Deterioration of cement-based materials continues to result in substantially shortened lives for conventional structures due to poor performance and the need for early repair. With more advanced applications, where very long service lives are essential such as the storage of nuclear waste, understanding the degradation processes resulting in poor durability is very important. This book forms the proceedings of the latest in the series of symposia at the Materials Research Society Fall meeting in Boston dealing with cementitious materials in which the emphasis is on the chemical processes of deterioration. With contributions from leading international researchers and specialists in the field, the book provides a reference for all those concerned with current thinking on the subject.

The contributions to this book derive from the Second Cardington Conference held in March 1996 and are based on experimental work carried out on the first test structure at the LBTF, and eight-storeyed steel-framed building. They examine the role of full-size building tests in the development of structural design methods, and give recommendations on improved construction practice and safety of a building's occupants in the event of fire and explosion. Projects are covered in the fields of construction, static loading, dynamic response and the effect of fire and explosion loading. In addition, there are papers describing the future programme and other planned structures.

This text methodically demonstrates the basic rules for the design criteria of earthfill and rockfill dams. It expertly guides the reader from preliminary work through the design of various embankment dams and on to the construction and finally the control of safety in completed structures.

We spend most of our lives in buildings and almost every building is unique. The purpose of this book is to explain what buildings are and to provide an integrated overview of how they are built and sustained.
The book does not presume any specialist knowledge of buildings, seeking instead to explain why the different groups involved in designing, constructing, managing and occupying them follow certain procedures. It is particularly concerned with the generation and circulation of information between these groups. In taking this view, the book considers the recommendations of Sir Michael Latham's 1994 report Constructing the Team which called for better cohesion and communication between specialists in the construction industry.


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This book introduces practising engineers and post-graduate students to modern approaches to seismic design, with a particular focus on reinforced concrete structures, earthquake resistant design of new buildings and assessment, repair and strengthening of existing buildings. Fundamentals of engineering seismlogy are covered in the first part, including structural dynamics, calculation of structural response, energy considerations, structural configuration, static and dynamic analysis of structures under seismic actions, represented by equivalent lateral loads, or by elastic and inelastic spectra including the Eurocode 8 spectrum. The second part explains the earthquake-related properties of reinforced concrete materials, and seismic behaviour of structural members. Eurocode 8 design provisions for each type of member are presented in detail, as well as a fully worked design application. It concludes with a discussion of methods for assessing seismic performance of structures, and several case studies involving concrete buildings with frames and structural walls with and without masonry infill panels. Seismic pathology of concrete structures, assessment of seismic capacity of exist

-Showcases practical ways PreK-12 teachers can implement sustainable projects and practices in their classrooms and schools, from beginner projects (recycling, composting, gardens) to school-wide initiatives (energy audits, building community partnerships). -Includes real-world case studies from the US and elsewhere, including action photos and detailed walkthroughs of green schools in action. -Focuses on low- or no-budget projects for teachers, as well as those that foster the development of critical thinking skills, promote project-based learning, and consider the environment as a learning tool. -Includes additional resources for teachers and schools to further embed sustainability in their programs and curriculum.

The two themes of integration of structural and durability design, and integration of concrete technologies in relation to global environmental issues are drawn together in this text. It presents the views of international researchers and engineers on these key topics as the 21st century approaches. Derived from a workshop on rational design of concrete structures held in Hakodate, Japan, in August 1995, the book provides a focus for debate about the ways in which concrete technologies around the world must respond to the necessity of ensuring that concrete construction achieves higher levels of durability, and about the growing imperative to meet higher environmental standards in concrete production and use.

Although polypropylene has been marketed since the 1950s, research and development in this area is still vigorous. The consumption of polypropylene over the years has been relatively high, mainly due to the steady improvement of its property profile. Polypropylene: Structures, Blends and Composites, in three separate volumes, reflects on the key factors which have contributed to the success of polypropylene, dealing with all aspects of structure-performance relationships relevant to thermoplastic polymers and related composites. Volume 1, Structure and Morphology, deals with polymorphism in polypropylene homo- and copolymers, where molecular and supermolecular structures are covered, and the processing-induced structure development of polypropylene, showing the interrelation between the processing-induced morphology and mechanical performance. Volume 2, Copolymers and Blends, contains comprehensive surveys of the nucleation and crystallisation behaviour of the related systems. It includes the development of morphology and its effects on rheological and mechanical properties of polypropylene-based alloys and blends and a review of polypropylene-based thermoplastic elastomers. Volume 3, Composites, gives a comprehensive overview of filled and reinforced systems with polypropylene as a matrix material, with the main emphasis on processing-structure-property-interrelationships. Chapters cover all aspects of particulate filled, chopped fibre-, fibre mat- and continuous fibre-reinforced composites. Interfacial phenomena, such as adhesion, wetting and interfacial crystallisation, are also included as important aspects of this subject.

