This book is a concise introductory guide to understanding the foundations of electrochemistry. By using simplified classroom-tested methods developed while teaching the subject to engineering students, the author explains in simple language an otherwise complex subject that can be difficult to master for most. It provides readers with an understanding of important electrochemical processes and practical industrial applications, such as electrolysis processes, metal electrowinning, corrosion and analytical applications, and galvanic cells such as batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. This powerful tutorial is a great resource for students, engineers, technicians, and other busy professionals who need to quickly acquire a solid understanding of the science of electrochemistry.

From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy covers novel and emerging metering and monitoring technologies, communication systems, and technologies in smart grid areas to present a valuable reference for readers from various engineering backgrounds. Considering relevant topics on the essentials of smart grids and emerging wireless communication systems, such as IEEE 802.15.4 based novel technologies, cognitive radio networks and Internet of Energy, this book offers a discussion on the emerging trends and research direction for communication technologies. The book includes research concepts and visualization of smart grids and related communication technologies, making it a useful book for practicing network engineers.

Clean and sustainable energy is of paramount importance for industrial activities, economic development, environment, and welfare of civilians. As such, research on generation, storage, and application of clean energy is a central concern of both academia and industry. This collection addresses the pressing needs for sustainable technologies with reduced energy consumption and environmental pollutions and the development and application of alternative sustainable energy to maintain a green environment and efficient and long-lasting energy supply. Contributors represent both industry and academia and focus on new and efficient energy technologies including innovative ore beneficiation, smelting technologies, and recycling and waste heat recovery, as well as emerging novel energy solutions. The volume also covers a broad range of mature and new technological aspects of sustainable energy ecosystems, processes that improve energy efficiency, reduce thermal emissions, and reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse emissions.

Risk-Based Energy Management: DC, AC and Hybrid AC-DC Microgrids defines the problems and challenges of DC, AC and hybrid AC-DC microgrids and considers the right tactics and risk-based scheduling to tackle them. The book looks at the intermittent nature of renewable generation, demand and market price with the risk to DC, AC and hybrid AC-DC microgrids, which makes it relevant for anyone in renewable energy demand and supply. As utilization of distributed energy resources and the intermittent nature of renewable generations, demand and market price can put the operation of DC, AC and hybrid AC-DC microgrids at risk, this book presents a timely resource.

This edited volume seeks to identify the sustainability issues currently affecting the energy business and finance. For this purpose, a broad range of perspectives on sustainability issues in the energy business and finance are taken into consideration in the context of renewable business projects. In turn, several novel strategies from the energy business and finance are illustrated with regard to sustainable organizational factors, technological infrastructure, financial facilities, economic development, and investment potential. Comparing and contrasting different sustainability perspectives can help to develop the most appropriate and successful business strategies for the sustainable energy business and finance. This book presents multidimensional analyses of sustainability issues with regard to renewable energy projects and identifies the most promising strategies, as well as efficient market conditions for the energy business.

Supervised Machine Learning in Wind Forecasting and Ramp Event Prediction provides an up-to- date overview on the broad area of wind generation and forecasting, with a focus on the role and need of Machine Learning in this emerging field of knowledge. Various regression models and signal decomposition techniques are presented and analyzed, including least-square, twin support and random forest regression, all with supervised Machine Learning. The specific topics of ramp event prediction and wake interactions are addressed in this book, along with forecasted performance. Wind speed forecasting has become an essential component to ensure power system security, reliability and safe operation, making this reference useful for all researchers and professionals researching renewable energy, wind energy forecasting and generation.

This book provides recent trends and innovation in solar energy. It covers the basic principles and applications of solar energy systems. Various topics covered in this book include introduction and overview of solar energy, solar PV generation, solar thermal generation, innovative applications of solar energy, smart energy system, smart grid and sustainability, solar energy forecasting, advances in solar battery, thermal storage of solar energy, solar energy pricing, advances in hybrid solar system, solar system tracking for maximum power generation, phase change materials and its application, sensitivity analysis in solar systems, environmental feasibility of solar hybrid systems, regulatory implications of solar energy integration with grid, impact of the photovoltaic integration on the hydrothermal dispatch on power systems and potential and financial evaluation of floating solar PV in Thailand-a case study. This book will be useful for the students, academicians, researchers, policymakers, economists and professionals working in the area of solar energy.

Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage: Using Natural Resources for Sustainable Development presents the technologies associated with bioenergy and CCS and its applicability as an emissions reduction tool. The book explores existing climate policies and current carbon capture and storage technologies. Sections offer an overview of several routes to use biomass and produce bioenergy through processes with low or even negative CO2 emissions. Associated technology and the results of recent research studies to improve the sustainability of the processes are described, pointing out future trends and needs. This book can be used by bioenergy engineering researchers in industry and academia and by professionals and researchers in carbon capture and storage.

Advanced Biofuels: Applications, Technologies, and Environmental Sustainability presents recent developments and applications of biofuels in the field of internal combustion engines, with a primary focus on the recent approaches of biodiesel applications, low emission alternative fuels, and environmental sustainability. Editors Dr. Azad and Dr. Rasul, along with their team of expert contributors, combine a collection of extensive experimental investigations on engine performance and emissions and combustion phenomena using different types of oxygenated fuel with in-depth research on fuel applications, an analysis of available technologies and resources, energy efficiency improvement methods, and applications of oxygenated fuel for the sustainable environment. Academics, researchers, engineers and technologists will develop a greater understanding of the relevant concepts and solutions to the global issues related to achieving alternative energy application for future energy security, as well as environmental sustainability in medium and large-scale industries.

This book, which contains a collection of review articles as well as focus on evidence-based policy making, will serve as a valuable resource not just for all postgraduate students conducting research using systems analysis thinking but also for policy makers. To our knowledge, a book of this nature which also has a strong African focus is currently not available. The book examines environmental and socio-economic risks with the aim of providing an analytical foundation for the management and governance of natural resources, disasters, addressing climate change, and easing the technological and ecological transitions to sustainability. It provides scientific and strategic analysis to better understand the dynamics of future energy transitions, their main driving forces, enabling factors, barriers, as well as their consequences for the social, economic and environmental dimensions of human wellbeing. Science-based policy advice is achieved through an integrated assessment and modeling of how to simultaneously address the major energy policy challenges in the areas of environment (climate change and air pollution), energy poverty (or access to affordable and clean energy for the poor), energy security and reliability. It also aims to improve our understanding of ecosystems and their management in today's changing world-in particular, the current state of ecosystems, and their ecological thresholds and buffering capacities. It provides support for policy makers in developing rational, realistic and science-based regional, national and global strategies for the production of fuel, food and fibre that sustain ecosystem services and safeguard food security. Finally, it addresses the human development dimension of global change based on comprehensive studies on the changing size and composition of human populations around the world by analyzing both their impacts and the differential vulnerabilities by age, gender and level of education.

This new book, Carbon Nanotubes for Energy and Environmental Applications, covers the timely issue of green applications of carbon nanotubes. It covers the diverse usages of carbon nanotubes for the sensing of environmentally hazardous chemicals, for water purification, for the protection of the environment, and for new energy applications. The development of highly sensitive CNT-based gas sensors for air pollution monitoring, for green synthesis of carbon nanotubes, and for green energy applications are discussed in this volume. The diverse topics in the volume include nanodiamonds for energy storage, new lubricant additives that enhance energy efficiency, how carbon nanotubes can be applied in the food and agricultural sectors, the use of CNTs in water purification and desalination, carbon nanotubes-based electrochemical sensors for environmentally hazardous chemicals, and much more. This timely book addresses a need of the hour and will provide valuable for environmentally conscious industry professionals, faculty and students, and researchers in materials science, engineering, physics, and chemistry with interest in nanomaterials.

Geothermal Well Test Analysis: Fundamentals, Applications and Advanced Techniques provides a comprehensive review of the geothermal pressure transient analysis methodology and its similarities and differences with petroleum and groundwater well test analysis. Also discussed are the different tests undertaken in geothermal wells during completion testing, output/production testing, and the interpretation of data. In addition, the book focuses on pressure transient analysis by numerical simulation and inverse methods, also covering the familiar pressure derivative plot. Finally, non-standard geothermal pressure transient behaviors are analyzed and interpreted by numerical techniques for cases beyond the limit of existing analytical techniques.

