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Visual Communication: An Information Theory Approach presents an
entirely new look at the assessment and optimization of visual
communication channels, such as are employed for telephotography
and television. The electro-optical design of image gathering and
display devices, and the digital processing for image coding and
restoration, have remained independent disciplines which follow
distinctly separate traditions; yet the performance of visual
communication channels cannot be optimized just by cascading
image-gathering devices, image-coding processors, and
image-restoration algorithms as the three obligatory, but
independent, elements of a modern system. Instead, to produce the
best possible picture at the lowest data rate', it is necessary to
jointly optimize image gathering, coding, and restoration. Although
the mathematical development in Visual Communication: An
Information Theory Approach is firmly rooted in familiar concepts
of communication theory, it leads to formulations that are
significantly different from those that are found in the
traditional literature on either rate distortion theory or digital
image processing. For example, the Wiener filter, which is perhaps
the most common image restoration algorithm in the traditional
digital image processing literature, fails to fully account for the
constraints of image gathering and display. As demonstrated in the
book, digitally restored images improve in sharpness and clarity
when these constraints are properly accounted for. Visual
Communication: An Information Theory Approach is unique in its
extension of modern communication theory to the end-to-end
assessment of visual communication. from scene to observer. As
such, itties together the traditional textbook literature on
electro-optical design and digital image processing. This book
serves as an invaluable reference for image processing and
electro-optical system design professionals and may be used as a
text for advanced courses on the subject.
This book addresses the issue of improving the accuracy in exon
prediction in DNA sequences using various adaptive techniques based
on different performance measures that are crucial in disease
diagnosis and therapy. First, the authors present an overview of
genomics engineering, structure of DNA sequence and its building
blocks, genetic information flow in a cell, gene prediction along
with its significance, and various types of gene prediction
methods, followed by a review of literature starting with the
biological background of genomic sequence analysis. Next, they
cover various theoretical considerations of adaptive filtering
techniques used for DNA analysis, with an introduction to adaptive
filtering, properties of adaptive algorithms, and the need for
development of adaptive exon predictors (AEPs) and structure of AEP
used for DNA analysis. Then, they extend the approach of least mean
squares (LMS) algorithm and its sign-based realizations with
normalization factor for DNA analysis. They also present the
normalized logarithmic-based realizations of least mean logarithmic
squares (LMLS) and least logarithmic absolute difference (LLAD)
adaptive algorithms that include normalized LMLS (NLMLS) algorithm,
normalized LLAD (NLLAD) algorithm, and their signed variants. This
book ends with an overview of the goals achieved and highlights the
primary achievements using all proposed techniques. This book is
intended to provide rigorous use of adaptive signal processing
algorithms for genetic engineering, biomedical engineering, and
bioinformatics and is useful for undergraduate and postgraduate
students. This will also serve as a practical guide for Ph.D.
students and researchers and will provide a number of research
directions for further work. Features Presents an overview of
genomics engineering, structure of DNA sequence and its building
blocks, genetic information flow in a cell, gene prediction along
with its significance, and various types of gene prediction methods
Covers various theoretical considerations of adaptive filtering
techniques used for DNA analysis, introduction to adaptive
filtering, properties of adaptive algorithms, need for development
of adaptive exon predictors (AEPs), and structure of AEP used for
DNA analysis Extends the approach of LMS algorithm and its
sign-based realizations with normalization factor for DNA analysis
Presents the normalized logarithmic-based realizations of LMLS and
LLAD adaptive algorithms that include normalized LMLS (NLMLS)
algorithm, normalized LLAD (NLLAD) algorithm, and their signed
variants Provides an overview of the goals achieved and highlights
the primary achievements using all proposed techniques Dr. Md. Zia
Ur Rahman is a professor in the Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering at Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational
Foundation (K. L. University), Guntur, India. His current research
interests include adaptive signal processing, biomedical signal
processing, genetic engineering, medical imaging, array signal
processing, medical telemetry, and nanophotonics. Dr.
Srinivasareddy Putluri is currently a Software Engineer at Tata
Consultancy Services Ltd., Hyderabad. He received his Ph.D. degree
(Genomic Signal Processing using Adaptive Signal Processing
algorithms) from the Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering at Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation (K. L.
