This is a comprehensive textbook addressing the unique aspects of drug development for ophthalmic use. Beginning with a perspective on anatomy and physiology of the eye, the book provides a critical appraisal of principles that underlie ocular drug product development. The coverage encompasses topical and intraocular formulations, small molecules and biologics (including protein and gene therapies), conventional formulations (including solutions, suspensions, and emulsions), novel formulations (including nanoparticles, microparticles, and hydrogels), devices, and specialty products. Critical elements such as pharmacokinetics, influence of formulation technologies and ingredients, as well as impact of disease conditions on products development are addressed. Products intended for both the front and the back of the eye are discussed with an eye towards future advances.

Interconnecting the fundamentals of supercritical fluid (SCF) technologies, their current and anticipated utility in drug delivery, and process engineering advances from related methodological domains and pharmaceutical applications, this volume unlocks the potential of supercritical fluids to further the development of improved pharmaceutical products-from drug powders for respiratory delivery to drug delivery systems for controlled release.

This comprehensive volume discusses approaches for a systematic selection of delivery systems for various classes of therapeutic agents including small molecule, protein, and nucleic acid drugs.

Specific topics covered in this book include: Solution, suspension, gel, nanoparticle, microparticle, and implant dosage formsRefillable and microneedle devicesIntravitreal, suprachoroidal, intrascleral, transscleral, systemic, and topical routes of deliveryPhysical methods including iontophoresis for drug deliveryRational selection of routes of administration and delivery systemsNoninvasive and continuous drug monitoring Regulatory path to drug product developmentClinical endpoints for drug product developmentEmerging and existing drugs and drug targets

"Drug Product Development for the Back of the Eye" is authored by renowned ocular drug delivery experts, representing academic, clinical, and industrial organizations and serves as indispensable resource for ophthalmic researchers, drug formulation scientists, drug delivery and drug disposition scientists, as well as clinicians involved in designing and developing novel therapeutics for the back of the eye diseases. This book is also relevant for students in various disciplines including ophthalmology, pharmaceutical sciences, drug delivery, and biomedical engineering. Refillable and microneedle devicesIntravitreal, suprachoroidal, intrascleral, transscleral, systemic, and topical routes of deliveryPhysical methods including iontophoresis for drug deliveryRational selection of routes of administration and delivery systemsNoninvasive and continuous drug monitoring Regulatory path to drug product developmentClinical endpoints for drug product developmentEmerging and existing drugs and drug targets

"Drug Product Development for the Back of the Eye" is authored by renowned ocular drug delivery experts, representing academic, clinical, and industrial organizations and serves as indispensable resource for ophthalmic researchers, drug formulation scientists, drug delivery and drug disposition scientists, as well as clinicians involved in designing and developing novel therapeutics for the back of the eye diseases. This book is also relevant for students in various disciplines including ophthalmology, pharmaceutical sciences, drug delivery, and biomedical engineering. Refillable and microneedle devicesIntravitreal, suprachoroidal, intrascleral, transscleral, systemic, and topical routes of deliveryPhysical methods including iontophoresis for drug deliveryRational selection of routes of administration and delivery systemsNoninvasive and continuous drug monitoring Regulatory path to drug product developmentClinical endpoints for drug product developmentEmerging and existing drugs and drug targets

"Drug Product Development for the Back of the Eye" is authored by renowned ocular drug delivery experts, representing academic, clinical, and industrial organizations and serves as indispensable resource for ophthalmic researchers, drug formulation scientists, drug delivery and drug disposition scientists, as well as clinicians involved in designing and developing novel therapeutics for the back of the eye diseases. This book is also relevant for students in various disciplines including ophthalmology, pharmaceutical sciences, drug delivery, and biomedical engineering. "

Nanoparticles, products of nanotechnology, are of increasing interest to the pharmaceutical community. They can increase drug solubility, enhance bioavailability, allow tissue targeting, offer decreased side-effects, and improve therapeutic efficacy. Presenting the most pertinent and practical issues in the manufacturing and biological application of nanoparticles, this source presents state-of-the-art scientific contributions by seasoned authorities in the field.

This comprehensive volume discusses approaches for a systematic selection of delivery systems for various classes of therapeutic agents including small molecule, protein, and nucleic acid drugs. Specific topics covered in this book include: * Solution, suspension, gel, nanoparticle, microparticle, and implant dosage forms* Refillable and microneedle devices* Intravitreal, suprachoroidal, intrascleral, transscleral, systemic, and topical routes of delivery* Physical methods including iontophoresis for drug delivery* Rational selection of routes of administration and delivery systems* Noninvasive and continuous drug monitoring * Regulatory path to drug product development* Clinical endpoints for drug product development* Emerging and existing drugs and drug targets Drug Product Development for the Back of the Eye is authored by renowned ocular drug delivery experts, representing academic, clinical, and industrial organizations and serves as indispensable resource for ophthalmic researchers, drug formulation scientists, drug delivery and drug disposition scientists, as well as clinicians involved in designing and developing novel therapeutics for the back of the eye diseases.This book is also relevant for students in various disciplines including ophthalmology, pharmaceutical sciences, drug delivery, and biomedical engineering. * Refillable and microneedle devices* Intravitreal, suprachoroidal, intrascleral, transscleral, systemic, and topical routes of delivery* Physical methods including iontophoresis for drug delivery* Rational selection of routes of administration and delivery systems* Noninvasive and continuous drug monitoring * Regulatory path to drug product development* Clinical endpoints for drug product development* Emerging and existing drugs and drug targets Drug Product Development for the Back of the Eye is authored by renowned ocular drug delivery experts, representing academic, clinical, and industrial organizations and serves as indispensable resource for ophthalmic researchers, drug formulation scientists, drug delivery and drug disposition scientists, as well as clinicians involved in designing and developing novel therapeutics for the back of the eye diseases. This book is also relevant for students in various disciplines including ophthalmology, pharmaceutical sciences, drug delivery, and biomedical engineering.* Refillable and microneedle devices* Intravitreal, suprachoroidal, intrascleral, transscleral, systemic, and topical routes of delivery* Physical methods including iontophoresis for drug delivery* Rational selection of routes of administration and delivery systems* Noninvasive and continuous drug monitoring * Regulatory path to drug product development* Clinical endpoints for drug product development* Emerging and existing drugs and drug targets Drug Product Development for the Back of the Eye is authored by renowned ocular drug delivery experts, representing academic, clinical, and industrial organizations and serves as indispensable resource for ophthalmic researchers, drug formulation scientists, drug delivery and drug disposition scientists, as well as clinicians involved in designing and developing novel therapeutics for the back of the eye diseases. This book is also relevant for students in various disciplines including ophthalmology, pharmaceutical sciences, drug delivery, and biomedical engineering.