Simulation of Power System with Renewables provides details on the modelling and efficient implementation of MATLAB, particularly with a renewable energy driven power system. The book presents a step-by-step approach to modelling implementation, including all major components used in current power systems operation, giving the reader the opportunity to learn how to gather models for conventional generators, wind farms, solar plants and FACTS control devices. Users will find this to be a central resource for modelling, building and simulating renewable power systems, including discussions on its limitations, assumptions on the model, and the implementation and analysis of the system.

This book demonstrates that solar energy, the most abundant and clean renewable energy, can be utilized to drive methane activation and conversion under mild conditions. The book reports that coupling solar energy and thermal energy can significantly enhance methane conversion at mild temperatures using plasmonic nanometal-based catalysts, with a substantial decrease in apparent activation energy of methane conversion. Furthermore, this book, for the first time, reports the direct photocatalytic methane oxidation into liquid oxygenates (methanol and formaldehyde) with only molecular oxygen in pure water at room temperature with high yield and selectivity over nanometals and semiconductors (zinc oxide and titanium dioxide). These findings are a big stride toward methane conversion and inspire researchers to develop strategies for efficient and selective conversion of methane to high-value-added chemicals under mild conditions.

Production of Clean Hydrogen by Electrochemical Reforming of Oxygenated Organic Compounds provides a comprehensive overview of the thermodynamics and experimental results that allow the decomposition process of organic compounds leading to hydrogen to be carried out at working cell voltages much lower than those encountered in water electrolysis. The authors review different methods of synthesis and characterization of the catalysts needed to activate the electro-oxidation reaction and describe different electrolysis experiments that produce hydrogen in a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell (PEMEC). Other sections investigate the effect of the nature of the reactive molecules, the nature and structure of the catalysts, and more. By exploring the link between organic oxidation/conversion to hydrogen production, this book fills a gap in the existing literature and provides researchers in the field with an authoritative and comprehensive reference they can use when developing new sustainable processes and systems for hydrogen production.

This book develops a comprehensive framework for creating sustainable new business approaches on a massive scale. It relates the power of entrepreneurship, investment and technology to four areas in which progress is urgently needed to get out of the world's current impasse. These are: game-changing innovations in companies; a way forward for the global fashion industry that reconciles competitiveness and worker dignity; turning around the energy crisis; and restoring capital markets to being the funders of human progress and prosperity that they once were-the pieces of the puzzle that is our future. Numerous case studies and actionable guidelines show how to concretely get the job done.

Many islands currently rely on heavy fuel oil as their primary energy source. As the issue of pollution and climate change became a reality, many countries, including island nations, began looking to reduce their carbon emissions by launching programs and policies designed to ease their transition from oil to alternative energy technologies that are more environmentally friendly. Transitioning Island Nations Into Sustainable Energy Hubs: Emerging Research and Opportunities provides the latest research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of establishing renewable energy source systems on islands. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as the vision of future energy networks and its role in creating the idea of energy hubs, this book is ideally designed for academicians, environmental professionals, researchers, policy makers, environmental engineers, and individuals seeking current research on renewable energy development.

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Mathematical Modelling and Materials Design and Optimization presents the latest information as edited from leaders in the field. It covers advances in DSSC design, fabrication and mathematical modelling and optimization, providing a comprehensive coverage of various DSSC advances that includes different system scales, from electronic to macroscopic level, and a consolidation of the results with fundamentals. The book is extremely useful as a monograph for graduate students and researchers, but is also a comprehensive, general reference on state-of-the-art techniques in modelling, optimization and design of DSSCs.

In recent years, the replacement of non-renewable crude oil by renewable sources has been addressed, particularly in developed countries. Its main driving force has been the increasing demand and limited reserves of fossil fuels, the greenhouse gas effect, and the need of securing energy supplies. Advanced Solid Catalysts for Renewable Energy Production provides emerging research on renewable energy production, catalysts, and environmental effects of increased productivity. While highlighting the challenges for future generations to develop in the sustainable energy age, readers will learn the importance of new approaches not only for synthesizing more active and selective (nano)catalysts, but also, for designing innovative catalytic processes that can eventually meet the growing energy efficiency demand and overcome the environmental issues. This book is an important resource for academicians, university researchers, technology developers, and graduate level students.