University), Guntur, India. His research interests include genomic
signal processing and adaptive signal processing. He has published
15 research papers in various journals and proceedings. He is
currently a reviewer of publishers like the IEEE Access and IGI.
This book addresses the issue of improving the accuracy in exon
prediction in DNA sequences using various adaptive techniques based
on different performance measures that are crucial in disease
diagnosis and therapy. First, the authors present an overview of
genomics engineering, structure of DNA sequence and its building
blocks, genetic information flow in a cell, gene prediction along
with its significance, and various types of gene prediction
methods, followed by a review of literature starting with the
biological background of genomic sequence analysis. Next, they
cover various theoretical considerations of adaptive filtering
techniques used for DNA analysis, with an introduction to adaptive
filtering, properties of adaptive algorithms, and the need for
development of adaptive exon predictors (AEPs) and structure of AEP
used for DNA analysis. Then, they extend the approach of least mean
squares (LMS) algorithm and its sign-based realizations with
normalization factor for DNA analysis. They also present the
normalized logarithmic-based realizations of least mean logarithmic
squares (LMLS) and least logarithmic absolute difference (LLAD)
adaptive algorithms that include normalized LMLS (NLMLS) algorithm,
normalized LLAD (NLLAD) algorithm, and their signed variants. This
book ends with an overview of the goals achieved and highlights the
primary achievements using all proposed techniques. This book is
intended to provide rigorous use of adaptive signal processing
algorithms for genetic engineering, biomedical engineering, and
bioinformatics and is useful for undergraduate and postgraduate
students. This will also serve as a practical guide for Ph.D.
students and researchers and will provide a number of research
directions for further work. Features Presents an overview of
genomics engineering, structure of DNA sequence and its building
blocks, genetic information flow in a cell, gene prediction along
with its significance, and various types of gene prediction methods
Covers various theoretical considerations of adaptive filtering
techniques used for DNA analysis, introduction to adaptive
filtering, properties of adaptive algorithms, need for development
of adaptive exon predictors (AEPs), and structure of AEP used for
DNA analysis Extends the approach of LMS algorithm and its
sign-based realizations with normalization factor for DNA analysis
Presents the normalized logarithmic-based realizations of LMLS and
LLAD adaptive algorithms that include normalized LMLS (NLMLS)
algorithm, normalized LLAD (NLLAD) algorithm, and their signed
variants Provides an overview of the goals achieved and highlights
the primary achievements using all proposed techniques Dr. Md. Zia
Ur Rahman is a professor in the Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering at Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational
Foundation (K. L. University), Guntur, India. His current research
interests include adaptive signal processing, biomedical signal
processing, genetic engineering, medical imaging, array signal
processing, medical telemetry, and nanophotonics. Dr.
Srinivasareddy Putluri is currently a Software Engineer at Tata
Consultancy Services Ltd., Hyderabad. He received his Ph.D. degree
(Genomic Signal Processing using Adaptive Signal Processing
algorithms) from the Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering at Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation (K. L.
University), Guntur, India. His research interests include genomic
signal processing and adaptive signal processing. He has published
15 research papers in various journals and proceedings. He is
currently a reviewer of publishers like the IEEE Access and IGI.
This book describes various types of image patterns for image
retrieval. All these patterns are texture dependent. Few image
patterns such as Improved directional local extrema patterns, Local
Quantized Extrema Patterns, Local Color Oppugnant Quantized Extrema
Patterns and Local Mesh quantized extrema patterns are presented.
