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Emergence is often described as the idea that the whole is greater
than the sum of the parts: interactions among the components of a
system lead to distinctive novel properties. It has been invoked to
describe the flocking of birds, the phases of matter and human
consciousness, along with many other phenomena. Since the
nineteenth century, the notion of emergence has been widely applied
in philosophy, particularly in contemporary philosophy of mind,
philosophy of science and metaphysics. It has more recently become
central to scientists' understanding of phenomena across physics,
chemistry, complexity and systems theory, biology and the social
sciences. The Routledge Handbook of Emergence is an outstanding
reference source and exploration of the concept of emergence, and
is the first collection of its kind. Thirty-two chapters by an
international team of contributors are organised into four parts:
Foundations of emergence Emergence and mind Emergence and physics
Emergence and the special sciences Within these sections important
topics and problems in emergence are explained, including the
British Emergentists; weak vs. strong emergence; emergence and
downward causation; dependence, complexity and mechanisms; mental
causation, consciousness and dualism; quantum mechanics, soft
matter and chemistry; and evolution, cognitive science and social
sciences. Essential reading for students and researchers in
philosophy of mind, philosophy of science and metaphysics, The
Routledge Handbook of Emergence will also be of interest to those
studying foundational issues in biology, chemistry, physics and
psychology.
Muons, radioactive particles produced in accelerators, have emerged
as an important tool to study problems in condensed matter physics
and chemistry. Beams of muons with all their spins polarized can be
used to investigate a variety of static and dynamic effects and
hence to deduce properties concerning magnetism, superconductivity,
molecular or chemical dynamics and a large number of other
phenomena. The technique was originally the preserve of a few
specialists located in particle physics laboratories. Today it is
used by scientists from a very wide range of scientific backgrounds
and interests. This modern, pedagogic introduction to muon
spectroscopy is written with the beginner in the field in mind, but
also aims to serve as a reference for more experienced researchers.
The key principles are illustrated by numerous practical examples
of the application of the technique to different areas of science
and there are many worked examples and problems provided to test
understanding. The book vividly demonstrates the power of the
technique to extract important information in many different
scientific contexts, all stemming, ultimately, from the exquisite
magnetic sensitivity of the implanted muon spin.
Emergence is often described as the idea that the whole is greater
than the sum of the parts: interactions among the components of a
system lead to distinctive novel properties. It has been invoked to
describe the flocking of birds, the phases of matter and human
consciousness, along with many other phenomena. Since the
nineteenth century, the notion of emergence has been widely applied
in philosophy, particularly in contemporary philosophy of mind,
philosophy of science and metaphysics. It has more recently become
central to scientists' understanding of phenomena across physics,
chemistry, complexity and systems theory, biology and the social
sciences. The Routledge Handbook of Emergence is an outstanding
reference source and exploration of the concept of emergence, and
is the first collection of its kind. Thirty-two chapters by an
international team of contributors are organised into four parts:
Foundations of emergence Emergence and mind Emergence and physics
Emergence and the special sciences Within these sections important
topics and problems in emergence are explained, including the
British Emergentists; weak vs. strong emergence; emergence and
downward causation; dependence, complexity and mechanisms; mental
causation, consciousness and dualism; quantum mechanics, soft
matter and chemistry; and evolution, cognitive science and social
sciences. Essential reading for students and researchers in
philosophy of mind, philosophy of science and metaphysics, The
Routledge Handbook of Emergence will also be of interest to those
studying foundational issues in biology, chemistry, physics and
psychology.
Quantum field theory is arguably the most far-reaching and
beautiful physical theory ever constructed, with aspects more
stringently tested and verified to greater precision than any other
theory in physics. Unfortunately, the subject has gained a
notorious reputation for difficulty, with forbidding looking
mathematics and a peculiar diagrammatic language described in an
array of unforgiving, weighty textbooks aimed firmly at aspiring
professionals. However, quantum field theory is too important, too
beautiful, and too engaging to be restricted to the professionals.
This book on quantum field theory is designed to be different. It
is written by experimental physicists and aims to provide the
interested amateur with a bridge from undergraduate physics to
quantum field theory. The imagined reader is a gifted amateur,
possessing a curious and adaptable mind, looking to be told an
entertaining and intellectually stimulating story, but who will not
feel patronised if a few mathematical niceties are spelled out in
detail. Using numerous worked examples, diagrams, and careful
physically motivated explanations, this book will smooth the path
towards understanding the radically different and revolutionary
view of the physical world that quantum field theory provides, and
which all physicists should have the opportunity to experience.
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