can help diffuse political polarization, address significant policy issues of our day, promote political information literacy, support civic engagement, and facilitate participation in democratic processes. Libraries and the Global Retreat of Democracy: Confronting Polarization, Misinformation, and Suppression is structured in three sections - questions of personal and state democracy, investigations of how the information infrastructure shapes these democracies, and explorations of the ways that libraries can and do contribute to democracy. Situating libraries within political conversations, highlighting their centrality to these discussions, Libraries and the Global Retreat of Democracy focuses on how libraries coordinate their work in political and information literacy and how these efforts can be improved, he recommendations and examples within which will serve as inspiration and motivation to its readers.

The rampant health injustices that occur daily throughout the world are exacerbated by health information injustice - something which libraries and librarians play an instrumental role in addressing. This volume brings together librarians, LIS students, educators, and researchers, to discuss the many ways that information professionals and libraries serve as agents of securing health information justice. Kicking off with an introductory chapter which covers the central concepts of health information injustice, the following chapters focus on the roles of libraries and librarians in improving consumer health literacy and reducing health disparities in their communities. In the final chapter, the editors draw on the authors' work to highlight the ways in which libraries and librarians are moving us closer to health justice, and they also discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic is both illuminating and intensifying health disparities, reinforcing the need for libraries and librarians to continue their important roles as agents of health information justice to ensure the physical and intellectual accessibility of information for all.

At the heart of any discussion about the future of libraries is the future of librarians-and how well our instructional programs, especially the Master of Library Science (MLS) degree, prepare them for their careers. Building on the Re-envisioning the MLS initiative from the University of Maryland's iSchool and the Information Policy & Access Center (iPAC), this book continues the critical conversations around preparing future librarians. Library and information science (LIS) programs are the foundation of librarianship, and their design requires input from everyone in the field-from academics designing programs and courses, to practitioners reflecting on how prepared (or unprepared) they are to serve their communities, to hiring authorities considering qualifications of candidates. The second installment of this two-part volume explores many of the challenges and opportunities inherent in the future of the MLS degree, including the changing nature of the communities that libraries serve and how LIS education should address these changes, how archival training must accommodate big data, the specialized skill sets librarians need on the job, and how best to prepare librarians for their role as educators. These conversations will never be fully resolved, as LIS education must continue to evolve to ensure the efficacy of libraries and the librarians at the heart of the work.

Academic, public, school, and special libraries are all institutions of human rights and social justice, with an increasingly apparent commitment to equality, to ethical principles based on rights and justice, and to programs that meet needs related to human rights and social justice. Key topics at the intersection of information, human rights, social justice, and technology include information access and literacy, digital inclusion, education, and social services, among many others. Edited by Ursula Gorham, Natalie Greene Taylor, and Paul T. Jaeger, this volume is devoted to the ideals, activities, and programs in libraries that protect human rights and promote social justice. With contributions from researchers, educators, and practitioners from a range of fields, this book is an important resource for library professionals in all types of libraries, a reference for researchers and educators about all types of libraries, and an introduction to those in other fields about the contributions of libraries to human rights and social justice.

All libraries have patrons and staff members with disabilities, making equitable service a priority for these organizations as they provide diverse services to their entire communities. Although rapid technological changes in recent years have offered challenges to libraries, these same technologies provide opportunities to embrace the concept of accessible library services and create innovative new services for patrons with disabilities. Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities and the Inclusive Future of Libraries, edited by Brian Wentz, Paul T. Jaeger, and John Carlo Bertot, focuses on the issues at the intersection of disability, accessibility, inclusion and libraries. The chapters in this volume provide best practices and innovative ideas to share amongst libraries, explore the roles that internet and communication technologies play in the context of inclusive libraries, illuminate the important contributions of libraries in promoting social inclusion of and social justice for people with disabilities, and help libraries to better articulate their contributions in these areas as they engage with disability groups, funders, policymakers, and other parts of their communities.