Inter-relationships among the pixels of an image are used for
feature extraction. In contrast to the existing patterns these
patterns focus on local neighborhood of pixels to creates the
feature vector. Evaluation metrics such as precision and recall are
calculated after testing with standard databases i.e., Corel-1k,
Corel-5k and MIT VisTex database. This book serves as a practical
guide for students and researchers. -The text introduces two models
of Directional local extrema patterns viz., Integration of color
and directional local extrema patterns Integration of Gabor
features and directional local extrema patterns. -Provides a
framework to extract the features using quantization method
-Discusses the local quantized extrema collected from two oppugnant
color planes -Illustrates the mesh structure with the pixels at
alternate positions.
not a coincidence, but is the result of a carefully planned time of
landing (sun elevation) and lander orientation (sun azimuth). * The
picture was started 25 seconds after touchdown and took 15 seconds
to acquire. The alternating bright and dark vertical striations at
the left side of the image and the fine particles deposited on the
footpad at the right side were caused by a turbulent cloud of dust
raised by the lander's retrorockets. t *F. O. Huck and S. D. Wall,
"Image quality prediction: An aid to the Viking Lander imaging
investigation on Mars. " Appl. Opt. 15, 1748-1766 (1976). tT. A.
Mutch, A. B. Binder, F. O. Huck, E. C. Levinthal, S. Liebes, Jr.,
E. C. Morris, W. R. Patterson, J. B. Pollack, C. Sagan and G. R.
Taylor, "The Surface of Mars: The view from the Viking 1 Lander. "
Science 193, 791-801 (1976). VISUAL COMMUNICATION An Information
Theory Approach Chapter 1 Introduction 1. 1 OBJECTIVE l The
fundamental problem of communication, as Shannon stated it, is that
of reproducing at one point either exactly or approximately a
message selected at another point. In the classical model of
communication (Fig. 1. 1), the infor mation source selects a
desired message from a set of possible messages which the
transmitter changes into the signal that is actually sent over the
commu nication channel to the receiver. The receiver changes this
signal back into a message, and hands this message to the
destination."
Adaptive Filtering Techniques for Remote Health Care Monitoring
Systems aims to present a full picture of the state-of-the-art
research and development of adaptive signal processing applications
in various real-time applications. This book covers some important
applications like MIMO, artifact removal, speech enhancement, beam
forming, brain computer interface, genomic analysis, biomedical
signal processing, healthcare technology, inter symbol interference
cancellation, and others.It is certainly not the authors ambition
to cover everything concerning adaptive filtering principles and
applications. Rather, this edited book features the latest
methodological, technical and practical progress on promoting the
successful use of adaptive filtering principles and applications,
which are more useful in the current day scenario. This book
consists of ten chapters contributed by prominent researchers from
throughout the world.The intended audience of this book will mainly
consist of researchers, research students and practitioners in
adaptive filtering and applications. This book is also of interest
to researchers and industrial practitioners in areas such as
algorithm developers, biomedical engineering, biomedical
instrumentation, VLSI circuits design, and embedded systems. This
edited book will present research outcomes on theoretical and
technical issues related to real-time applications.The authors
would like to convey their appreciation to all the contributors,
including the accepted chapters authors, and many other
participants who submitted their chapters that cannot be included
in the book due to space limitation.
This book titled Adaptive Filtering: Principles, Concepts and
Applications covers principles, concepts and applications of
adaptive filtering. The development of adaptive filtering started
in 1976 and widely developed over different application areas. It
is certainly not our ambition to cover everything of adaptive
filtering principles and applications. Rather, this edited book
features the latest methodological, technical and practical
progress on promoting the successful use of adaptive filtering
principles and applications, which are more useful in the current
day scenario. The book contains ten chapters contributed by the
experts in the area of adaptive filtering throughout the world. The
various applications addressed are MIMO receivers, adaptive exon
prediction for DNA analysis, beam steering for smart antennas for
mobile applications, telecardiology systems, physiological signal
analysis, brain computer interface applications, speech signal
conditioning, filtering thoracic electrical bio-impedance, and
inter symbol interference cancellation in wireless communication
systems. The intended audience of this book will mainly consist of
researchers, research students and practitioners in adaptive
filtering and applications. The book is also of interest to
researchers and industrial practitioners in areas such as algorithm
developers, biomedical engineering, biomedical instrumentation,
VLSI circuits design, and embedded systems. This edited book will
present research outcomes on theoretical and technical issues
related to real time applications.