Concrete is ubiquitous and unique, found in every developed and developing country. Indeed, there are no alternatives to concrete as a volume construction material for infrastructure. This raises important questions of how concrete should be designed and constructed for cost effective use in the the short and long term, and to encourage further radical development. Equally, it must be environmentally friendly during manufacture, in an aesthetic presentation in structures and in the containment of harmful materials. The central theme of the Congress is "Concrete in the Service of Mankind", under which five self-contained Conferences, each dealing with a particular aspect, are planned. The Congress offers opportunity to discuss how to improve and extend this service to mankind using responsible exploitation, underwritten by sound technical understanding and research base. It brings together the shared skills and experience of the various disciplines involved in the construction process world wide. This major publication continues the tradition established by Dundee University of organizing major international conferences every three years dealing with some aspect of concrete and also

An important state-of-the-art report prepared by RILEM Technical Committee 108 ICC. It has been written by a team of leading international experts from the UK, USA, Canada, Israel, Germany, Denmark, South Africa, Italy and France. Research studies over recent years in the field of cement science have focused on the behaviour of the interfaces between the components of cement-based materials. The techniques used in other areas of materials science are being applied to the complex materials found in cements and concretes, and this book provides a significant survey of the present state of the art.

The book presents the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of innovative medicine facilities, as presented by architects and engineers at the International Scientific and Practical Conference Engineering, Construction and Infrastructure Solutions for Innovative Medicine Facilities, held in St. Petersburg, Russia, on May 19-21, 2021. It covers a wide diversity of topics, including the global challenges of our time and the challenges of developing the infrastructure of innovative medicine; current issues of engineering and construction of medical facilities during the pandemic; current issues of engineering and construction of biomedical research infrastructure; formation and development of a comfortable environment for the protection of public health; biological and environmental safety in the engineering, construction and technical operation of biomedical facilities. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations.

This book is a compilation of selected papers from the Sixth International Symposium on Software Reliability, Industrial Safety, Cyber Security and Physical Protection of Nuclear Power Plant, held in October 2021 in Zhuji, Zhejiang, China. The purpose of this symposium is to discuss Inspection, test, certification and research for the software and hardware of Instrument and Control (I&C) systems in nuclear power plants (NPP), such as sensors, actuators and control system. It aims to provide a platform of technical exchange and experience sharing for those broad masses of experts and scholars and nuclear power practitioners, and for the combination of production, teaching and research in universities and enterprises to promote the safe development of nuclear power plant. Readers will find a wealth of valuable insights into achieving safer and more efficient instrumentation and control systems.

Contents - Preface - 1. The Physical Background - 2. The Chemical Background - 3. The Measurement of Resistivity - 4. Dispersion - 5. Gaseous Dielectrics - 6. The Breakdown of Solid Dielectrics - 7. The Measurement of Dielectric Loss - 8. Special Techniques for Liquids - 9. Tests on Complete Equipment - Index -

Double carbon targets have been one of the most motivations and targets for China's social and economic development. Building is one of the most important sectors to achieve energy savings and emission reductions. This book focuses on China's building energy usage and CO2 emissions, discusses the status quo of China's building energy of four categories, their characteristics and technologies to improve energy efficiency and achieve zero-carbon emissions. Specifically, this book in 2021 discussed the pathways to achieve carbon neutrality targets for China's building sector. This book also analyzed the energy mix, energy intensity, and technology perspectives to implement energy and carbon targets in urban residential building areas. This book consists of large-scale survey data, monitoring data and case studies. The discussion on technologies and policies is supported by a variety of evidence and continuous research for more than ten years. The information, data and policy suggestions will interest readers all around the world who work in energy, climate change, engineering and building science areas.

Protection against fire and prevention of explosion is vital in a modern industrial economy. Only recently have fire science and related risk assessment become serious areas of academic study. This published proceedings of the First European Conference on Fire Engineering and Emergency Planning provides an authoritative base of materials covering the research of the late 1990s, applications and hypotheses as a cumulative reference work and a platform for exchanges of ideas within the academic fire community.

A manual of constructional details which shows how successful results in acoustic design can be achieved by correct use of building materials, products and components. Details are drawn to scale and carry informative labelling and supplementary text. This updated and revised edition of an established reference book, in an improved format and layout, will be a welcome addition to current reference works on acoustic design.

A state-of-the-art report prepared by RILEM Technical Committee 116-PCD. At present, durability of concrete is controlled by specifying the materials to be used, the methods of mixing, placing, curing and so on. This approach is often unsatisfactory and it is a common objective of concrete researchers and engineers to develop performance criteria which allow the potential durability of a particular concrete mix or structure to be estimated. However, the complexity of concrete as a material and the difficulty of developing consistent and reliable test methods has meant that progress has been slow. International interest in the subject is growing strongly with the development of international standards and so this book is very timely in giving an authoritative, international review of the subject. It will set the scene for the next few years as a key source of information and advice.

