Post-tensioning is the most versatile form of pre stressing, a technique which enables engineers to make the most effective use of the material properties of concrete, and so to design structural elements which are strong, slender and efficient. Design in post-tensioned concrete is not difficult and, if done properly, can contribute significantly to the economy and the aesthetic qualities of a building. Post-tensioned floors have found widespread use in office buildings and car park structures, and are also frequently employed in warehouses and public buildings. However, in spite of this, most prestressed concrete texts devote comparatively little attention to floors, concentrating instead on beam elements. This book answers the need for a comprehensive treatment of post-tensioned floor design.

This book provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of durability of the frost resistance of concrete. It will enable both concrete materials specialists and practising engineers to better understand the deterioration processes which take place during freezing and thawing, and the effects of de-icing salts on concrete. It shows how test procedures can be used to provide worthwhile information and explains the many problems associated with their use. Durability of Concrete in Cold Climates explains how concrete can be designed and produced to be durable in cold environments, through careful selection of materials, mixture composition and proper use of air entrainment. It is fully illustrated with photographs and diagrams and contains over 250 references to sources and other publications. The main topics covered are: theories of frost ction and de-icer salt scaling mechanisms; laboratory tests; influence of materials and mix characteristics; air entrainment; field performance; and frost durability of dry concretes.

Author Ian Cramb was a fifth-generation stonemason who relied on traditional methods to create and restore beautiful stone structures. In this do-it-yourself manual for homeowners, masonry contractors, and restoration specialists, Cramb drew on his fifty years of life experience in the craft to cover restoration techniques for historic structures in the U.S. and Britain. The book covers various types of stone, stone-cutting, and traditional mortar mixes for walls, foundations, and buildings.

It brings together, in a concise format, the key elements of the loads produced from explosive sources, how they interact with structures and the way structures respond to them. Explosive sources include gas, high explosives, dust and nuclear materials.
It presents quantitative information and design methods in a useable form without recourse to extensive mathematical analysis. The authors, Peter Smith and John Hetherington, are staff members at the Royal Military College of Science in Shrivenham and have been instrumental in establishing an active group comprising lecturing and research staff concerned with the response of structures to blast and ballistic loading.
Comprehensive coverage of a wide threat spectrum
Accessible style supported by relevant worked examples

This text provides a review of the properties and use of the principal chemical admixtures for concrete, including over 250 references to key literature sources. Coverage of each admixture follows a standard format, so the reader is able to find relevant information on each type easily. The introductory chapter explains the interaction of admixtures in the cement-water system. The following four chapters deal with admixtures in common use: air extraining admixtures; hardening accelerators; high-range water reducers (superplasticizers); water reducing/retarding admixtures. Less commonly used admixtures are also discussed, including topics for special applications: anti-washout admixtures for underwater concrete; corrosion inhibitors; gas forming admixtures; pumping aids; shotcrete admixtures. This book should be of interest to concrete technologists worldwide in cement companies, ready mixed and precast concrete suppliers; admixture manufacturers (CAA members in UK); civil engineers; researchers and academics in civil engineering departments.

This book attempts to look into the genesis of security culture as a concept which emerged with the recognition of the role of the human factor in the context of security. It traces the rapid evolution of security culture into a multi-functional discipline reinforced by supplementary tools such as assessment and enhancement methodologies, reviews practical steps to harmonize nuclear safety and security culture as well as recommends its practical application to address insider threats and their consequences. In addition, it demonstrates how to tailor the generic model of nuclear security culture to meet specific needs of diverse facilities and activities in different countries. Finally, the book discusses several challenges which need to be addressed to make security culture a user-friendly, universal, and sustainable instrument to turn the perception of the human factor as a liability into an asset of nuclear security.

This book forms the Proceedings of the International Seminar held by the Institution of Structural Engineers and the Building Research Establishment in Brighton in April 1993. It brings together contributions from 15 countries on recent innovations in building and construction. Developments in the design of structures, improvements in existing materials and the introduction of new materials have historically gone hand-in-hand. The limited range of materials available for construction at any one time dictates the practical range of structural form and performance. It follows that current design methods, materials and construction techniques may not be suitable to meet the demands of particular applications. The introduction of a new material, or new practice may move the performance of the construction away from that which is reasonably well understood in the existing population of structures. By so doing, it may also lead to behaviour which cannot be adequately predicted by the current design methods. Developments such as these therefore bring risks as well as benefits. Innovations required to meet the clients' needs can also have a profound effect on the built environment. It is i

Ferrocement is a versatile, construction material, with applications in low cost housing, rehabilitation, strengthening and repair of structures, especially in the developing world. The material can also be used in more advanced constructions for thin shell structures. This book forms the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Ferrocement. It presents the latest developments in research and application of the material and should serve as a useful reference for all those interested in the material. This includes both researchers in all parts of the world, but also those responsible for low cost housing and construction in developing countries, in South America, Africa and the Far East. This book should be of interest to researchers concerned with building materials, government and international agencies involved with low cost housing, and repair specialists, consultants, contractors and material suppliers.