Five genotypes of rapeseed were tested to evaluate yield, yield
components and oil quality and quantity.The genus Brassica has over
150 species and represented by six agriculturally important
species.Protein percentage, Moisture percentage, Glucosinolate,
Erucic acid percentage, Oleic acid percentage and linolenic acid
percentage in dried seeds were determined at Nuclear Institute for
Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Peshawar by NIR system 6500. The
objectives of the book is to confirm: 1. The evaluation of Rapeseed
genotypes for their yield and quality potential. 2. The
environmental interactions with various Rapeseed in climatic
condition of Pakhal plains. 3. The best genotypes for the
commercial cultivation. Therefore the book is unique and special.
Milk from 24 Nili Ravi buffaloes were collected on fortnight basis
from Tarir Dairy Farm, Dhanola on Sargodha Road, Faisalabad. Data
obtained for each attribute was subjected to statistical analysis.
Oxytocin administration to buffaloes milk resulted in increased pH,
proteins, lactose and solid-not-fat and decreased in fat percent as
compared to normal animals. Alkaline phosphotase, acid phosphotase,
lactoperoxidase activity, and thiocyanate were high in oxytocin
treated while lipase activity was low in buffaloes. Caprylic
acid(C8), capric acid (C10), myristic acid (C14), palmitic (C16)
were high while butyric acid (C4), caproic acid (C6), lauric acid
(C12), steric acid (C18), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2)
were significantly low in oxytocin treated buffalo. Vitamins (A, D,
E and C) were high in oxytocin treated buffaloes as compared to
control. Milk sodium, phosphorus and copper were high while low in
potassium, iron and zinc in experimental group. From this study it
is concluded that regular use of oxytocin injections do alter the
milk composition which could have a promising effect on the milk
value added products to effect the human health.
Oroantral fistula can be found almost every book of the Oral &
Maxillofacial Surgery and otolaryngology, but this book presents
every aspect of oroantral fistula in detail.It also includes the
original research of the author.The author has referred to the
latest research regarding this problem.The book is very simple to
read and useful both for undergraduate, postgraduate dental and
otolaryngology students
Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are a major tool used for climate
change projections under different emission scenarios. However, for
assessing the hydrological impacts of climate change at watershed
scale, GCM outputs cannot be used directly owing to the mismatch in
spatial resolution between the GCMs and hydrological models. Thus a
downscaling scheme (either statistical or dynamical) is employed.
For hydrologic impact assessment studies, statistical downscaling
is usually preferred over dynamical downscaling and among the
variables usually downscaled, precipitation downscaling is more
challenging than downscaling of other climatological variables.
Therefore, this book is specifically focusing on addressing some of
the contemporary issues in statistically downscaling of
precipitation at watershed scale. Studies presented in this book
make use of two widely used downscaling methods i.e. multiple
linear regression and stochastic weather generator. Also, a new
downscaling methodology using Gene Expression Programming (GEP) has
been proposed. The issues discussed and analyzed in this book will
facilitate further research in the area of statistical downscaling
for hydrologic studies.
Male (n=30) and female (n=30) rats were divided into as control
(CC), horizontal restrained (HR) and head down suspended (HDS)
group for winter (20 C to 23 C) and summer season (30 C to 33 C).
During winter and summer seasons, male and female rats did show a
(P
Milk is one of the essential product in human diet, rich in
nutritive components. Goat milk is of great economic concern to
producers, manufacturers and consumers. The quality of milk is
closely related to its physiochemical and biological composition.
Both groups were comprised of eight samples each. Milk samples were
collected and filtered. Filtrate of all samples were stored at -4 C
in small aliquots. Spectrophotometer was used to measure total
oxidant and total antioxidant status, thiocyanate, lipase activity
and lactoperoxidase activity. Kit method was used to measure
thyroid level, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. Proximate
analysis was done to compare the composition of goat milk during
different stages of lactation. From present study it is concluded
that parturition affect enzymatic activities and hormonal
concentration in milk. It also affects oxidant and antioxidant
level of milk on different stages. But there is no affect of
parturition on nutritional value of milk. It remains unchanged
after fifteen days and three months of parturition."
Heavy metal residual concentrations of cadmium, chromium, nickel,
lead, arsenic and mercury in the milk and meat (muscles and organs)
have been determined in cattle and goat in two areas, each
consisted of three sites, along the main sewerage drains of
Faisalabad city. During present investigations the range of most
heavy metal residues (mg/L) in milk of cattle and goat have been
found higher than their corresponding reported values. Similar
trends were observed in meat (muscles and organs) of cattle and
goat. The most values of heavy metal residues have been found
higher: in goat than in cattle, in Area 1 than in Area 2 and in
summer than in winter. Drastic measures are suggested to detoxicate
and treat both the industrial and domestic effluents which are
intended to be used for agriculture purposes.
The present research was conducted to investigate the impacts of
oxytocin injection on lactating buffaloes. One group of buffaloes
was injected with 30 IU of oxytocin at each milking, while second
group was kept as control without any treatment. A significant
higher level (P 0.01) of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-C,
triglycerides, total proteins and CRP was found in oxytocin
injected lactating buffaloes. The serum total oxidant status and
total antioxidant status were found to be significantly higher and
lower respectively in the oxytocin injected lactating buffaloes.
The overall mean serum PON1 and arylesterase concentration was
significantly lower while malondialdehyde, total homocysteine and
ceruloplasmin was increased significantly in the oxytocin injected
lactating buffaloes. The liver enzymes like serum AST and ALT
concentration did increase significantly in the oxytocin treated
group. Serum T3, estradiol and progesterone was significantly (P
0.05) high in the oxytocin injected lactating buffaloes. Long use
of oxytocin did effect the serum composition and animal health.
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Obesity (Paperback)
Shazia Anwer Bukhari, Zia-ur Rahman, Saeed Ahmad
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R1,576
Discovery Miles 15 760
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Out of stock
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Forty (40) age matched individuals of male and female, young and
old were selected as normal and obese on the basis of their body
mass index (BMI). A significant increase in concentration of serum
glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, albumin, ALT, AST, total
oxidant status, MDA and Hcy and a significant decrease in
concentration of HDL, total proteins, globulins and antioxidant
status (AOS) were observed in obese as compared to normal
individuals. Sodium, potassium, magnesium and manganese
concentration were significantly high and calcium, CU, Zn and Fe
concentration did decrease significantly in obese individuals.
Serum globulin, total antioxidant status and iron concentration
were negative while body mass index, systolic blood pressure,
glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, albumin, ALT, total
oxidants status, MDA, sodium and manganese did show a positive
correlation with Hcy in obese individuals. DNA damage was
positively correlated with BMI, systolic blood pressure,
cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, albumin, ALT, total oxidant
status, MDA, sodium, potassium and magnesium while negative
correlation was observed with globulin, AOS and iron contents
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Diabetes (Paperback)
Bukhari Shazia Anwer, Zia-ur Rahman, Ahmad Saeed
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R1,812
Discovery Miles 18 120
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Out of stock
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Normal and diabetic patients with different age and gender were
selected from human population pertaining to rural background for
investigation homocysteine (Hcy) and DNA damage as biomarkers.
Normally with age, ESR, glycosylated haemoglobin, glucose,
cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, total proteins, albumin,
globulins, creatinine, urea, ALT and AST did increase while PCV, Hb
did decrease significantly. Health markers (SOD, GPx, Hcy, sialic
acid and hexosamine) did increase significantly. Diabetic patients
did show a significant increase in their ESR, glycosylated Hb,
glycosylated proteins, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total
proteins, albumin, creatinine, urea, ALT, AST, SOD, GPx, Hcy, K and
Fe concentration, however, PCV, Hb, vitamin C, E, A, T3, T4, Na,
Ca, Mg, Zn and Se did decrease significantly. DNA damage was
negatively correlated with Hb, vitamin C, E, A, T3 and T4.
Homocysteine was positively co-related with systolic blood
pressure, ESR, glycosylated Hb and proteins, glucose, cholesterol,
triglyceride, albumin, creatinine, urea, ALT, AST, superoxide
dismutase, sialic acid, hexosamine, testosterone, sodium, potassium
and magnesium
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Diarrhea (Paperback)
Shazia Anwer Bukhari, Zia-ur Rahman, Saeed Ahmad
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R1,312
Discovery Miles 13 120
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Out of stock
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Diarrhea a leading cause of illness and death in children in
developing countries may lead to the cause of dehydration resulting
from loss of water and electrolytes and lack of absorption of
nutrients due to inflammatory bowel. A total of forty (40) blood
samples were collected from normal and diarrheal children from
Allied and Civil Hospital, Faisalabad belong to middle
socio-economic class. Blood samples were collected with and without
anticoagulant from each individual for separation of serum which
was presented at -2 C. Serum biochemicals, hormones and health
markers were estimated in triplicate while using standard
procedures of analysis. A significant high concentration of LDL,
ALT, homocysteine, total oxidant status, K and Mg while serum
triglyceride, total proteins, albumin, globulin, T3, T4, total
antioxidant status, Na, Ca, Zn and Cu were significantly low in
patients with diarrhea. Diarrhea patients have shown a significant
increase in DNA damage. In addition, DNA damage has shown a
positive correlation with glucose, LDL and with potassium while
negative correlation was observed with total proteins, thyroxine,
total antioxidant status, sodium and calcium
Lactating Nili-Ravi Buffaloes were injected rbST (500 mg/16 day) to
observe effect on milk production, composition, physiological
profile, minerals of serum, milk and mammary health biomarkers.
Respiration rate was significantly high after day 1 of first
injection and low during days 24, 28 and 32 of second injection
irrespective of their groups. Overall mean ESR, neutrophils percent
decreased and lymphocytes percent increased significantly in bST
treated as compared to control buffaloes. The overall increase in
milk production was 9.31% from bST treated buffaloes. Overall mean
milk lactose increased significantly and milk fat was 1.03% higher
(P 0.05) in bST treated buffaloes. Milk calcium, magnesium, sodium,
chloride and phosphorus increased significantly. Serum calcium and
sodium did increase (P 0.05) while magnesium, potassium, chloride,
and phosphorus did decrease (P 0.05) in bST injected buffaloes. A
significant increase in milk plasminogen and a decrease in milk
plasmin was observed in bST treated buffaloes. Serum ALT,
paraoxonase, MDA were significantly high and alkaline phosphatase
and the AOS decreased significantly in bST injected buffaloes.
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Pregnancy (Paperback)
Shazia Anwer Bukhari, Zia-ur Rahman, Saeed Ahmad
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R1,316
Discovery Miles 13 160
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Out of stock
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Serum globulin, total antioxidant status and selenium concentration
decreased significantly while AST, T3, T4, homocysteine, total
oxidant status, MDA, K, Ca, Zn did increase during 1st trimester of
pregnancy. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, T3, T4,
homocysteine, total oxidant status, MDA, Ca, Zn were significantly
higher while serum total proteins, albumin, antioxidant status, Na,
K and Se did decrease significantly during 2nd trimester. A
significant high level of body temperature, triglyceride,
LDL-cholesterol, AST, T3, homocysteine, total oxidant status, MDA,
Ca and zinc concentration while lower concentration of serum
proteins, albumin, antioxidant status, Na, Fe and Se concentration
was observed in women at the end of the pregnancy. Pearson
correlation was determined to observe the relationship of
homocysteine and DNA damage with the clinical biochemical profiles
of pregnant women.
Three hundred day old chicks were divided into three feeding
methods i.e., continuous feeding (CF, 24 hours feeding),
intermittent feeding (IF, 1 hour feed and 3 hours off) and feed
withdrawal (FW, no feed from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm). Birds were fed a
ration either without supplemented fat or with 3% supplemented fat.
Temperature inside the experimental room ranges from 28.82-34.99 C,
whereas, the relative humidity ranged from 62.32-82.54% during the
experimental period. Birds kept under IF feeding system showed
significantly lower weight gain, feed consumption, water
consumption and better feed utilization than those of CF birds.
Addition of fat in ration significantly reduced the body
temperature, weight gain, feed intake and water consumption of the
experimental birds than those fed ration without fat
supplementation. Feeding systems significantly influenced the
mineral retention in the plasma and meat of the birds. Birds kept
under feed withdrawal system also showed slightly higher antibody
titers than those of fed continuously. No mortality was observed in
the birds kept under intermittent feeding system whereas 1.66%
mortality was found in the birds.
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