The Tunable Lasers and Applications Conference was held in Loen, Norway, on June 6-11, 1976. This conference dealt with the technology of tunable lasers from the vacuum ultraviolet to the far infrared and their application in the areas of photochemistry, chemical kinetics, isotope separation, at mospheric photochemistry and environmental studies, photobiology, and spec troscopy. The need for such a conference grew out of the rapidly expanding use of tunable lasers in a broad range of disciplines. The conference was attended by 130 scientists representing Japan, Italy, West Germany, Canada, Israel, France, England, Norway, Sweden, Brazil, Den mark, Finland, the Netherlands, the Soviet Union, and the United States. The location of the conference in Loen, Nordfjord, was chosen because of the magnificent beauty of its aqua-blue fjords surrounded by glacier-capped mountains and lush green hillsides. The Alexandra Hotel was a perfect host for such a conference with first class services, superb smorgesbord, and ex cellent audio-visual facilities. The atmosphere was free of distractions and provided for a relaxed interchange of ideas. An afternoon hike was arranged to the Briksdal glacier while the highlight of the outdoor activities was a bus-ship excursion to the magestically splendid Geiranger fjord. A sumptuous banquet was followed by an interesting'and entertaining illustrated talk on high-speed and underwater photography by Professor Harold Edgerton from MIT. Financial support from our sponsors is gratefully acknowledged in help ing to make this conference a complete success."

This book covers the entire field of tunable lasers, with the exception of dye lasers. Following an introductory chapter on common general principles, the remaining chapters - all written by leading experts in the field - each treat a particular class of tunable laser or process. In each case, a theoretical treatment is combined with a detailed practical description of the lasers and their operation. The book is written so as to be readily accessible to researchers and students alike. It is especially intended to enable the non-expert to choose the most appropriate tunable laser for a specific application. In this second edition an added chapter with extensive references to recent literature reviews the advances that haveoccured since the publication of the original edition.

At the heart of any discussion about the future of libraries is the future of librarians-and how well our instructional programs, especially the Master of Library Science (MLS) degree, prepare them for their careers. Building on the Re-envisioning the MLS initiative from the University of Maryland's iSchool and the Information Policy & Access Center (iPAC), this book continues the critical conversations around preparing future librarians. Library and information science (LIS) programs are the foundation of librarianship, and their design requires input from everyone in the field-from academics designing programs and courses, to practitioners reflecting on how prepared (or unprepared) they are to serve their communities, to hiring authorities considering qualifications of candidates. The second installment of this two-part volume explores many of the challenges and opportunities inherent in the future of the MLS degree, including the changing nature of the communities that libraries serve and how LIS education should address these changes, how archival training must accommodate big data, the specialized skill sets librarians need on the job, and how best to prepare librarians for their role as educators. These conversations will never be fully resolved, as LIS education must continue to evolve to ensure the efficacy of libraries and the librarians at the heart of the work.

Digital Literacy and Digital Inclusion: Information Policy and the Public Library examines the interrelationships between digital literacy, digital inclusion, and public policy, emphasizing the impacts of these policy decisions on the ability of individuals and communities to successfully participate in the information society. The ability to use the Internet to meet information needs is often labeled digital literacy, while access to the Internet in order to apply the skills of digital literacy is often discussed in terms of digital inclusion; while both are widely recognized as central to participation in contemporary society, they are rarely considered as policy issues. This book is the first detailed consideration of digital literacy and digital inclusion as policy problems and as core issues in information policy and libraries.The unique features of this book include: *Drawing together the key themes and findings from the discourse on digital literacy and digital inclusion widely spread among many fields; *Analyzing digital literacy and digital inclusion as policy issues, both being driven and regulated by policy; *Building on a wealth of original research conducted by the authors using different quantitative and qualitative data collection approaches on four different continents when analyzing these issues, providing unique examples, case studies, and perspectives; *Using information behavior theory to provide important insights about these issues at individual, community, and political levels; *Providing recommendations to inform practice in libraries and help libraries to frame their advocacy for public policies that support literacy and inclusion; and *Providing policy recommendations to improve the creation and implementation of policy instruments that promote digital literacy and digital inclusion. The authors of this book have been involved in this research space for many years and their experience provides a broad view across the literature and problems, as well as across national perspectives.This breadth allows the book to offer comprehensive policy recommendations, solutions, and best practices for an area that is currently extremely fragmented in discourse, practice, and policy.

