For securing the long-term profitability today, businesses are agreed to develop, maintain and create brand loyalty in such a way to maintain loyal customers, but it is difficult in one way or another in such a turbulent and competitive environment. Brand loyalty is the repeat purchase of any customer that reflects his or her conscious decision to continuously purchase that product in future. Abdul Rehman and Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman have explored and analysed very aptly the role of brand loyalty for a successful organisation. This book is a must read book for those who want to set their companies with a better performance in this competitive business world.

High turnover can be very harmful to an organization's productivity and this can be a sign of failure. Education is considered as the backbone of a country and schools, colleges and universities are again called the backbone of an education system. Then teachers are one of the important pillars in them. There are many problems faced by university administrations but main problem of today's university administration is to hire, train and retain talented teachers. Due to different reasons, teachers leave universities which incur huge cost, create impact on universities' functioning and reputation. This has become critical in the current scenario. This book provides an in-depth analysis of such issues. It not only provides an insight about its root causes but also puts forth some vital suggestions to cope with such issues which can ultimately lead to enhance performance.

This original piece of work based on empirical research brings into lime light, the issues regarding the professionals who change their educational career towards other disciplines. The piece of writing explores the causes of doing so by exemplifying the phenomenon on reality grounds, by providing an insight into the trends considered as significant contributors towards success in educational career change decision (ECCD). This also helps professionals about perceived scope of careers which makes significant influence on success of ECCD. In this book, Irfan Raza and Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman, also present valuable recommendation for future perspective related to career change and consequences, which can be of a great help for those who wish for having bright future in line with their objectives.

One of the hundreds of genuine and creative efforts for the researchers, academicians, and transformers, who will love to read for multifaceted purposes, is presented in the shape of this book. This piece of original work on variety of English Language will profoundly facilitate, the people who interact with English Language directly or indirectly, especially the people who strive for exploring further about written English.Dr. Muhammad Uzair has been exerting efforts on the basis of his motivation and enthusiasm, and it took him around 7 years to complete this project. Muhammmad Zia-ur-Rehman, the co-author, a PhD scholar, author of several international publications, editorial member and reviewer, has been working with the principal author profusely for more than 2 years, in shaping and bringing this original piece of work to lime light. Similarly, Arshad Mahmood, being assistant professor, also burnt midnight oil to finalize the book. All the authors are currently rendering their services as faculty members at National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan

Pakistan has the largest contiguous gravity flow canal irrigation system, but is falling short of good-quality water due to increased cropping intensity and increased demands for households and industry over the years. In Pakistan the agriculturally important areas are arid or semi-arid where freshwater supplies are limited to meet crop water requirements especially at critical stages. This shortage is being fulfilled by exploiting groundwater resources which is mostly brackish in nature. We evaluated the growth response of wheat and berseem crops to brackish water during reclamation of dense saline-sodic soils. The cyclic irrigation of CW and TW along with the application of gypsum @ 100% SGR or FM or with auger hole 60 m-2 refilled with gypsum and rice husk (1:1 ratio) remained better in lowering ECe, pHs and SAR and produced maximum grain and straw yields of wheat as well as berseem fodder. Overall, it was concluded that low quality waters could be exploited for irrigation on marginal salt-affected soils.

The study was conducted to determine the optimum protein level for laying hens during its third production cycle ad its effects on the production performance and egg quality. 36 White Leghorn single comb commercial layers of Euribred strains of uniform body weight were randomly selected. The birds were divided into 9 experimental units randomly. Each unit contained four birds. Moult was induced by 10 days fasting and three days water deprivation, followed by feeding crushed maize grains for 25 days on skip a day basis. 3 isocaloric rations containing 15.5, 17.0 and 18.5% crude protein were allotted to the birds randomly so that each treatment contains 3 replicates & fed for eight weeks to hens during their post moult egg production period. Data on egg production, feed consumption and body weight of hens were collected and physical characteristics of eggs (weight, shell thickness, haugh unit valve, yolk index, blood and meat spots) and chemical analysis of egg albumen with respect to protein contents, amino acid profile, macro minerals (Na, K, Ca, CI) and micro mineral (Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu) of egg albumen as well as yolk were determined during this period.

Communication is a two-way process involving an exchange of ideas.Creating written documents reveals so much about you and your business skills. Your writing tells the reader about your educational background, pride in your work and business expertise. The emergence of the paperless office, e-mail, the internet and web pages only increases the power of the written word.This book will be a real benefit for the business professionals to write perfect business letters having clarity, conciseness, correctness, completeness, concreteness, consideration and courtesy in it.Felicity in letter writing indeed plays pivotal role in creating desired impression on the receiver.This book is an asset for minimizing misunderstanding between a firm and its stakeholders.

Ovine theileriosis is an important tick-borne disease of sheep in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, caused by Theileria hirci (T. lestoquardi). The disease is economically important in small ruminants, particularly in sheep, causing clinical illness and mortalities in Middle East, west Asia, Indian subcontinent, parts of Africa and Mediterranean Basin. The present study was done to determine the infection rate of theileriosis in Lohi sheep and to investigate an economical and effective remedy for this protozoal problem. Another object was to study the effect of this disease on various blood parameters. A total of 400 sheep were examined for the presence of Thieleria in blood smears. Clinical signs were recorded and lymph node biopsy smears were also examined. On the basis of Giemsa stained blood smears, 16.5% sheep were found positive of which 65.1% were clinically symptomatic and showed schizonts of thielerial parasite in their lymphocytes. For treatment buparvaquone was found to better (90% success rate) than oxytetracycline (30% success rate).

Nara Canal is a perennial irrigation canal having six falls but two falls on the canal at RD 26 and RD 139 are found to be favourable for hydropower development. A number of layouts plan has been studied by collecting discharge data for the years 1995 to 2005 and flow duration curves were prepared to ascertain the availability of flows. For design discharge of the studied layouts, flow of 311 m3/s and 307 m3/s for Layout-A and Layout-B respectively which were available 30% time of the year were selected. Power potential and Energy output were evaluated for both layouts in comparying and finalization of layout scheme. The maximum power output for Layout-A and Layout-B was 5.5 MW and 8.11 MW respectively.The mean annual energy output expected for Layout-A and Layout-B was 35.5 GWh and 57.17 GWh respectively. Detailed results are presented in this technical book. The authors appreciate the efforts of Barthlemy Chaton and his team in facilitating and highly acknowledge publishing of it by VDM Publishing House Ltd., for technical knowledge sharing internationally.