Everyone knows what it feels like to be in pain. Scraped knees, toothaches, migraines, giving birth, cancer, heart attacks, and heartaches: pain permeates our entire lives. We also witness other people - loved ones - suffering, and we 'feel with' them.
It is easy to assume this is the end of the story: 'pain-is-pain-is-pain', and that is all there is to say. But it is not. In fact, the way in which people respond to what they describe as 'painful' has changed considerably over time. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, for example, people believed that pain served a specific (and positive) function - it was a message from God or Nature; it would perfect the spirit. 'Suffer in this life and you wouldn't suffer in the next one'. Submission to pain was required. Nothing could be more removed from twentieth and twenty-first century understandings, where pain is regarded as an unremitting evil to be 'fought'.
Focusing on the English-speaking world, this book tells the story of pain since the eighteenth century, addressing fundamental questions about the experience and nature of suffering over the last three centuries. How have those in pain interpreted their suffering - and how have these interpretations changed over time? How have people learnt to conduct themselves when suffering? How do friends and family react? And what about medical professionals: should they immerse themselves in the suffering person or is the best response a kind of professional detachment?
As Joanna Bourke shows in this fascinating investigation, people have come up with many different answers to these questions over time. And a history of pain can tell us a great deal about how we might respond to our own suffering in the present - and, just as importantly, to the suffering of those around us.

Providing a practical, current, evidence-based approach to all aspects of perioperative care for the patient with vascular disease, Vascular Anaesthesia is an essential read for all vascular anaesthetists, anaesthetic nurses and anyone else involved in the care of vascular patients throughout the world. Vascular Anaesthesia summarizes current knowledge, particularly on interventional procedures (radiological, diagnostic, and surgical). This book also equips the trainee anaesthetist with the scientific and clinical knowledge to pass the Final FRCA examination. It enables doctors to approach vascular surgical patients with a firm understanding of a particular procedure, particularly its risks and options for perioperative management based on current best practice. The management of the patient with vascular disease is evolving rapidly: this indispensible poket reference is of sufficient detail to update the regular and occasional vascular anaesthetist with current best practice for particular, common clinical scenarios. The book also equips the non-anaesthetic medical, nursing, and theatre staff with knowledge and understanding of all other aspects of perioperative care.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a technique that delivers mild electrical currents across the intact surface of the skin to reduce pain. TENS is used by practitioners throughout the world to manage painful conditions and TENS equipment can be purchased by the general public so that they can self-administer treatment. There are thousands of experimental and clinical research studies published on TENS and related techniques yet there is uncertainty about the best way to administer TENS in clinical practice. This is because currents used during TENS can be administered in a variety of ways and the findings of research studies have been inconclusive.
This book provides guidance on how best to use TENS based on an evaluation of current research evidence. The book covers what TENS is, how it works, and safe and appropriate clinical techniques for many conditions including chronic low back pain, osteoarthritis and cancer pain. It also offers solutions to the problems faced by researchers when trying to design clinical trials on TENS.
Accessibility written, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) provides a comprehensive coverage of research issues and findings about TENS and will essential readings for healthcare professionals, practitioners and students.

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics covers the latest updates in transplantation written by the world-leading experts on the topic. Procedurally-focused articles cover best practices in patient selection, intraoperative care, postoperative care, organ donor management and more. Achieve the best outcomes and keep current on this area of anesthesia practice.

Each year, Advances in Anesthesia brings you up-to-date with the latest knowledge from the preeminent practitioners in your field. A distinguished editorial board identifies current areas of major progress and controversy and invites specialists from around the world to contribute original articles on these topics.

The scope of use of local anesthetics in procedures in plastic surgery is covered in this issue of Clinics in Plastic Surgery. Discussion centers on plastic surgeons in private practice in ambulatory facilities and those scheduling time for OR in hospital facilities using local anesthetics while accommodating patient comfort and absence of side-effects post general anesthesia. Presented in this publication are the most common plastic surgeries that can be done under local anesthesia, each with a discussion of the optimal anesthetic, method of administration, and dosage. Video of the procedure or portion of the procedure, as applicable, accompanies the techniques along with a surgical case. The goal of this issue is to provide a concise reference for surgeons' planning surgeries to review and perhaps adapt currently used methods with this latest information on local anesthetics. Surgical Technique is provided in detail with full analysis of Patient Selection and Planning, Complications and Post-procedure Care. Contents include Complications; Basic Science of Locals; Skin Grafts and Flaps; Peripheral Nerve; Foot Surgery; Breast Surgery; Liposuction; Hand Trauma; Oculoplastic Surgery; Ear Surgery; Hair Transplantation; among others.

