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The major emphasis of the Dagstuhl Seminar on "Numerical Validation in C- rent Hardware Architectures" lay on numerical validation in current hardware architecturesand softwareenvironments. The generalidea wasto bring together experts who are concerned with computer arithmetic in systems with actual processor architectures and scientists who develop, use, and need techniques from veri?ed computation in their applications. Topics of the seminar therefore included: - The ongoing revision of the IEEE 754/854 standard for ?oating-point ari- metic - Feasible ways to implement multiple precision (multiword) arithmetic and to compute the actual precision at run-time according to the needs of input data - The achievement of a similar behavior of ?xed-point, ?oating-point and - terval arithmetic across language compliant implementations - The design of robust and e?cient numerical programsportable from diverse computers to those that adhere to the IEEE standard - The development and propagation of validated special-purpose software in di?erent application areas - Error analysis in several contexts - Certi?cation of numerical programs, veri?cation and validation assessment Computer arithmetic plays an important role at the hardware and software level, when microprocessors, embedded systems, or grids are designed. The re- ability of numerical softwarestrongly depends on the compliance with the cor- sponding ?oating-point norms. Standard CISC processors follow the 1985 IEEE norm 754, which is currently under revision, but the new highly performing CELL processor is not fully IEEE compliant.
A large amount of the capacity of today's computers is used for computations that can be described as computations involving real numbers. In this book, the focus is on a problem arising particularly in real number computations: the problem of veri?edor reliablecomputations. Since real numbersare objects c- taining an in?nite amount of information, they cannot be represented precisely on a computer. This leads to the well-known problems caused by unveri?ed - plementations of real number algorithms using ?nite precision. While this is t- ditionally seen to be a problem in numerical mathematics, there are also several scienti?c communities in computer science that are dealing with this problem. This book is a follow-up of the Dagstuhl Seminar 06021 on "Reliable Imp- mentation of Real Number Algorithms: Theory and Practice," which took place January 8-13, 2006. It was intended to stimulate an exchange of ideas between the di?erent communities that deal with the problem of reliable implementation of real number algorithms either from a theoretical or from a practical point of view. Forty-eight researchers from many di?erent countries and many di?erent disciplines gathered in the castle of Dagstuhl to exchange views and ideas, in a relaxed atmosphere. The program consisted of 35 talks of 30 minutes each, and of three evening sessions with additional presentations and discussions. There were also lively discussions about di?erent theoretical models and practical - proaches for reliable real number computations.
Reliable computing techniques are essential if the validity of the output of a - merical algorithm is to be guaranteed to be correct. Our society relies more and more on computer systems. Usually, our systems appear to work successfully, but there are sometimes serious, and often minor, errors. Validated computing is one essential technology to achieve increased software reliability. Formal - gor in the de?nition of data types, the computer arithmetic, in algorithm design, and in program execution allows us to guarantee that the stated problem has (or does not have) a solution in an enclosing interval we compute. If the enclosure is narrow, we are certain that the result can be used. Otherwise, we have a clear warning that the uncertainty of input values might be large and the algorithm and the model have to be improved. The use of interval data types and al- rithms with controlled rounding and result veri?cation capture uncertainty in modeling and problem formulation, in model parameter estimation, in algorithm truncation, in operation round-o?, and in model interpretation. The techniques of validated computing have proven their merits in many scienti?c and engineering applications. They are based on solid and interesting theoretical studies in mathematics and computer science. Contributions from ?elds including real, complex and functional analysis, semigroups, probability, statistics, fuzzyintervalanalysis, fuzzylogic, automaticdi?erentiation, computer hardware, operating systems, compiler construction, programming languages, object-oriented modeling, parallel processing, and software engineering are all essent
Dieses Buch gibt Studierenden der Mathematik und Informatik, aber
auch interessierten Ingenieurstudenten eine moderne und
geschlossene Sichtweise der Computergrafik mit wichtigen Aspekten
aus der Bildverarbeitung.
Ausgehend vom Thema "Schulen auf dem Weg in die Informationsgesellschaft" bietet der vorliegende Band einen Uberblick uber Stand, Einfuhrung und Konzeption computer- und netzgestutzter Technologien fur Schulen.
Ais zu Beginn der achtziger Jahre die ersten 64K Computer mit hochauflo sender Bildschirmgraphik ihren Einzug in die mathematischen Institute und die Arbeitszimmer der Studenten nahmen, konnte man nur ahnen, welch unent behrliches Hilfsmittel hier entstanden war, urn mathematische und naturwis senschaftliche Phanomene graphisch sichtbar zu machen und ihre Strukturen aufzudecken. Wenn in Windeseile ein Funktionsgraph oder das Drahtmodell eines Korpers am Bildschirm erscheint, verschoben, gedreht oder vergroJ3ert wird, Kurven oder Flachen in ein Gitternetz eingepaJ3t oder Datenmengen in Bildern veranschaulicht werden, dann liegen in allen Fallen mathematische Algorithmen zugrunde, deren Verstandnis fUr ein sinnvolles Arbeiten mit fertigen oder selbsterstellten Programmen der Computergraphik eine groJ3e Hilfe ist. So verfolgt dieses Buch mehrere Ziele. Zum einen sollen einige wichtige Algorithmen zur Erzeugung der graphischen Grundelemente vorge stellt und exemplarisch in Prozeduren einer Standard-Hochsprache umgesetzt werden. Die mathematischen Grundlagen, die zum groJ3en Teil aus der linea ren Algebra, Analysis und Geometrie stammen, werden im Text mitentwickelt oder zitiert. So wendet sich das Buch an Studierende der Angewandten Ma thematik, Informatik und der Ingenieurwissenschaften, ist aber auch dem interessierten Laien zuganglich. Andererseits haben wir besonderes Gewicht auf die vielfaltigen Einsatzmoglichkeiten der Graphik zur Veranschauli chung von Kurvenverlaufen, Oberflachenformen und Bewegungsablaufen aus den Bereichen der Ingenieurwissenschaften gelegt, die in den Grundkursen der Hoheren Mathematik abgedeckt werden. Die gewahlten Beispiele stammen zum groJ3en Teil aus Veranstaltungen, die von den Autoren an der RWTH Aachen gehalten wurden."
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