With the growth in export markets for mechanical/electrical services and the expansion of international contracting, it has become more and more important that an agreed international vocabulary is settled for the many specialist terms and descriptions involved in the industry. Heating, ventilating and air conditioning are among the more complex specializations within the construction industry, making the need for an internationally agreed vocabulary even greater. "The International Dictionary of Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning" is the result of a collaborative effort by an international panel of professional engineers set up by REHVA. Each member of the panel has considerable experience in this specialist engineering field and is responsible for the terms in his own mother tongue, thus ensuring the accuracy and general acceptability of the terms and translations given. The dictionary comprises two major divisions. The main sequence of the book consists of some 4,000 terms given in English, in alphabetical order, with their translations. The remainder of the book consists of alphabetical indexes for the other eleven languages covered: French, German, Italian, Danish, Finn

Sports grounds are valuable assets which need to be constructed and maintained properly for the particular sport or sports they serve in order that they perform consistently well. This detailed, practical guide provides information on the construction and maintenance of sports grounds. In part one, the text explores the extent to which games differ in their requirements and how these various requirements can be met by growing grass in natural, modified or specifically constructed soils. Drainage design and choice of materials are first explored theoretically, but this then leads on to a relatively simple, cost effective approach to design, based on careful choice of a limited range of precisely defined but readily available materials. In the second part, the general principles are applied to specific examples of modern construction, described in detail sufficient to form the basis of actual specifications. The examples cover the construction and maintenance of grass pitches suitable for vigorous winter games such as rugby and soccer, contrasted with construction for golf and bowls where the nature of the game requires fine turf. Hockey and cricket are treated as games somewhat inte

Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete is a major problem, with serious implications for structural integrity and durability. Bridges and marine structures are particularly susceptible due to the more chemically aggressive environmental conditions that prevail. Hence there is a need to examine the durability, strength characteristics and suitability of alternative materials to steel reinforcement. This book provides a thorough overview of recent developments and applications in this area of growing importance. This book should be of interest to structural and civil engineers involved in the design and construction of concrete structures; materials researchers investigating durability and strength of reinforcing materials; and advanced students in these fields.

This book forms the proceedings of the International RILEM Workshop held in Paisley in March 1993. It contains contributions on theoretical and practical aspects of the use of special concretes, with a particular focus on their behaviour in the fresh state. A significant and increasing proportion of concrete mixes differ considerably from ordinary mixes. These are used where high performance is needed or for special applications, such as high strength concrete, underwater concrete, flowing concrete, sprayed concrete. Mixes containing fibres, silica fume, polymers, special aggregates and cements, also demand a different approach to normal practice, such as the use of modified mixing equipment. Outstanding performance of special concretes can be achieved but successful applications depend strongly on the behaviour of the mixes when fresh. At present there is insufficient guidance on the properties, specification, methods of assessment and compliance testing of fresh special concrete. This book brings together expert contributions in this fast developing field and aims to assist civil engineering and concrete technologists concerned with improving the quantity and economy of construct

This book provides a comprehensive guide to the successful use of steel in building and will form a unique source of inspiration and reference for all those concerned with architecture in steel.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203362187

This book presents Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Networks (ICISN 2022), held at Hanoi in Vietnam. It includes peer reviewed high quality articles on Intelligent System and Networks. It brings together professionals and researchers in the area and presents a platform for exchange of ideas and to foster future collaboration. The topics covered in this book include- Foundations of Computer Science; Computational Intelligence Language and speech processing; Software Engineering Software development methods; Wireless Communications Signal Processing for Communications; Electronics track IoT and Sensor Systems Embedded Systems; etc.

This book tackles the problem of complexity within IT environments, i.e., "Cybercomplexity," which is generally recognized as a principal source of cybersecurity risk. The book first defines complexity and simplifies its analysis by assuming a probabilistic approach to security risk management. It then proposes a simple model of cybercomplexity that is based on Shannon entropy, a basic concept in information theory. The key drivers of cybercomplexity emerge from this model, where these drivers reveal the scale-dependence of cybersecurity risk and explain why macroscopic security controls are required to address cybersecurity risk on an enterprise scale. The significant operational implications of cybercomplexity are also discussed, thereby providing both a theoretical framework and a practical guide to addressing this longstanding problem in cybersecurity risk management.