This issue of Clinics in Perinatology will carry the reader through the perinatal period and examine pain management throughout that continuum. Beginning with the genetics of obstetrical pain and opioid use in pregnancy, the discussion moves to the provision of anesthesia to the mother and fetus during fetal surgery - an area of intense concern and interest in many centers. There is an extensive discussion of both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management of pain during delivery. A discussion of regional anesthetic techniques is increasingly relevant in light of increasing evidence of adverse neurodevelopmental consequences of fetal exposure to general anesthetics and sedatives. Pain, its implications and management, are extensively covered including discussions of how to assess neonatal pain and how best to provide sedation and non-pharmacologic pain management, systemic pharmacologic, or regional techniques. Of particular interest are the reviews of the potential neurodevelopmental impact of both the treatment and the failure to adequately treat pain in the newborn. This topic is receiving an enormous amount of attention from all those who care for children as well as government and the media.

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics covers the latest updates in obstetric and gynecologic anesthesia written by the world-leading experts on the topic. Procedurally-focused articles cover best practices in chronic pain management, the role of magnesium in labor and delivery, advanced airway procedures, epidural analgesia, amniotic fluid embolism and more. Achieve the best outcomes and keep current on this area of anesthesia practice.

A complete review of anesthesia for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon Topics in this issue include anesthesia training, determining the appropriate oral surgery anesthesia modality, setting and team, pre-, intra-, and post-operative anesthesia assessment and monitoring, anesthesia equipment, airway evaluation, common medical illnesses that affect anesthesia, pharmacology of intravenous medications and local anesthetics, pediatric sedation and anesthesia, pulmonary and respiratory anesthetic complications, cardiovascular anesthetic complications, endocrine anesthetic complications, and more

From basic concepts to state-of-the-art techniques, Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Companion to Kaplan's Cardiac Anesthesia helps you master everything you need to know to effectively diagnose and monitor your cardiothoracic surgery patients. Comprehensive coverage and unsurpassed visual guidance make this companion to Kaplan s Cardiac Anesthesia a must for anesthesiologists, surgeons, and nurse anesthetists who need to be proficient in anesthesia care. "a powerful learning tool." Reviewed by: JH Rosser and GH Mills, Sheffield on behalf of British Journal of Anaesthesia, December 2015 Recognize the Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) images you see in practice by comparing them to abundant 2D and 3D images, as well as an extensive online library of moving (cine) images. Learn from acknowledged leaders in the field of cardiac anesthesiology - Drs. David L. Reich and Gregory W. Fischer. See how to address specific clinical situations with detailed case studies and discussions of challenging issues. Access the complete contents and videos online at Expert Consult.

Part memoir, part history, part journalistic expose, Trip is a look at psychedelic drugs, literature, and alienation from one of the twenty-first century's most innovative novelists--The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test for a new generation. A Vintage Original. While reeling from one of the most creative--but at times self-destructive--outpourings of his life, Tao Lin discovered the strange and exciting work of Terence McKenna. McKenna, the leading advocate of psychedelic drugs since Timothy Leary, became for Lin both an obsession and a revitalizing force. In Trip, Lin's first book-length work of nonfiction, he charts his recovery from pharmaceutical drugs, his surprising and positive change in worldview, and his four-year engagement with some of the hardest questions: Why do we make art? Is the world made of language? What happens when we die? And is the imagination more real than the universe? In exploring these ideas and detailing his experiences with psilocybin, DMT, salvia, and cannabis, Lin takes readers on a trip through nature, his own past, psychedelic culture, and the unknown.

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics covers the latest updates in cardiovascular anesthesia written by the world-leading experts on the topic. Procedurally-focused articles cover best practices in fluid and blood management, mechanical circulation support, anesthesia for robotic surgery, adult congenital heart surgery, transplantation and more. Achieve the best outcomes and keep current on this area of anesthesia practice.

Evidence-based medicine is a concept that is at the forefront of anaesthesia. Clinicians are increasingly encouraged to practise patient management based on available evidence in the scientific literature. For example, new anaesthesia methods, e.g. regional anaesthesia, are being used more frequently based on case studies that show the efficacy and cost-savings associated with the treatment. Additionally, considering that many anaesthetists are required to cover a range of areas, information discussing proven methods as well as pitfalls to avoid are valuable to all those working in the field.
This book provides a detailed summary of the most important trials and studies in anaesthesia, ranging from neuroanaesthesia and anaesthesia for transplant, to paediatric and thoracic anaesthesia, allowing the reader to rapidly extract key results. Each chapter is written by a prominent anaesthetist in that particular field, and papers have been selected on a number of criteria, included impact factor, authors' choices, or even because the conclusions reached do not indicate best practice. With this wealth of information collected into this newest volume in the 'Landmark Papers in' series, Landmark Papers in Anaesthesia is essential reading for all practicing anaesthetists.

Chronischer Beckenbodenschmerz (CPPS) ist ein vorwiegend in der Urologie beheimatetes Krankheitsbild, das aber haufig auch interdisziplinar auftreten kann und dann fachubergreifend diagnostiziert und behandelt werden muss. Walter Merkle betrachtet in diesem UEberblick vor allem die urologischen Erscheinungsformen, arbeitet jedoch die interdisziplinaren Zusammenhange ein. Er pladiert an die AErzteschaft, das Krankheitsbild des CPPS verstarkt zu beachten, da dieses oft unzureichend diagnostiziert und behandelt wird. Essentiell ist dabei, sich von der alleinigen Sichtweise aus dem Fachgebiet der Urologie zu loesen und sich unbedingt interdisziplinar auf Empathie, Psychosomatik und Osteopathie sowie Biofeedbacktherapie einzulassen, um erfolgreich diagnostizieren und behandeln zu koennen. Der Autor: Dr. Walter Merkle war im Fachbereich Urologie der Deutschen Klinik fur Diagnostik GmbH in Wiesbaden tatig.

This issue of Sleep Medicine Clinics, Guest Edited by Frances Chung, MBBS FRCPC of the University of Toronto, will focus on Sleep and Neurorehabilitation. Article topics will include Sleep and Anesthesia; Neurobiology, Medicine, and Society; Upper airway, OSA and anesthesia; Positions, sleep and anesthesia; Sleep Deprivation, OSA and inflammation; Preoperative Screening for OSA; and PAP therapy for perioperative patients.

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics covers the latest updates in trauma anesthesia written by the world-leading experts on the topic. Procedurally-focused articles cover best practices in video-assisted intubation devices, coagulation and hemorrhagic shock, homoestatis control, multiple casualties, massive bleeding and more. Achieve the best outcomes and keep current on this area of anesthesia practice.

Basic Anesthesiology Examination Review is a high-yield, streamlined study aid specifically designed for Anesthesiology residents preparing for the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) Basic Anesthesiology Exam. Chapters deliver succinct and efficiently communicated summaries of all content listed in the ABA exam outline, plus highlighted key facts, mneomnics, and relevant images and diagrams. Chapters conclude with board-style practice questions and annotated answers, followed by key references and further reading. With this book as a guide, readers will be able to efficiently prepare for the Basic Anesthesiology Examination and master the key facts and concepts that provide the scientific roundation for the practice of Anesthesiology.

Opioids have been used as analgesics for many years, and their use in the management of acute pain related to trauma and surgery is well established. However, patients with persisting pain need a pain management plan that brings relief of symptoms without adverse effects in both the short and longer terms. The prescribing of opioids for chronic non-cancer pain has increased substantially since the first edition of this pocketbook was published, prompting considerable debate regarding the appropriateness of prescribing for this indication and the potential harms to individuals and to society that may result from this trend. This second edition of Opioids in Non-Cancer Pain brings clinicians up to date on the current use of opioid drugs in patients with non-cancer pain, and highlights the potential benefits of therapy as well as the problems that can occur. The edition includes new chapters on the history of opioids to help contextualize the following discussions, and a new chapter covering the emerging field of pharmacogenomics which provides explanations for differing responsiveness to opioids and propensity to adverse effects. An international perspective on opioid prescribing trends is also a valuable new addition.

Most people have back surgery to relieve pain, but all too often it doesn't help. For the half million people who undergo back surgery each year, and the additional million who are seriously contemplating it, Do You Really Need Back Surgery?, Second Edition, is a godsend-an informed, reliable guide to when you should consider surgery and when you should not. Written by an internationally recognized expert in nerve and spinal surgery, this highly readable guide covers everything back patients need to know to make informed decisions about their treatment. The book discusses the details of spinal anatomy; explains the difference between acute, chronic, and recurring pain; shows how to keep the spine healthy; and defines such terms as spurs, stenosis, and slippage. It also reveals what clues your physician uses to predict whether a given type of pain is likely to go away with rest and exercise, and which types may become emergencies. Dr. Filler discusses the risks of surgery, the decisions you may be faced with and what options you have, and your expectations for recovery. He provides detailed explanations of the wide array of spinal injections and surgeries, including discectomies and fusions, as well as innovative procedures such as electrothermic and laser techniques and artificial disks. He explains the various medical imaging and diagnostic tests available and even covers the complexities of health insurance. The new and extensively revised edition of this book is expanded to cover the impact of dozens of new advanced technologies in spinal diagnostics and treatment that have emerged in the eight years since the original very successful edition. Advances in new types of pain medications and new types of surgeries that minimize recovery time and achieve better outcomes are explained. In addition, this book examines the problems in the case of a few new devices in spinal surgery where money from medical device manufacturers has led to distorted research that had to be withdrawn. A major change from the previous edition is the inclusion of two chapters that describe a series of different nerve entrapment syndromes that can cause headache, neck, shoulder and arm pain as well as causing buttock and leg pain - but are not caused by spine problems. This includes information about piriformis syndrome causing sciatic, thoracic outlet syndrome causing shoulder and neck pain and about pudendal nerve entrapments causing groin and pelvis pains. From Pilates to pedicle screws, and from osteoporosis to spina bifida, Do You Really Need Back Surgery?, Second Edition, covers all the questions your doctor usually doesn't have the time to answer. Featuring almost 100 illustrations, it is an essential manual for every neck or back pain sufferer.

Each volume in the 'Advances' series focuses on topics that are most critical and clinically relevant to improving patient care. Experts write articles, and give the practitioner and student fresh, thorough viewpoints on the topic's significance.

Pain Medicine, a relatively new specialty, has proven increasingly relevant to medical practitioners in every field. The specialism of pain has emerged over the past 50 years, largely due to the persistence of experts and new medical evidence that points to its necessity. Today, it is a distinct and integral part of global medical practice. Landmark Papers in Pain offers a comprehensive inventory of over 80 key studies in pain medicine from the last 100 years. Each paper is accompanied by a concise commentary on the significance of the original findings written by an expert in pain. The reviews discuss how the paper influenced the development of the speciality, and how the findings have advanced our global comprehension of pain. Together, the selected papers and reviews chart the growth of an embryonic field into the modern speciality of pain medicine. Complied by leading specialists in the field, the papers included in this book are significant for any student, researcher, clinical practitioner, or medical historian interested in pain medicine. Organised into eight distinct topics and cross-referenced by topics and author of original paper, the book is comprehensive in its coverage and easy to use. A review of the contemporary and historical research that shaped the speciality of pain, Landmark Papers in Pain is essential reading for all medical practitioners with an interest in pain medicine.

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics covers essential topics in the post anesthesia care unit. Management of pain, delirium, acute renal failure, arrhythmias, and several post anesthesia complications are covered. Both adult and pediatric issues are addressed.

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics provides essential updates in neurosurgical anesthesia. Topics include anesthesia for endovascular neurosurgery; interventional neuroradiology; neuroimaging; anesthetic management of patients with acute stroke; perioperative management of pediatric patients; anesthetic neurotoxicity; airway management in neuroanesthesiology; anesthetic considerations for awake craniotomy for epilepsy; perioperative uses of trans cranial perfusion monitoring; monitoring and introaoperative management of elevated ICP and decompressive craniectomy; electrophysiologic monitoring in neurosurgery; traumatic brain injury; perioperative pain management in the neurosurgical patient; controversies in neurosciences critical care; sleep and mechanisms of anesthesia; and impacts on outcome after neuroanesthesia.