Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a gram positive aerobic bacterium which causes several diseases in humans as well as animals (cows, buffaloes and goat). S. aureus represents a major agent of contagious bovine mastitis, a serious disease of livestock resulting in both reduced milk production and quality. Persistent mastitis in livestock caused by S. aureus gives rise to economic losses. In mastitis, the main reservoir for S. aureus is the infected udder, once infection is established, S. aureus colonizes in the mammary gland and destroys cell membranes and damages milk-producing tissue. S. aureus is widely distributed in nature. It can colonize and infect both healthy, immunologically competent people in the community and hospitalized patients with decreased host defenses. S. aureus is the major pathogen of hospital acquired infections.

This book include elementary study of Piston-Ring lubrication in Hydrodynamics (HL) and Elasto-Hydrodynamic (EHL) domain at low load-low speed operating conditions. Effects of Piston-Ring running face profile, Engine speed and Elliptically distorted bore are investigated. Vogelpohl parameter technique along with Finite Difference Method is used to solve steady state Reynolds equation for Compression ring of a gasoline engine. Performance parameters (Oil Film thickness in HL and EHL, Friction Force, Power Loss and Flow-rate of lubricating oil) are shown graphically and explained.

As mobile devices are becoming the popular portals for internet users, it has exposed some basic design limitations of the dominant Transmission Control Protocol. A crucial feature of TCP is the congestion control algorithm. The basic assumption is that, packet loss being nominal is a sign of network congestion. But in mobile wireless networks non congestion related packet losses due to varying signal power are dominant. This book provides an overview of the challenges and suggested optimization techniques for TCP in wireless network environments.

Lung cancer accounts for the highest number of cancer related deaths Worldwide. This work aim to describe profile of Lung Carcinoma in North-Western regions (i.e. the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa & Federally Administered Tribal Areas) of Pakistan & its epidemiology across Pakistan. A detailed account of basic pathophysiology of the disease & diagnostic modalities may help readers gain idea about the latest developments in basics, diagnosis and treatment of Lung Cancer.

This write up covers the aspects which are directly OR indirectly influencing the efficiency of a garments manufacturing unit in any of the dimensions. We have tried to cover most of the operational factors, apart from other strategic & financial aspect as these topics have a great detailing in their own, which contribute in quality of the product & ultimately the quality of the process. The mentioned guidelines would help in improving the process flow with efficiency which would help in cost cutting (in fact waste reducing) which ultimately contributes in profitability. As this write up is based on the working being done in Pakistan so maximum factors that contribute as hurdles in achieving the maximum efficiency are tried to be covered up. We wish that maximum people should get maximum benefit of this small write up and if someone feel like, please do provide us with feed back.

The authors evaluated usability of digital libraries and selected BTH digital library system as a case study. As BTH offers a lot of e-resources but users still feel difficulty in accessing these e-resources and services. The goal of this research study is to explain the importance of usability in digital libraries and as well to measure user satisfaction level regarding usability of BTH digital library system. These problems are identified by using different usability evaluation techniques with different criteria and possible suggestions for improvements have been given in this research work. Usability testing (Think aloud protocol) and usability inquiry (questionnaires, interviews) methods were used in usability evaluation of BTH digital library system. Usability evaluation has been done by selection of different usability evaluation criteria namely Satisfaction, Memorability, Learnability, Efficiency, Effectiveness, Aesthetic, Reliability, Simplicity, Visibility, User Friendly, Relevancy and Easiness.

In real time internet services QoE plays a vital role for customer s satisfaction. These real time internet services are rapidly growing with regards to an increase in broadband technologies. As these broadband technologies are emerging. Therefore, user s expectations are also growing rapidly. Providing better QoS with a high QoE is the goal of every service provider today. In this thesis, we are analyzing the user s experience towards network delays by generating artificial delays with the help of KauNet shaper. KauNet Shaper is a network emulator which is used to create delay in Ubisafe server. KauNet is used for giving several delays to accessing the same web page of Ubisafe server and then users will gives his/her own experience with the help of mean opinion score.

The consequences of female illiteracy are far reaching and have a direct impact on women's capacity to sustain and protect themselves and their families. The long term social benefits of women education include increased family income; delayed marriages and reduced fertility rates; reduced mortality ratio; better nourished and healthier children and families; greater opportunities and life choices; better chances to avoid disease; greater political participation; and improved economic activities..The present study is an attempt to find out the situation of women's access to higher education as compared to men; the stratification aspect experienced by female students going to colleges; the primordial and institutional constraints that come in the way of female higher education; the problems faced by female students going to collages and the facilities provided by government agencies to promote higher education among women in Pakistan.

Despite the exponential growth of higher education in Pakistan since the late 1990s, there is a great dearth of authentic material drawn from primary sources. Writings usually come from secondary sources.The authors give a vivid account of the sector and present a wealth of information built from primary sources like Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Planning Commission, Census, Economic and Statistical Reports. The perspective is historical and critical and presents the way it has been shaped by education policies and plans of the government of Pakistan. The book reviews education policies and five years plans; development of the sector; international reports; problems relating to quality; policies and procedures of accreditation; faculty and student, management and governance and the role of the private sector. The message of the book is very clear that investment in higher education does not go unrewarded and its neglect does not go unpunished. The book shall be useful to policy planners of higher education, academia students, researchers and those who need to know about higher education in Pakistan.