This book reveals how to create efficient institutions and coordinate policy on a transnational scale to ensure that European Union integration can best meet social needs. It offers a combined technocratic and humanist perspective on the discussion of public financial management. The state, as part of its public policy, should seek to preserve our social and environmental values, yet there are mounting imbalances in society which point to the growing role of the state in minimising them. Under such circumstances, it is worth reflecting on how new challenges could require updated, more complex formulas, to deal with crises in current times and for social and economic policy making by states and the European Union generally, which would ensure their compatibility with the world financial markets. The work offers an in-depth and unique performance analysis of European Union institutions compared to the national entities of EU Member States. It contributes to the ongoing debate on global public goods and the processes involved in managing their provision. Further, it discusses public finance management instruments, indicating their historical evolution in practice and their effectiveness measured with the Human Development Index. The author presents a proposal of how to manage global, European and national public goods across three areas: environmental protection, transnational infrastructure projects and social policy. The book analyses public financial management instruments used during the recent pandemic, making a distinction between "regular" and "emergency" instruments and assessing their effectiveness in specific economic situations. This will be of interest to researchers and students of economics and finance, as well as decision makers and practitioners from governments, international organisations and specific non-governmental organisations concerned with issues of public finance management.

This book presents a comprehensive and holistic study on being a financial practitioner today. Using a practice theory approach, the book analyzes the work life stories of four financial practitioners who have been working between 13 and 25 years during the period of 1973 to 2015 and explains how their work identities are constituted in the practices throughout the years. It clarifies the public image of the management accountants and provides a better understanding of today's management accountants-who they are and how they are formed-while theorizing on how to develop the next generation.

This book explores how digital transformation is reshaping the manner in which higher education sectors emerge, work, and evolve and how auditors should respond to this challenging and risky digital audit universe in transforming the higher education system. It serves to help professionals to understand the reality of performing the Chief Audit Executive (CAE) role in today's evolving business economy, specifically in the higher education sector. It compares and contrasts the stated IIA standards with the challenges and realities auditors may face and provides alternative scenarios to gaining a "seat at the table." This book also provides insight into critical lessons learned when executing the CAE role relevant for digitally transforming universities. The main purpose of this study is to rethink the audit culture in the digital era and reveal the key characteristics that are open for improvement so that digitally transforming universities can be audited according to the higher education standards with a digitally supported value-added audit approach. Based on this approach, the audit culture is reassessed considering the digital university conceptual framework and business model. There are two main points to consider for the digital university work environment: traceability and auditability. In this respect, policy recommendations are made for best practices to achieve value-added digital audits in transforming universities. The book has been written from both the reality and academic perspectives of two experienced authors. Sezer is a past CAE, CEO, and long-term senior internal auditor who has worked in the internal audit role for various listed companies, financial institutions, and government entities. Erman has extensive information technology and university accreditation knowledge in the global higher education sector. This brings a blend of value-added approaches to the readers and speaks to issues about understanding and dealing with audit culture and business evolution in digitally transforming organizations along with the requirements for upholding IIA standards. Geared toward the experienced or new CAE, University Auditing in the Digital Era: Challenges and Lessons for Higher Education Professionals and CAEs can be a tool for all auditors to understand some of the challenges, issues, and potential alternative solutions when executing the role of university auditing. In addition, it can be a valuable reference for university administrators and CIOs, as well as academics and all stakeholders related to the higher education sector.

This book examines the origins and consequences of so-called pension fund capitalism, which has spread around the world since 1981, when the pension system was completely privatized in Chile. The author highlights the driving forces behind the privatization of pensions, its forms and tools used in practice, and the risks and costs related to private pensions. The reader can also learn about the experiences of various developed countries (including the USA, Canada, Australia, and Germany), as well as Latin American (including Chile) and Eastern European countries, related to the privatization of pensions. Particular attention is paid to Poland as an example of a country where such privatization failed completely. This book provides a source of serious reflection on what this privatization has led to, what its real economic and social consequences are and what the likelihood is of reversing it and strengthening the public pension system. Academic researchers and students of economics and finance, as well as social and political sciences, will find the book invaluable in understanding the problems arising from the privatization of pensions. It will also be of interest to professionals: institutions that shape or influence economic and social policy, including political parties, trade unions, non-governmental organizations, the media, and institutions operating on the financial market.

A Quick, Compact, and Easy-to-Understand Resource for Non-Accountants! The perfect financial accounting guide for beginners! Accounting for Non-Accountants is the must-have guide for all of us who have never taken an accounting class, are mystified by accounting jargon, and have no clue about balance sheets, income statements, payroll management, corporate taxes, or statements of cash flows. This simple to use accounting book is bookmaking made simple. Whether you own a business, plan on starting one, or just want to control your own assets, you'll find everything you need to know: How to prepare and use financial statements How to control cash flows How to manage budgets How to use accounting ratios How to deal with audits and auditors interpret financial statementsLet this book help you like it helped these readers: "Dr. Labels explanations are simple and straightforward. " "This will help me a lot as I set up my own business. " "I have worked in accounting for over twenty-five years, and this is the best book I have seen to help people with the basics of accounting." For entrepreneurs or anyone who needs to brush up on accounting fast, this book will have you up and running in no time.

Concise expert guide to a key research topic Unique shortform premium literature review Essential reading for early career researchers and established scholars new to the topic

As the main overview book of the FY 2021 Budget, this volume contains the Budget Message of the President, information on the President's priorities and budget overviews by agency, and summary tables. From large corporations and small business companies interested in developing new products for specific markets to policy makers, contractors, and federal agency personnel, this reference may be the go-to-resource to have at your hands for 2021 federal spending priorities.