At some point, most home-owners have to make a choice: whether to move or extend their property. In the case of the latter, there is a further choice - to put the whole matter into other hands or to try to understand the processes involved so that the whole business is carried out efficiently and cost-effectively. Those working or planning to work in the construction industry also need to be reminded of the pitfalls of local authority requirements, building control and planning, and this text provides an account of the necessary action.

This book provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of durability of the frost resistance of concrete. It will enable both concrete materials specialists and practising engineers to better understand the deterioration processes which take place during freezing and thawing, and the effects of de-icing salts on concrete. It shows how test procedures can be used to provide worthwhile information and explains the many problems associated with their use. Durability of Concrete in Cold Climates explains how concrete can be designed and produced to be durable in cold environments, through careful selection of materials, mixture composition and proper use of air entrainment. It is fully illustrated with photographs and diagrams and contains over 250 references to sources and other publications. The main topics covered are: theories of frost ction and de-icer salt scaling mechanisms; laboratory tests; influence of materials and mix characteristics; air entrainment; field performance; and frost durability of dry concretes.

Post-tensioning is the most versatile form of pre stressing, a technique which enables engineers to make the most effective use of the material properties of concrete, and so to design structural elements which are strong, slender and efficient. Design in post-tensioned concrete is not difficult and, if done properly, can contribute significantly to the economy and the aesthetic qualities of a building. Post-tensioned floors have found widespread use in office buildings and car park structures, and are also frequently employed in warehouses and public buildings. However, in spite of this, most prestressed concrete texts devote comparatively little attention to floors, concentrating instead on beam elements. This book answers the need for a comprehensive treatment of post-tensioned floor design.

This text provides a review of the properties and use of the principal chemical admixtures for concrete, including over 250 references to key literature sources. Coverage of each admixture follows a standard format, so the reader is able to find relevant information on each type easily. The introductory chapter explains the interaction of admixtures in the cement-water system. The following four chapters deal with admixtures in common use: air extraining admixtures; hardening accelerators; high-range water reducers (superplasticizers); water reducing/retarding admixtures. Less commonly used admixtures are also discussed, including topics for special applications: anti-washout admixtures for underwater concrete; corrosion inhibitors; gas forming admixtures; pumping aids; shotcrete admixtures. This book should be of interest to concrete technologists worldwide in cement companies, ready mixed and precast concrete suppliers; admixture manufacturers (CAA members in UK); civil engineers; researchers and academics in civil engineering departments.

Ferrocement is a versatile, construction material, with applications in low cost housing, rehabilitation, strengthening and repair of structures, especially in the developing world. The material can also be used in more advanced constructions for thin shell structures. This book forms the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Ferrocement. It presents the latest developments in research and application of the material and should serve as a useful reference for all those interested in the material. This includes both researchers in all parts of the world, but also those responsible for low cost housing and construction in developing countries, in South America, Africa and the Far East. This book should be of interest to researchers concerned with building materials, government and international agencies involved with low cost housing, and repair specialists, consultants, contractors and material suppliers.

The cyber world has been both enhanced and endangered by AI. On the one hand, the performance of many existing security services has been improved, and new tools created. On the other, it entails new cyber threats both through evolved attacking capacities and through its own imperfections and vulnerabilities. Moreover, quantum computers are further pushing the boundaries of what is possible, by making machine learning cyber agents faster and smarter. With the abundance of often-confusing information and lack of trust in the diverse applications of AI-based technologies, it is essential to have a book that can explain, from a cyber security standpoint, why and at what stage the emerging, powerful technology of machine learning can and should be mistrusted, and how to benefit from it while avoiding potentially disastrous consequences. In addition, this book sheds light on another highly sensitive area - the application of machine learning for offensive purposes, an aspect that is widely misunderstood, under-represented in the academic literature and requires immediate expert attention.

It brings together, in a concise format, the key elements of the loads produced from explosive sources, how they interact with structures and the way structures respond to them. Explosive sources include gas, high explosives, dust and nuclear materials.
It presents quantitative information and design methods in a useable form without recourse to extensive mathematical analysis. The authors, Peter Smith and John Hetherington, are staff members at the Royal Military College of Science in Shrivenham and have been instrumental in establishing an active group comprising lecturing and research staff concerned with the response of structures to blast and ballistic loading.
Comprehensive coverage of a wide threat spectrum
Accessible style supported by relevant worked examples

This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of construction engineering, as presented by researchers and engineers at the Digital Technologies in Construction Engineering conference, held in Belgorod, Russia, on June 8-9, 2021. It covers highly diverse topics, including industrial and civil construction, building materials; environmental engineering and protection; sustainability; structure safety and special construction structures. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations.