This revised edition of Adam Wall's 1798 guide to the formal ceremonies of the University of Cambridge - written by Henry Gunning (1764-1854), at the time Senior Esquire Bedell, and published in 1828 - was intended to help 'that very numerous Class, who are desirous of proceeding to their degrees, but are utterly at a loss what steps to take for that purpose'. It goes through the academic year, from Michaelmas Day to the 'Public Commencement' in July, explains the procedure for electing or appointing the university officers, from the Member of Parliament to the 'School-keeper and Bell-ringer', and lists the various fees (including Stamp Duty) payable by the students before proceeding to their degrees. Gunning expressed 'sincere acknowledgements to the Syndics of the Press for their liberality in defraying the expenses of this publication', testifying to close co-operation between the Press and the University on this fascinating project.

Adam Sedgwick (1785 1873) was Professor of Geology at Cambridge from 1818, and in 1819 helped to found the Cambridge Philosophical Society. The 'Discourse' at the heart of this book first appeared in 1833. In it he urged students to develop their characters in this 'place of sound learning and Christian education'. He describes the subjects studied in the university - the 'laws of nature', ancient literature and language, and ethics and metaphysics - and their purpose in the service of God. By the time this fifth edition was published in 1850, however, the book had (as Charles Darwin put it in a letter to the author) 'wonderfully grown', with a Preface of 422 pages and an appendix, ranging very widely over the scientific and philosophical debates of the day, as well as ethics and religion. It provides a fascinating overview of a period of scientific revolution for historians of science and education.

This is the last of four books on the history of Cambridge University by the distinguished historian and Fellow of Trinity College D.A. Winstanley, first published in 1947. It covers the period from 1860 to 1882, when new University Statutes resulting from the Royal Commission were implemented in the face of considerable opposition. The author records with evident satisfaction that during this period a number of important reforms were finally achieved. The book is meticulously researched and documented, but Winstanley's energy, enthusiasm, and taste for quirky detail is evident throughout. He describes allegations of a college Mastership obtained 'by crooked means', the University's unpopular power to arrest and imprison young women on suspicion of prostitution, the real reasons behind the ban on college Fellows marrying, how the stringent religious tests were eventually relaxed, and how educational standards were raised by measures including better teaching, restructured subject areas, and tougher examinations.

Denys Arthur Winstanley (1877 1947), was a Fellow of Trinity College from 1906 until his death. His work included four important books on the history of the University of Cambridge between 1750 and 1882. This volume describes the many reforms to the educational system made during the early Victorian period: changes in college and university statutes, reform of the examinations, the foundation of Downing College and of Regius Professorships. Adopting an episodic rather than chronological approach, he is able to tease out specific controversies of the period such as a contested change of Mastership in Trinity, or the struggle for power in the Fitzwilliam Museum Syndicate. The extensive historical research in this book means that it holds its value today as a reliable source of information for historians of education in the early nineteenth century.

This vintage book by the distinguished historian D.A. Winstanley describes Cambridge University in the eighteenth century, a period supposedly characterised by lazy, drunken students, academics preoccupied with their own advancement, and institutionalised resistance to reform. Winstanley's objective was to discover how such a state of affairs came about, and was able to continue for so long. His book is a gold-mine of facts, anecdotes and contemporary descriptions of life at Cambridge. The author explains how Fellows and Professors were elected, how students chose their colleges, and how teaching was organised. Fellows were not permitted to marry, and graduation involved assenting to Anglicanism. There are accounts of bribery, blackmail and brawls. However, amid the morass of 'torpidity', energetic and right-thinking individuals emerged to challenge the status quo and promote educational and institutional reforms.

The formal ceremonies at Cambridge University can seem esoteric and baffling to newcomers and visitors. This 1926 publication answers questions including: what happens during the installation of the Chancellor of the University? What were the historical duties of the proctors? When and why did the square cap worn by the undergraduate originate? Who are the Esquire Bedells, and what is the traditional order at Degree Congregations? H. P. Stokes attends in turn to the main topics surrounding Cambridge traditions, including points of etiquette, historical origins, important personnel and academic dress. Clearly organised for ease of reference, the book is also illustrated throughout with historical photographs.

First published in 1934, this historical survey of the application of the Poor Law in Cambridgeshire covers the period from its codification under Queen Elizabeth I to the Amendment Act of 1834. Resulting from the author's extensive analysis of parish records, accounts and court proceedings, the examination of a largely agricultural county marks it out from many other such studies. Cambridgeshire is a unique area; although under a strong metropolitan influence due to its geographical proximity to London and its links to the capital via the University of Cambridge, it contains few towns or large villages. The scattered population meant efforts to group areas for the purposes of administration during the period in question were largely unsuccessful. Instead, E.M. Hampson's study reveals that local autonomy led to large variations in the application of the Poor Law.

Originally published in 1920, this digest of medieval records provides a source of reference for the baronial, honorial and manorial history of Cambridgeshire. It draws on materials including the Domesday Survey, the Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiae and a variety of eleventh- and twelfth-century texts to produce abbreviated summaries of the feudal records of the county. It indicates the size of each county subdivision and lists the respective honours and baronies under which the land was held. An index of names and places, together with a general index, allow for easy access to the content. The book remains a useful resource for medievalists and local historians today.

'Grace books' were the volumes in which scribes recorded decisions of the administration of the University of Cambridge during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Many of the 'graces' concern the conferral of degrees on individuals, but others refer to more general University business including appointment of teachers and preachers, leaves of absence, inventories and financial records, and the resolution of disputes. The manuscript of Grace Book D covers the years from 1542 to 1589 in its first 160 pages, which are transcribed here. This edition was first published in 1910, with an introduction by John Venn, who points out that during the later sixteenth century many constitutional elements of the university took shape which persisted until the Victorian reforms. The documents in this volume constitute a valuable resource for those researching British history and institutions in the later Tudor period.

The Rev. Joseph Romilly (1791-1864) was a bachelor clergyman of the Church of England, a Fellow of Trinity College, and from 1832 to 1861, Registrary of the University of Cambridge. He kept a regular diary from 1829 to his death, and this selection, introduced and edited by J. P. T. Bury, covers the years 1832-1842. Romilly was a cultured and travelled man of means; he met many of the ablest scholars and leaders of his day, and was a welcome guest in great houses. This volume, which begins in the year of Romilly's election as Registrary, is a unique record of Cambridge before the Royal Commission of 1852, with many valuable sidelights on nineteenth-century society and on intellectual life - or the more relaxed side of it.

First published in 1943, T. R. Glover's reminiscences of his Cambridge world depict university life in the late nineteenth century. Looking back over the centuries of Cambridge, Glover describes how the university and its colleges first came into being - a result, he says, of 'the interplay of human needs, human passions and human hopes.' He recalls the colourful characters he met, from his tutor at St John's College - 'at once a terror and a delight' - to the many outstanding scholars and teachers who educated and influenced him. Glover captures the essence of undergraduate life as he knew it, which perhaps, as he says, had not fundamentally changed in three centuries. This book provides a fascinating glimpse into a bygone age which will still resonate with the modern reader.

This War Record, first published in 1920, gives the military service details of the 252 Cambridge University Press employees who joined the armed forces during the First World War. The records are of variable length, with the most comprehensive giving the employee's full name, the regiments in which he served, the areas where he was based, positions held, promotions received and injuries sustained. Out of the 41 employees who lost their lives, photographic portraits of 40 are included. From advertisement department worker Vincent Cummings, killed by a sniper in 1917 while carrying an injured comrade to safety, to Charles Woods, a member of the Press Secretary's department who survived the Somme, Arras, Ypres, Cambrai and Mons, the records pay a moving tribute to the men who risked their lives to serve their country during the First World War.

Christopher Wordsworth (1848 1938), was a great-nephew of the poet, and part of a Victorian dynasty of Cambridge academics. In this book, published in 1877, he describes the state of the English universities in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, before the reforms following the 1852 Royal Commission. He reviews the historic areas of study from the arts and mathematics to the 'trivials' - grammar, logic and rhetoric - and discusses the introduction of more recent disciplines such as physics, anatomy, chemistry, mineralogy and botany. His stated aim is to preserve an account of 'the methods and processes of University Study through which were educated the minds which have done so much to make our University and our Country what they are'. A companion volume, Wordsworth's Social Life at the English Universities in the Eighteenth Century is also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection.

Universities everywhere strive to enhance resources to improve facilities, increase staffing, provide bursaries for students and expand research capacity. As one of the world's oldest and greatest universities, the University of Cambridge has throughout its 800 years cultivated and received philanthropic support from many sources. This volume, originally published in 1904, details university endowments from the thirteenth century onward. The first major donation, from Nigel de Thornton, was land for part of the site of the University Library. This was soon followed by a fund bequeathed by Eleanor of Castile for the support of poor students - confirming how key priorities have not changed over so many years. This ambitious volume catalogues benefactions, grants, foundations, memorial funds and much more. Explanations are given for how these endowments have helped establish and maintain many of the University's fine libraries, museums and historic buildings as well as supporting its students and staff.

William Cunningham (1849 1919) was one of the most eminent economic historians of his generation. The author of The Growth of English Industry and Commerce (1882) is seen in a different role in this very approachable and informative set of talks. Early in his career, Cunningham worked as an extension lecturer, and in these six lectures given to teachers on aspects of local history he displays great flair in communicating how history can be brought to life in the classroom. From the creation of the fen landscape in prehistoric times to the historic buildings of its towns, Cunningham explains the unique position and history of Cambridgeshire as a county distinct from its neighbours. He shows teachers how to inspire an interest in history in their pupils by engaging with the parts they can recognise: the surviving buildings, landscapes and traditions of their county, an approach still successful in schools today.

In the original statutes of the University of Cambridge, the Faculties of Physic, Theology and Law had the same formal status. The development of the teaching of medicine at Cambridge over the next 700 years was, however, neither rapid nor smooth. The first recorded medical degrees were awarded in the 1460s; a Professorship of Physic was finally endowed in 1540 by Henry VIII. Sadly, early holders of this Regius Chair generally gave priority to the pursuit of their own interests over the burden of educating medical students. It was the 1817 appointment of Dr John Haviland that ushered in the modern era of medical education and research at Cambridge. This history, first published in 1932, describes the stages in this process, focusing on the individuals who were key to its success and who laid the foundations for the respected clinical school and leading medical research laboratories of Cambridge today.

S. C. Roberts, a senior officer of Cambridge University Press as Secretary to the Press Syndicate, wrote several works for Cambridge, including a history of the Press and this handy visitors' guide to the University. After its first publication in 1934, this book went through a number of editions and was thoroughly updated after the Second World War. Roberts introduces the reader to the University from within, covering its history, its finest buildings, the way the University was run and the daily life of the undergraduate. The informal style makes this a highly entertaining introduction to the Cambridge of the 1930s and 40s: the entrance examination, the midnight curfew for undergraduates, the then new University Library, and the systems of governance. For everyone connected with Cambridge, this little book provides fascinating insights into what has and has not changed in the ancient university city since the Second World War.

Thomas Baker (1656-1740) spent most of his long life at St John's College, Cambridge pursuing historical research. He was also an avid book collector, and bequeathed his valuable library to the college. His writings included a history of the college, which was edited by John Mayor and published in 1869. Volume 1 begins with an account of the founding of the college in 1511, and goes on to list donors and details of their endowments, and the first scholars of the college. It also contains information about ordinances, petitions, and important individuals. Baker's sources include written documentation (for example the 'thick black book' and the 'white vellum book') as well as oral traditions. His work is not merely a register of dates and numbers, but a fascinating account of two centuries of committed work and political manoeuvres underlying the later success of this rich and influential college.

Thomas Baker (1656 1740) spent most of his long life at St John's College, Cambridge pursuing historical research. He was also an avid book collector, and bequeathed his valuable library to the college. His writings included a history of the college, which was edited by John Mayor and published in 1869. Volume 2, to which Mayor made a substantial contribution in his own right, is devoted to the Masters of the college between 1511 and 1840, and includes short biographies and anecdotes about their lives at Cambridge. It describes visits by royalty, disputes with the authorities, appeals against elections, details of salaries, and more domestic matters such as policies on tobacco-smoking and the production of plays in the library. It makes fascinating reading for those interested in Cambridge, the history of education and the lives of these distinguished scholars and the society in which they moved.

This record of the Statutes of Cambridge University, compiled by the then University Registrary, John Neville Keynes (father of the economist John Maynard Keynes), and published in 1914, was intended as a statement of the legal instruments which controlled the organisation and day-to-day running of the university. Following the Royal Commission of inquiry into the universities of Oxford and Cambridge begun in 1850, a succession of Acts and Orders in Council, beginning with the Cambridge University Act of 1856, began to modernise the ancient rules by which the university and colleges had previously governed themselves, and to introduce new subjects, such as law, history, oriental languages and engineering, into the curriculum. Although the statutes have been much altered since then, the form of government of the university which they embodied still exists as a framework today.

The historian and writer Thomas Fuller (1608 1661) published his 11-volume Church-History of Britain in 1655, together with an appendix volume, the History of the University of Cambridge Since the Conquest. A stand-alone edition of this appendix was prepared with corrections and clarifications by Marmaduke Prickett, chaplain of Trinity College and Thomas Wright, the prolific author of books on the middle ages, and appeared in 1840. This historic account is now republished, offering detailed and lively insights into the university's origins, roots and traditions. It also provides an informed commentary, sometimes biting, sometimes fantastic, on the university's complex relationship with the church, Oxford and the town authorities of Cambridge. Anyone interested in English history from William the Conqueror to Charles I, through plague, upheavals and civil war, or in the development of university education, will enjoy this classic book.

The Hanoverian succession of 1714 brought about a 123-year union between Britain and the German electorate of Hanover, ushering in a distinct new period in British history. Under the four Georges and William IV Britain became arguably the most powerful nation in the world with a growing colonial Empire, a muscular economy and an effervescent artistic, social and scientific culture. And yet history has not tended to be kind to the Hanoverians, frequently portraying them as petty-minded and boring monarchs presiding over a dull and inconsequential court, merely the puppets of parliament and powerful ministers. In order both to explain and to challenge such a paradox, this collection looks afresh at the Georgian monarchs and their role, influence and legacy within Britain, Hanover and beyond. Concentrating on the self-representation and the perception of the Hanoverians in their various dominions, each chapter shines new light on important topics: from rivalling concepts of monarchical legitimacy and court culture during the eighteenth century to the multi-confessional set-up of the British composite monarchy and the role of social groups such as the military, the Anglican Church and the aristocracy in defining and challenging the political order. As a result, the volume uncovers a clearly defined new style of Hanoverian kingship, one that emphasized the Protestantism of the dynasty, laid great store by rational government in close collaboration with traditional political powers, embraced army and navy to an unheard of extent and projected this image to audiences on the British Isles, in the German territories and in the colonies alike. Three hundred years after the succession of the first Hanoverian king, an intriguing new perspective of a dynasty emerges, challenging long held assumptions and prejudices.

This book explores why English Christians, from the early modern period onwards, believed that their nation had a special mission to restore the Jews to Palestine. It examines English support for Jewish restoration from the Whitehall Conference in 1655 through to public debates on the Jerusalem Bishopric in 1841. Rather than claiming to replace Israel as God's "elect nation", England was "chosen" to have a special, but inferior, relationship with the Jews. Believing that God "blessed those who bless" the Jewish people, this national role allowed England to atone for ill-treatment of Jews, read the confusing pathways of providence, and guarantee the nation's survival until Christ's return. This book analyses this mode of national identity construction and its implications for understanding Christian views of Jews, the self, and "the other". It offers a new understanding of national election, and of the relationship between apocalyptic prophecy and political action.

With a focus on England from the accession of Elizabeth I to the mid-1620s, this book examines the practice of direct, scholarly disputation between fundamentally opposing and oftentimes antagonistic Catholic, Protestant and nonconformist puritan divines. Introducing a form of discourse hitherto neglected in studies of religious controversy, the volume works to rehabilitate a body of material only previously examined as part of the great, subjective mass of polemic produced in the wake of the Reformation. In so doing, it argues that public religious disputation - debate between opposing clergymen, arranged according to strict academic formulae - can offer new insights into contemporary beliefs, thought processes and conceptions of religious identity, as well as an accessible and dramatic window into the major theological controversies of the age. Formal disputation crossed confessional lines, and here provides an opportunity for a broad, comparative analysis. More than any other type of interaction or material, these encounters - and the dialogic accounts they produced - displayed the shared methods underpinning religious divisions, allowing Catholic and reformed clergymen to meet on the same field. The present volume asserts the significance of public religious disputation (and accounts thereof) in this regard, and explores their use of formal logic, academic procedure and recorded dialogue form to bolster religious controversy. In this, it further demonstrates how we might begin to move from the surviving source material for these encounters to the events themselves, and how the disputations then offer a remarkable new glimpse into the construction, rationalization and expression of post-Reformation religious argument.