This book, first published in 1988, aims to provide evidence on the voluntary adoption of a particular type of financial statement - the consolidated financial statement - in what may be characterized as relatively high agency cost situations. This study examines an accounting method choice not under the assumption that it will be made opportunistically but under the assumption that it will be negotiated ex ante as part of the firm's optimal contract structure.

This book, first published in 1995, presents a convenient resource which contains a cross-section of education issues, topics and biographies, identified with the acceptance and development of Certified Public Accountancy in New York State, USA.

An overview of how a new arrangement for setting financial reporting standards in the private sector came about, and why. Van Riper documents the emergence of a schism between advocates of neutrality in financial reporting standards and those who emphasize "social consequences", and the clashes between traditional views and new insights. He describes the efforts by powerful interests to block change, and examines the reasons why standard setting gives rise to contention and controversy. His recommendations to ensure standard setting in the private sector will be of special interest, not only to accounting professionals but to others throughout the finance, investment, and banking industries and to corporate management. The book begins with an overview of how and why the present self-regulatory arrangement for setting standards for financial reporting in the private sector came about in 1973. A brief description of the new structure is followed by a discussion of the essential elements of meaningful self-regulation. A schism emerged between advocates of neutrality and objectivity in standard setting and those who think the primary concern should be for possible economic and social consequences. Early clashes between traditional views and newer insights are described, setting the stage for an account of serious resistance to change. Powerful interests mount determined efforts to thwart the standard setters, undercutting not only self-regulation, but also the intent of the federal securities acts of 1933 and 1934. The practical and philosophical bases for the opposing views are examined, and recommendations are presented for ensuring continuation of private-sector standard setting despitethe intensity of these views.

This book, first published in 1988, provides an analysis of recruitment to the new profession of nineteenth-century accountancy, and in doing so, gives an insight into the complex origins and behaviour of the emergent professional classes. Unlike most studies, this is a study of all recruits, not only of those who succeeded in becoming qualified. This permits an analysis of the whole process of recruitment, including the choice of accountancy as a career option and as a vehicle of social mobility.

This book, first published in 1984, is a collection of six classic articles by the famed accountant John Whitmore. The articles, written between 1906 and 1908, provide a key analysis of standard costing and cost accounting.

This book, first published in 1984, collects together a host of valuable research papers published on accounting and auditing principles and procedures from the years 1917 to 1953. They are a key resource on the history and development of the accounting professions.

This book, first published in 1988, contains the complete account of the Seventh International Congress of Accountants in 1957. Featuring analysis of the modernisation of accounting, public accountants and internal auditing, among others, this is a valuable research book on the development of the profession.

This book, first published in 1986, collects together the papers presented at the Fifth International Congress on Accounting in 1938. Cutting edge research at the time, these analyses now form an integral part of the history of accounting.

This book, first published in 1997, analyses the development of Dutch financial reporting. A process of change in international financial reporting began in the early 1960s, and this book examines the roles of voluntary and legislated improvements on financial information disclosure.

This book, first published in 1984, is concerned mainly with papers published in various Transactions of the Chartered Accountants Students' Societies of Edinburgh and Glasgow. Many of these lectures were given by eminent accountants from throughout the UK, and soon the activities of the Societies extended beyond lectures. The financial reporting and auditing topics are the major concern of this text - they represent the one category of lectures which have a continuing and international relevance and interest.

This book, first published in 1988, analyses the history of auditing with as much objectivity as possible. These chapters reveal the importance of auditing in society generally and business activity particularly. The character of the auditor is examined, and their part in history as their role developed from an amateur status to a professional one. The development of the accounting profession is a significant part of the history of auditing. The emerging professional bodies assumed a societal role and by doing so, the audit function changed in terms of its aims and practices, and became a matter of public as well as private concern.

This book, first published in 1986, is a celebration of Scottish accounting influence and tradition. The essays are critical contributions to the study of accounting history, split into two main sections: the development of accounting thought and practice prior to the emergence of a regulated accountancy profession; and the problems faced in the first 70 years of the accountancy profession.

This 1897 book, first reissued in 1984, is a key historical document from the early years of accounting, and carefully explains the various points of double entry bookkeeping. Originally intended as a new method of instruction for students of accounting, it now serves to stand as a vital piece of the puzzle of the development of the accounting profession itself.

This book, first published in 1879 and reissued by Garland in 1984, analyses through the evidence from the original trial the collapse of the City of Glasgow Bank in 1878, and the reasons behind it. A history of gross mismanagement had been concealed by the directors by deceits facilitated by the absence of an independent audit.

This book, first published in 1982, gathers together a series of articles and editorials written in response to the Accounting Research Program of the early 1960s. Accounting Research Study No. 1 and No. 3 sprang from the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants' desire to keep up with 'economic and social changes which affect accounting' and the research studies into 'postulates' and 'principles' proved to be controversial. These articles analyse the findings and provide vital historical insight into the profession of the time, and its further development.

This book, first published in 1988, analyses the early development of the US public accounting profession. It gathers in one place writings - contemporary accounts, recollections and historical studies - that portray the early decades of the profession. It is a key book for students of the early development of the US accounting profession.

This book, first published in 1990, examines the works of Theodore Limberg and Fritz Schmidt and their contribution to the development of the case for replacement price valuations. It analyses which of Limberg's and Schmidt's contributions was the most prominent and whether either was the genesis of an evolutionary development of replacement price valuations. This analysis is apposite. History indicates we will experience further periods of inflation and accompanying debate on the serviceability of accounting proposals to incorporate the financial effects of price and price-level changes.

This book, first published in 1954, analyses the history of the world's oldest accountancy body, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland. Chapters cover the history of Scottish accountants from the earliest times; review the position of the practicing accountant; assess the work of the Institute; examine the position of the accountant in commerce, industry or government service; and deal with the training and examination of accountants.