The year 2014 saw the 200th anniversary of Napoleon's downfall - and the restauration of the French monarchy under the house of Bourbon. With this as a starting point, Volker Sellin shows how the European monarchies restored and prolonged their reigns by giving their countries constitutions. This new angle results in an astonishing history of the 19th century in Europe from Spain to Russia.

Benjamin Constant distinguished two kinds of government: unlawful government based on violence, and legitimate government based on the general will. In Europe monarchy was for over a thousand years considered the natural form of legitimate government. The sources of its legitimacy were the dynastic principle, religion, and the ability to protect against foreign aggression. At the end of the eighteenth century the revolutions in America and France called into question the traditional legitimacy of monarchy, but Volker Sellin shows that in response to this challenge monarchy opened up new sources of legitimacy by concluding alliances with constitutionalism, nationalism, and social reform. In some cases the age of revolution brought on a new type of leader, basing his claim to power on charisma.

The year 2014 sees the 200th anniversary of Napoleon's downfall - and the restauration of the French monarchy under the house of Bourbon. With this as a starting point, Volker Sellin shows how the European monarchies restored and prolonged their reigns by giving their countries constitutions. This new angle results in an astonishing history of the 19th century in Europe from Spain to Russia.

Warum nehmen Menschen es hin, dass andere Menschen Herrschaft uber sie ausuben? Sie lassen sich beherrschen, solange sie die Herrschaft als legitim anerkennen. Ohne Legitimitat wird Herrschaft zur Gewalt. Als legitime Form der Herrschaft galt in Europa uber ein Jahrtausend lang die Monarchie. Erst Aufklarung und Revolution stellten die Legitimitat der Monarchie in Frage. In einem europaweiten Vergleich, der meisterhaft Politik- und Kulturgeschichte verzahnt, zeigt Volker Sellin, wie die Monarchie es verstand, ihre Legitimitat trotzdem fast uberall noch uber Generationen hinweg zu bewahren. Welchen Anteil hatten daran die traditionellen Vorstellungen von dynastischer Herrschaftsberechtigung, Gottesgnadentum und Kriegserfolg? Welche Bedeutung gewannen neue legitimitatsstiftende Leistungen wie Verfassungsgebung, nationale Politik oder soziale Reform? "Die Fragen des sehr gelungenen Buches werfen historisches Licht auf die Gegenwart. Das Problem, wie man Macht und Legitimitat in umsturzenden Zeiten beibehalt, ist nicht nur fur gekronte Haupter in der Vergangenheit relevant." (Bo Strath, Professor fur nordische, europaische und Weltgeschichte an der Universitat Helsinki)"

The year 2014 saw the 200th anniversary of Napoleon's downfall - and the restauration of the French monarchy under the house of Bourbon. With this as a starting point, Volker Sellin shows how the European monarchies restored and prolonged their reigns by giving their countries constitutions. This new angle results in an astonishing history of the 19th century in Europe from Spain to Russia.