The need for demolition, repair and renewal of concrete and masonry structures is growing all over the world. In recent years natural disasters, such as earthquakes, and war activities in many countries have caused very extensive damage to urban areas. This has led to the need for effective methods of assessing structural damage, site clearance and reconstruction. This book presents and discusses worldwide technical developments in the fields of demolition and recycling. The necessary theoretical technical background has accumulated, but knowledge is not being translated into practice. In particular, information is needed on standards and guidelines to promote quick and safe demolition and reuse of concrete and masonry. RILEM has been actively involved in this field for over ten years, through the work of its Technical Committees and the organization of International Symposia. This book forms the Proceedings of the Third Symposium, held in Odense, Denmark in October 1993, and follows the earlier events in Rotterdam in 1985 and Tokyo in 1988. The book will be invaluable for civil engineers, planners, contractors and researchers, and for government authorities and specialists in urban development and disaster mitigation.

This volume details the principles underlying rapid solidification processing, material structure and properties, and their applications. This practical resource presents a manifold approach to both amorphous and crystalline rapidly solidified metallic alloys.;Written by over 30 internationally acclaimed specialists in their respective fields, Rapidly Solidified Alloys: surveys nucleation and growth studies in undercooled melts; examines various processes for the production of rapidly solidified alloys; discusses the compaction of amorphous alloys; describes surface remelting treatments for the rapid solidification of surface layers and the resultant improved workpiece properties; covers the closely related topics of structural relaxation, atomic transport and other thermally induced processes; demonstrates microstructure-property relationships in rapidly quenched crystalline alloy systems and their beneficial effects in applications; and elucidates the basic, engineeering, and applications-oriented magnetic properties of amorphous alloys.;Furnishing more than 2300 literature citations for further study of specific subjects, Rapidly Solidified Alloys is intended for materials, mechanical, product, and civil engineers; metallurgists; magneticians; physicists; physical chemists; and graduate students in these disciplines.

"Wood Preservation" is a standard reference book on the subject. This new edition covers the most important developments over the last 15 years, prompted by new research, economic and technical changes and the increasing awareness of potential hazards to health and the environment. The book is divided into 5 chapters: preservation technology; wood degradation; preservation systems; preservation chemicals and practical conservation, with separate appendices dealing with the selection of a preservation system, wood borers, and wood destroying fungi. The book is suitable for use as an introduction to wood preservation technology but will also be a resource for professionals who are either already involved in the wood preservation industry or who work with preserved wood.

Indoor Air Quality and HVAC Systems is a practical guide for understanding the relationship between the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of HVAC systems and achieving indoor air quality (IAQ). The book describes the individual components of HVAC systems and the role each plays in maintaining good indoor air quality. It also identifies the techniques available for evaluating the performance characteristics of ventilation systems (including the use of carbon dioxide monitors and sulfur hexafluoride tracer testing equipment). Other topics discussed include the determination of pathways of air movement through buildings and understanding pressure relationships, ventilation effectiveness, and efficiency. The book concludes with an overview of sources of air contaminants to be concerned about when performing an IAQ evaluation. Indoor Air Quality and HVAC Systems provides critical information for industrial hygienists, HVAC contractors and engineers, and building owners and managers.

This text presents the most recent research on fracture and damage of concrete and rock. It provides an improved understanding of the basic physical and mechanical principles of fracture mechanics in these materials with a strong view towards applications in construction engineering and mining engineering. It forms the proceedings of the international conference held in Vienna in November 1992. The background to the book comes from three main areas: fatigue and ageing of complex concrete structures have been responsible both for loss of life and for expenditure running into billions of dollars in recent decades; lack of virgin building land and high property values in cities and urban areas have led to more demolition and recycling of concrete structures, and related environmental problems; and more engineering structures are being built on and in rock mass of low quality and difficult terrain. Rock fracture mechanics has matured to a fully recognized discipline and is now being applied to problems of excavation, tunnelling, blasting and anchoring. FDCR Conferences provide a forum for international, interdisciplinary co-operation and exchange of ideas and experience between scienti

Lightweight aggregate concrete is undergoing something of a renaissance. Although this material has been available for many years, only now is it being used more widely. The volume of structural aggregate concrete used each year is increasing dramatically. Lower structural weight, better fire resistence, use of waste for aggregate, lower costs for aggregate: all these factors are contributing to the rapid increase in the use of acceptance of structural lightweight aggregate concrete. This book provides a comprehensive review of this growing field from an international perspective. This book should be of interest to structural and civil engineers involved in the design and construction of concrete structures; researchers in concrete materials design and performance.

This text consists of a series of contributions on one of the rapidly advancing subjects in the field of cement and concrete - that of the interfaces between the various components of cementious materials: cements, aggregates, fibres, reinforcement. The microstructural, chemical and physical processes that govern the behaviour of all cement-based materials are dependent on the way in which these components interact, and the powerful techniques which are commonly used in other fields of materials science are now being applied to cementitious materials. The book contains data from many of the research groups around the world dealing with this topic, and will be valuable for all those involved with research into and development of cement-based materials. It forms the proceedings of the international conference organised by RILEM Technical Committee 108 and the Laboratory for Materials and Durability of Construction at the National Institute for Applied Science, at Toulouse in France, and held in Toulouse in October 1992.