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Micro-Macro Links and Microfoundations in Sociology focuses on two
main issues in sociology. Firstly, how macro-conditions can explain
macro-outcomes mediated by actor behaviour at the micro-level
(micro-macro links). Secondly, how alternative micro-models affect
macro-outcomes (microfoundations). The contributions reflect key
features of micro-macro modelling in sociology as well as recent
progress in this field. The chapters address core features of
explanations of social phenomena using micro-macro models, the
problem of cooperation, heterogeneity of actors, structural
balance, opinion formation, segregation, and problems of
micro-macro models that are based on rational choice assumptions.
Moreover, the contributions show how different research methods can
be applied fruitfully, such as laboratory experiments, equilibrium
analysis, and agent-based modelling. As a result, the book can be a
guide for graduate students who want to develop their skills in
building micro-macro models. In addition, the book provides
specialists of the different substantive research areas with
up-to-date new developments in their research area. This book was
originally published as a special issue of Journal of Mathematical
Sociology.
Micro-Macro Links and Microfoundations in Sociology focuses on two
main issues in sociology. Firstly, how macro-conditions can explain
macro-outcomes mediated by actor behaviour at the micro-level
(micro-macro links). Secondly, how alternative micro-models affect
macro-outcomes (microfoundations). The contributions reflect key
features of micro-macro modelling in sociology as well as recent
progress in this field. The chapters address core features of
explanations of social phenomena using micro-macro models, the
problem of cooperation, heterogeneity of actors, structural
balance, opinion formation, segregation, and problems of
micro-macro models that are based on rational choice assumptions.
Moreover, the contributions show how different research methods can
be applied fruitfully, such as laboratory experiments, equilibrium
analysis, and agent-based modelling. As a result, the book can be a
guide for graduate students who want to develop their skills in
building micro-macro models. In addition, the book provides
specialists of the different substantive research areas with
up-to-date new developments in their research area. This book was
originally published as a special issue of Journal of Mathematical
Sociology.
Social Networks and Trust discusses two possible explanations for
the emergence of trust via social networks. If network members can
sanction untrustworthiness of actors, these actors may refrain from
acting in an untrustworthy manner. Moreover, if actors are informed
regularly about trustworthy behavior of others, trust will grow
among these actors.
A unique combination of formal model building and empirical
methodology is used to derive and test hypotheses about the effects
of networks on trust. The models combine elements from game theory,
which is mainly used in economics, and social network analysis,
which is mainly used in sociology.
The hypotheses are tested (1) by analyzing contracts in information
technology transactions from a survey on small and medium-sized
enterprises and (2) by studying judgments of subjects in a vignette
experiment related to hypothetical transactions with a used-car
dealer.
Social Networks and Trust discusses two possible explanations for
the emergence of trust via social networks. If network members can
sanction untrustworthiness of actors, these actors may refrain from
acting in an untrustworthy manner. Moreover, if actors are informed
regularly about trustworthy behavior of others, trust will grow
among these actors.
A unique combination of formal model building and empirical
methodology is used to derive and test hypotheses about the effects
of networks on trust. The models combine elements from game theory,
which is mainly used in economics, and social network analysis,
which is mainly used in sociology.
The hypotheses are tested (1) by analyzing contracts in information
technology transactions from a survey on small and medium-sized
enterprises and (2) by studying judgments of subjects in a vignette
experiment related to hypothetical transactions with a used-car
dealer.
The problem of cooperation is one of the core issues in sociology
and social science more in general. The key question is how humans,
groups, organizations, institutions, and countries can avoid or
overcome the collective good dilemmas that could lead to a
Hobbesian "war of all against all". The chapters in this book
provide state of the art examples of research on this crucial
topic. These include theoretical, laboratory, and field studies on
trust and cooperation, thereby approaching the issue in three
complementary and synergetic ways. The theoretical work covers
articles on trust and control, reputation formation, and
paradigmatic articles on the benefits and caveats of abstracting
reality into models. The laboratory studies test the implications
of different models of trust and reputation, such as the effects of
social and institutional embeddedness and the potentially emerging
inequalities this may cause. The field studies test these
implications in applied settings such as business purchasing and
supply, informal care, and different kinds of collaboration
networks. This book is exemplary for rigorous social science. The
focus is on effects of social conditions, in particular different
forms of social and institutional embeddedness, on social outcomes
at the macro level. Modelling efforts are applied to connect social
conditions to social outcomes through micro-level behavior in ways
that are easily overlooked when argumentation is intuitive and
impressionistic. The book sets forth a mixed-method approach by
applying different empirical methods to test hypotheses about
similar questions. Several contributions re-evaluate the
theoretical strengths and weaknesses following from the laboratory
and field studies. Improving the theory in light of these findings
facilitates pushing the boundaries of social science .
There is one thing that moves online consumers to click add to
cart, that allows sellers to accept certain forms of online
payment, and that makes online product reviews meaningful: trust.
Without trust, online interactions can t advance. But how is trust
among strangers established on the Internet? What role does
reputation play in the formation of online trust? In eTrust,
editors Karen Cook, Chris Snijders, Vincent Buskens, and Coye
Cheshire explore the unmapped territory where trust, reputation,
and online relationships intersect, with major implications for
online commerce and social networking. eTrust uses experimental
studies and field research to examine how trust in anonymous online
exchanges can create or diminish cooperation between people. The
first part of the volume looks at how feedback affects online
auctions using trust experiments. Gary Bolton and Axel Ockenfels
find that the availability of feedback leads to more trust among
one-time buyers, while Davide Barrera and Vincent Buskens
demonstrate that, in investment transactions, the buyer s own
experience guides decision making about future transactions with
sellers. The field studies in Part II of the book examine the
degree to which reputation facilitates trust in online exchanges.
Andreas Diekmann, Ben Jann, and David Wyder identify a reputation
premium in mobile phone auctions, which not only drives future
transactions between buyers and sellers but also payment modes and
starting bids. Chris Snijders and Jeroen Weesie shift focus to the
market for online programmers, where tough competition among
programmers allows buyers to shop around. The book s third section
reveals how the quality and quantity of available information
influences actual marketplace participants. Sonja Utz finds that
even when unforeseen accidents hinder transactions lost packages,
computer crashes the seller is still less likely to overcome
repercussions from the negative feedback of dissatisfied buyers. So
much of our lives are becoming enmeshed with the Internet, where
ordinary social cues and reputational networks that support trust
in the real world simply don t apply. eTrust breaks new ground by
articulating the conditions under which trust can evolve and grow
online, providing both theoretical and practical insights for
anyone interested in how online relationships influence our
decisions."
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