Storage and Hybridization of Nuclear Energy: Techno-economic Integration of Renewable and Nuclear Energy provides a unique analysis of the storage and hybridization of nuclear and renewable energy. Editor Bindra and his team of expert contributors present various global methodologies to obtain the techno-economic feasibility of the integration of storage or hybrid cycles in nuclear power plants. Aimed at those studying, researching and working in the nuclear engineering field, this book offers nuclear reactor technology vendors, nuclear utilities workers and regulatory commissioners a very unique resource on how to access reliable, flexible and clean energy from variable-generation.

Discusses the latest results in academia and industry on green composites. Existing machinability problems like low processability and reduction of the ductility are addressed and discussed in relation to use of adhesion promoters, additives or chemical modification of the filler to overcome these problems. Recent industrial efforts to minimize the environmental impact, e.g. biodegradable polymer matrix, renewable sources complete the approach.

Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future: Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment and Multi-criteria Decision Making provides a comprehensive sustainability analysis of biofuels based on life cycle thinking and develops various multi-dimensional decision-making techniques for prioritizing biofuel production technologies. Taking a transversal approach, the book combines life cycle sustainability assessment, life cycle assessment, life cycle costing analysis, social life cycle assessment, sustainability metrics, triple bottom line, operations research methods, and supply chain design for investigating the critical factors and key enablers that influence the sustainable development of biofuel industry. This book will equip researchers and policymakers in the energy sector with the scientific methodology and metrics needed to develop strategies for viable sustainability transition. It will be a key resource for students, researchers and practitioners seeking to deepen their knowledge on energy planning and current and future trends of biofuel as an alternative fuel.

The book summarizes the current state of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology in power generation applications. It describes the single cells, SOFC stacks, micro-combined heat and power systems, large-scale stationary power generators and polygeneration units. The principles of modeling, simulation and controls of power systems with solid oxide fuel cells are presented and discussed. Authors provide theoretical background of the technology followed by the essential insights into the integrated power systems. Selected aspects of the design, construction and operation of power units in range from single kilowatts to hundreds of kilowatts are presented. Finally, the book reports the selected studies on prototype systems which have been constructed in Europe. The book discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of operation of power generators with solid oxide fuel cells including fabrication of cells, design of stacks, system modeling, simulation of stationary and non-stationary operation of systems, fuel preparation and controls.

Provides valuable information on standard protocols for the synthesis of green nanomaterials Promotes advanced technologies for applications of green and sustainable nanomaterials Demonstrates numerous characterization tools for working with sustainable nanomaterials Explores various application areas of the synthesized nanomaterials With the major goal of this volume to take a stock of sophistication in the development of a spectrum of recent nanomaterials that are eco-benign and sustainable, this volume will be a valuable addition to the libraries of faculty and scientists in green and sustainable chemistry and engineering.

Focusing on shocks modeling, burn-in and heterogeneous populations, Stochastic Modeling for Reliability naturally combines these three topics in the unified stochastic framework and presents numerous practical examples that illustrate recent theoretical findings of the authors. The populations of manufactured items in industry are usually heterogeneous. However, the conventional reliability analysis is performed under the implicit assumption of homogeneity, which can result in distortion of the corresponding reliability indices and various misconceptions. Stochastic Modeling for Reliability fills this gap and presents the basics and further developments of reliability theory for heterogeneous populations. Specifically, the authors consider burn-in as a method of elimination of 'weak' items from heterogeneous populations. The real life objects are operating in a changing environment. One of the ways to model an impact of this environment is via the external shocks occurring in accordance with some stochastic point processes. The basic theory for Poisson shock processes is developed and also shocks as a method of burn-in and of the environmental stress screening for manufactured items are considered. Stochastic Modeling for Reliability introduces and explores the concept of burn-in in heterogeneous populations and its recent development, providing a sound reference for reliability engineers, applied mathematicians, product managers and manufacturers alike.