Als GALILEI die naturliche Frage nach der Tragfahigkeit eines Krag balkens, der am freien Ende mit einem Gewicht belastet ist, in seinen "Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche" aus dem Jahre 1638 als erster quantitativ zu beantworten versucht, nimmt er an, dass sich der "Wider stand" des Materials gleichmassig uber die von ihm angenommene Zug zone verteilt und dass dieser Widerstand mit der Zugfestigkeit uber einstimmt. Offenbar erkannte der grosse Italiener intuitiv, dass in einem Balken alle Reserven des Tragwerks mobilisiert werden mussen, bevor es endgultig zerstoert werden kann. Fast zweihundert Jahre bewegte das Problem der Bruchfestigkeit der Tragwerke das Denken der Mathemati ker und Ingenieure, bis unabhangig voneinander YoUNG und mit absoluter Klarheit NAVIER den elastischen und den plastischen Vor formungsbereich eines Balkens voneinander trennen. NA VIER stellt fest, dass in demjenigen Bereich, in welchem die Verformungen proportional der Belastung sind, verhaltnismassig einfache mathematische Bezie hungen formuliert werden koennen, dass aber jenseits dieses Bereiches die entsprechenden Zusammenhange recht kompliziert werden. Ins besondere sei es sehr schwierig, mit mathematischen Mitteln die Trag fahigkeit eines Balkens beim Bruch anzugeben. Die Elastizitatstheorie beherrschte seitdem die Forschung und wurde auf eine hohe Entwicklungsstufe gebracht. Sie wird zur Zeit nicht nur auf die wenigen Materialien angewendet, bei denen die Dehnungen tatsachlich eine lineare Funktion der Spannungen sind, sondern meist auch auf viele andere technische Baustoffe, die einem solchen Verfor mungsgesetz nicht folgen.

Von den ersten Anfangen der Tragwerksberechnung an wurde das HOOKE'sche Gesetz fast ausschlieBlich als Ausgangspunkt genommen, hauptsacWich wegen der durch die lineare Beziehung ut tensio sic vis gewahrten analytischen Einfachheit. Abgesehen von EULERS Arbeit iiber die Knickung von Staben befaBten sich die friihen Untersuchungen auf diesem Gebiet vorwiegend mit der Spannungsverteilung in Tragwerken bei FeWen von Instabilitatseffekten. Die auf die Pionierarbeit von NAVIER gegriindeten klassischen elastizitatstheoretischen Berechnungs- verfahren wurden gegen Ende des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts von MAxWELL, MOHR, CASTIGLIANO und anderen entwickelt. Diese Verfahren befaBten sich hauptsachlich mit Fachwerken, aber als gegen Anfang die- ses Jahrhunderts Stahl- und Stahlbetonrahmentragwerke in Verwendung kamen, wurden entsprechende Verfahren fiir deren Berechnung ent- wickelt. Die klassischen Verfahren erwiesen sich jedoch bei ihrer An- wendung auf Rahmentragwerke als sehr miihselig, da die in der Praxis verwendeten Rahmentragwerke gewohnlich hochgradig statisch unbe- stimmt sind. Selbst trotz der verhaltnismaBig neuen Entwicklung der Momentenverteilungsmethode bleibt die elastische Berechnung auBer im FaIle einfachster Rahmen mit betrachtlichem Arbeitsaufwand verbunden. Die herkommlichen Bemessungsverfahren fiir StaWrahmentragwerke griinden sich auf die Ergebnisse elastischer SpanngroBenberechnungen. Infolge der Komplexheit dieser Berechnungen ist es notwendig gewesen, bei der Entwicklung von in der Praxis verwendbaren Bemessungsver- fahren viele vereinfachende Annahmen einzufiihren. Bei der Anwendung dieser Verfahren werden die einzelnen Tragteile eines biegesteifen Stab- werkes so bemessen, daB die nach einem vereinfachten elastischen Ver- fahren berechnete Maxirnalspannung unter Gebrauchslast eine zulassige Spannung nicht iiberschreitet, deren Wert wesentlich unterhalb der Ela- stizitatsgrenze liegt.

It's not hyperbole to conclude that in today's world, information literacy is essential for survival and success; and also that, if left unchecked, the social consequences of widespread misinformation and information illiteracy will only continue to grow more dire. Thus its study must be at the core of every LIS education. While many books have been written on information literacy, this text is the first to examine information literacy from a cross-national, cross-cultural, and cross-institutional perspective. The ideal resource for introducing students to this important subject, in this book the authors also explore key related issues such as technology, public policy, human rights, community engagement, and advocacy. Drawing upon both the latest research and best practices, they address information literacy in ways relevant for all types of libraries, providing both the broader context and a range of applied strategies and programs for promoting and teaching information literacy.

The first of its kind, this important new text provides a much-needed introduction to the myriad information policy issues that impact information professionals, information institutions, and the patrons and communities served by those institutions. In this key textbook for LIS students and reference text for practitioners, noted scholars Jaeger and Taylor: draw from current, authoritative sources to familiarize readers with the history of information policy, discuss the broader societal issues shaped by policy, including access to infrastructure, digital literacy and inclusion, accessibility, and security, elucidate the specific laws, regulations, and policies that impact information, including net neutrality, filtering, privacy, openness, and much more, use case studies from a range of institutions to examine the issues, bolstered by discussion questions that encourage readers to delve more deeply, explore the intersections of information policy with human rights, civil rights, and professional ethics, and prepare readers to turn their growing understanding of information policy into action, through activism, advocacy, and education.

Libraries, Human Rights, and Social Justice: Enabling Access and Promoting Inclusion examines the interrelationships between digital literacy, digital inclusion, and public policy, emphasizing the impacts of these policy decisions on the ability of individuals and communities to successfully participate in the information society. It is the first large-scale consideration of digital literacy and digital inclusion as policy problems and provides policy recommendations to promote digital literacy and digital inclusion. This book is intended to help librarians better understand and articulate their roles in promoting human rights and social justice, as well as to educate policymakers, government officials, professionals in other fields, and researchers in other disciplines about the contributions of libraries to human rights and social justice. It explores the intersections of information, human rights, and social justice from a range of perspectives and addresses the differing roles of library institutions (public, school, academic, and special libraries), library professionals, professional organizations, governments, and library patrons. Discussion focuses on the practical side of human rights and avoids most of the philosophical discussions of the term. Similarly, this book emphasizes the practical nature of social justice and the social and societal structures that foster equality. Related issues of digital literacy and digital inclusion are considered as essential to providing information in human rights and social justice contexts. Digital literacy, the ability to use the Internet to meet information, combines with access to the Internet in order to successfully apply the skills of digital literacy is discussed under the topic of digital inclusion. These topics are discussed through legal, policy, social, cultural, and economic lenses. Issues are examined both in terms of efforts to support equity in communities as a whole and the efforts intended to promote equity in specific disadvantaged or marginalized populations, such as the homeless, immigrants, people with disabilities, and the socioeconomically disadvantaged. Many examples of the issues discussed are drawn from the original research that the authors have conducted. The ideas and suggestions in this book should help members of the library community understand where their roles related to human rights and social justice originate, how they fit within the broader policy context, how to improve their related services and practices, and how to advocate for better support of these roles. The authors of this book have been involved in this research for many years and this breadth allows the book to offer comprehensive policy recommendations, solutions, and best practices for an area that is currently extremely fragmented. The writing is at a level to make it useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, and policy makers.

Drawing on two decades of original research conducted by the authors, as well as existing research about the intersection of public policy, political discourse, and public libraries, this book seeks to understand the origins and implications of the current standing of public libraries in public policy and political discourse. It both explains the complex current circumstances and offers strategies for effectively creating a better future for public libraries. The main message is that there is a pressing need for public librarians and other supporters of public libraries to be: 1.Aware of the political process and its implications for libraries; 2.Attuned to the interrelationships between policy and politics; and 3.Engaged in the policy process to articulate the need for policies that support public libraries. The style is both scholarly and accessible to general readers, with the goal of being useful to students, educators, researchers, practitioners, and friends of public libraries in library and information science. It will also be usefull for those engaged in areas of public policy, government, economics, and political science who are interested in the relationships between public libraries, public policy, and political processes. Building upon the discussion of the key issues, the book offers proposals for professional, policy-making, and political strategies that can strengthen the public library and its ability to meet the needs of individuals and communities. The discussion and analysis in the book draw upon data and real world examples from the many studies that the authors have conducted on related topics, including libraries' outreach to increasingly diverse service populations and efforts to meet community needs through innovative partnerships. As the intersection of politics, policy, and libraries has grown in importance and complexity in recent years, the need for a book on their interrelationships is long overdue.

This book is a timely and detailed exploration of the impact and issues of the Internet in public libraries and their implications for society, policy, and professional practice. Public Libraries and the Internet: Roles, Perspectives, and Implications explores the impact of the Internet and the expansion of the networked environment on U.S. public libraries through more than a dozen essays written by leading scholars and administrators. Notwithstanding the far-reaching changes wrought by the Internet, this is the first attempt to provide a comprehensive exploration of the subject over time and across areas of practice. This wide-ranging volume, edited by the authors of several national studies tracking the use and involvement of public libraries with the Internet since 1994, offers both description and assessment. It discusses the ways in which the roles and services of public libraries have changed as a result of the Internet and offers a perspective on the meaning and impact of these changes. Perhaps most critically, it also suggests possible futures and opportunities as public libraries continue to evolve in this networked environment.

Disability is rarely considered a social issue. Scholars tend to discuss it in the abstract; medical personnel view it as a health issue; and legal concerns for the disabled focus on how to advocate or protect organizations against demands for accommodation. As a result, disabled individuals are seen as bits and pieces of everyone's constituency but their own. The writers of this work, both having long personal experiences with disabilities, offer a holistic understanding of the lives of disabled individuals from representations in the media to issues of civil rights.

Written to educate and inform readers about the social roles of disability, this accessible and informative work addresses: social classifications of disability; social reactions to disability; legal rights and classifications of persons with disabilities; issues of accessibility to information and communication technologies; representations of disability in a range of media, including literature, painting, film, televsion and advertising; and major issues shaping the comtemporary social roles of persons with disabilities. By examining the social roles of disability in the past and present from a range of perspectives and disciplines, this book reveals a portrait of the social place, limitations, and rights of persons with disabilities.

Written for young people with disabilities and the people who care for and educate them, this unique resource offers both inspiration and advice to help disabled teenagers successfully meet the special social and academic challenges of high school and to find their paths into the future. Compiling a wealth of expertise on a range of issues in high school and all the accompanying major life events, this edited volume offers guidance, support, experience, and encouragement, providing everything from explanation of legal rights to guidance on effective study habits. Through the voices of disabled students and their teachers and family members, the book provides insights into the internal dilemmas that students face as well as problems they may encounter in the classroom, at home, and in society. This book is written to offer tools that empower students with disabilities face their challenges while providing educators, family members and friends insights into issues these students may encounter during their high school years. Every high school teacher, administrator, counselor, and librarian should familiarize themselves with the issues explored on these pages. The book is divided into five topical sections that each addresses a set of related issues. Section I provides a history of disabilitities across different times and cultures and a discussion of the legal rights of students with disabilities. Section II discusses the cultural and social issues disabled teens face in modern society and looks at representations in film and literature. Section III is devoted to the many interactions and relationships faced in high school, including dating, socialization, and extracurricular activities.Section IV addresses issues related to academic success and the concluding chapter offers tools for advocacy and empowerful. Appendicies complete this multi-facted volume with lists of additional readings and on-line resources for students with disabilities.

Authored by a legal specialist and an education professor, this study is targeted to everyone involved in the education of students with disabilities and provides a full examinatiaon of the legal issues. Each chapter blends classroom vignettes and teachable moments with relevant legal rights and responsibilities of all school personnel.

Disability rights laws are an essential part of every classroom, not just special education classrooms. Laws providing rights and protections to students and teachers with disabilities will be limited in utility unless all teachers understand the laws and the roles of the laws in the classroom. As the number of lawsuits in education is on the rise, Teachers must learn about the numerous legal issues possible in order to protect themselves against becoming involved in court cases. Teacher preparation programs must prepare all teachers to deal with these issues and to be aware of legal requirements for an equal education.

A legal mandate for an individual education plan, a less restrictive environment, and a free appropriate public education for students with disabilities are topics that all general education teachers must know and understand. This text is geared to all general education majors at all levels and in every content area, as well as administrators, teachers, parents of students with disabilities, and those involved in legal research.