Whilst sustainability is already an important driver in the new building sector, this book explores how those involved in refurbishment of commercial building are moving this agenda forward. It includes chapters by developers, surveyors, cost consultants, architects, building physicists and other players, on the role they each can play in enabling refurbishment to be commercially, environmentally and socially sustainable. Case studies from northern climates show real examples of different building types, ages and uses and will demonstrate what action has been taken to create more sustainable buildings. The chapters raise and discuss all the relevant issues that need to be considered in retrofitting decision making. Changing standards, planning, process management, financing, technical issues, site organisation, commissioning and subsequent building management are all considered. The book demonstrates that buildings can be made comfortable to occupy, easy to manage and low in energy demand and environmental impact.

In the almost sixty years since the publication of the first edition of HVAC Engineer's Handbook, it has become widely known as a highly useful and definitive reference for HVAC engineers and technicians alike, and those working on domestic hot and cold water services, gas supply and steam services. The 11th edition continues in the tradition of previous editions, being easily transportable and therefore an integral part of the HVAC engineer or technician's daily tools. Newly updated data on natural ventilation, ventilation rates, free cooling and night-time cooling, make the 11th edition of the HVAC Engineer's Handbook a vital source of information. Fred Porges has worked in both the manufacturing and process industries, and became a partner in a building services consultancy in 1962. He has held senior positions with design contractors, and his experience covers every building service and type of building from schools to housing, factories to laboratories.

The production of concrete has in recent years shifted from the site to central production plants. This has improved efficiency but has also given rise to new problems, such as the influence of temperature and time on consistency of fresh concrete. The separation of mixing and transportation from on-site placing and curing requires better means of measuring and defining the state of the concrete at the time of delivery. In addition, new types of cements and admixtures are being widely used. This book forms the Proceedings of the RILEM Colloquium held in Hanover, Germany in October 1990 to review the state-of-the-art of the properties of fresh concrete. Papers from 18 countries in Europe, North America and the Far East are included. This book should be of interest to cement and concrete technologists and researchers, civil engineers, manufacturers and suppliers of cement, concrete and admixtures, research institutes, test houses and rheologists.

Testing of materials and manufactured items is a key element in the process from standard specification through control and verification during manufacture to trade in actual products. In particular, the validity, reliability and economic aspects of testing are of importance. This process is becoming more urgent with the development of the European market and other developments in international trade. Considerable progress is being made in setting up cooperative agreements and networks both bilaterally and multilaterally between countries, covering reference materials, and calibration, accreditation and quality assurance of laboratories, equipment and staff. This book contains invited contributions from many of the individuals and organizations most closely involved in these international developments. Also included are papers and case studies from all parts of the world discussing particular aspects of test quality of construction, materials and structures. The volume should be useful for those responsible for managing and carrying out testing in commercial, industrial and research laboratories, and also for anyone with an interest in international harmonization of technical stand

The third International Symposium on Materials and Sustainable Development ISMSD2017 (CIMDD2017) will include a 2-day Conferences (07 & 08 November). Organized by the Research Unit: Materials, Processes and Environment and University M'hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, this symposium follows the success of CIMDD 2013-2015 and continues the traditions of the highly successful series of International Conferences on the materials, processes and Environment. The Symposium will provide a unique topical forum to share the latest results of the materials and sustainable development research in Algeria and worldwide.

Calcium aluminate cements are used for many special applications in the construction, civil engineering and refractory industries because of their ability to gain strength rapidly and to withstand aggressive environments and high temperatures. Research into their properties and behaviour in many countries is presented in this book, which includes papers from an International Symposium held in London, A special feature is a major review paper by Lafarge Special Cements presenting the current state of knowledge on the materials. Other papers deal with clinker, hydration, admixtures, calorimetry, durability, blended systems and other aspects. The book is dedicated to the late Henry Midgley whose research into calcium aluminate cements at the Building Research Establishment made an important contribution to the understanding of their behaviour.

Concrete and cement-based materials must operate in increasingly aggressive aqueous environments, which may be either natural or industrial. These materials may suffer degradation in which ion addition and/or ion exchange reactions occur, leading to a breakdown of the matrix microstructure and consequent weakening. Sometimes this degradation can be extremely rapid and serious such as in acidic environments, while in other cases degradation occurs over long periods. Consequences of material failure are usually severe - adversely affecting the health and well-being of human communities and disturbing ecological balances. There are also large direct costs of maintaining and replacing deteriorated infrastructure and indirect costs from loss of production during maintenance work, which place a great burden on society. The focus of this book is on addressing issues concerning performance of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments , by way of this State-of-the-Art Report. The book represents the work of many well-known and respected authors who contributed chapters or parts of chapters. Four main themes were addressed: I. Nature and kinetics of degradation and deterioration mechanisms of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments, II. Modelling of deterioration in such environments, III. Test methods to assess performance of cement-based materials in such environments, and which can be used to characterise and rate relative performance and inform long term predictions, IV. Engineering implications and consequences of deterioration in aggressive aqueous environments, and engineering approaches to the problem.

The book presents the theoretical background of building physics, dealing with the evaluation of physical phenomena related to heat transfer and energy use in buildings, water and water vapour transfer in building structures, daylighting and electric lighting of buildings, sound transmission in building structures and protection against noise, the occurrence and spread of fires in buildings and the thermal response of cities. It contains numerical and computational evaluation methods, numerous computational case studies and examples of experimental analyses. The book demonstrates that the considered physical processes affect the quality of living and working comfort in indoor and outdoor environment.

Chemical admixtures are used to modify the properties and behaviour of fresh and hardened concrete. They can enable concrete to be placed more economically, by reducing the plant and labour needed or by allowing modifications to the mix. They are also used to achieve special properties, such as high strength or freeze-thaw durability. Research and development is underway in many parts of the world, looking at fundamental effects of admixtures on cement hydration and rheology, the technological benefits of using admixtures in concrete and the long-term behaviour of concrete containing admixtures. This book draws together reports on research studies into the use of chemical admixtures to improve the properties of concrete. It includes papers from leading research institutes and materials specialists from around the world on six main topics: workability, setting, strength, durability, other properties and technology. The papers were presented at an International RILEM Symposium held in Barcelona, Spain, in May 1990. This book should be of interest to concrete technologists, civil engineers, suppliers of admixtures, ready-mixed and precast concrete materials researchers.

Resilience Engineering (RE) studies have successfully identified and described many instances of resilient performance in high hazard sectors as well as in the far more frequent cases where people and organisations cope with the uncertainties of daily operations. Since RE was first described in 2006, a steady accumulation of insights and efforts have provided the basis for practical tools and methods. This development has been documented by a series of texts in the Resilience Engineering Perspectives series as well as by a growing number of papers and reports. This book encapsulates the essential practical lessons learned from the use of Resilience Engineering (RE) for over ten years. The main contents are a series of chapters written by those who have been instrumental in these applications. To increase the value for the reader, each chapter will include: rationale for the overall approach; data sought and reason(s) for choosing; data sources used, data analyses performed, and how recommendations were made and turned into practice. Serving as a reference for practitioners who want to analyse, support, and manage resilient performance, this book also advances research into RE by inquiring why work goes well in unpredictable environments, to improve work performance, or compensate for deficiencies.

This book addresses the reader interested in vehicular traffic phenomena, who have not learned about them before. It presents traffic phenomena like traffic breakdown and the emergence of moving traffic jams by showcasing empirical traffic data measured in real-world traffic. The author explains how these empirical traffic studies have led to the three-phase traffic theory and why this new theory is in conflict with standard traffic theories developed before. Moreover, he presents the reason for the failure of applications of standard traffic theories in real-world traffic and discusses why understanding real traffic has caused a paradigm shift in traffic and transportation science. The book examines why understanding real traffic breakdown is the basis for an explanation for the autonomous driving effects on traffic flow. It shows that understanding real traffic is possible from real-world traffic data without the need of mathematical traffic models. This makes the book intuitive for non-specialists, who can qualitatively understand all the basic features of traffic dynamics. In turn, experienced traffic researchers can grasp concepts and ideas made here easily accessible by the author, one of the leading pioneers in the field of vehicular traffic.

This volume consists of papers presented at the International Conference on Recent Developments in Fibre Reinforced Cements and Concretes, held at the School of Engineering, University of Wales College of Cardiff, UK, 18-20 September 1989.

For as long as concretes have been used as substrates there has been a need for upgrading the immediate working surface, in some instances nominally, in others substantially. This in itself has presented problems because of the inexact nature of the art and the conditions under which upgrading is required to be performed, not to mention the variety of surfaces and products. The aim of this text is to highlight the best parameters for success and to provide the reader with a comprehensive introduction to the subject. The coverage does not stray into unnecessary polymer science, but concentrates on the materials available and their particular advantages. Emphasis is placed upon successful preparation and maintenance and an insight into floor design is provided.

This book comprises the select proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC) 2020. The contents focus on recent developments in geotechnical engineering for a sustainable tomorrow. The book covers the topics related to traditional and latest methods in characterisation of ground at construction sites, recent technological developments/ advances in design of shallow and deep foundations in different subsoil conditions.

Preface ix - Acknowledgments xiii - Abbreviations xv - I. Differential Thermal Analysis Technique - II. Theory and Typical Applications 28 - II.l Theoretical Considerations 28 - II.2 Typical Applications 34 - III. Formation of Portland Cement Clinker and Polymorphism of C3S and C2S 54 - III.1 Formation of Portland Cement Clinker 54 - 111.2 Polymorphism of C3S 71 - III.3 Polymorphism of C2S 75 - IV. Hydration of Portland Cement 81 - IV.l Systems Containing CaO, AI20 a, Si02, and H20 at Ordinary Temperatures 81 - IV.2 Hydration of Portland Cement 88 V. Hydration of Individual Phases in Portland Cement 111 - V.l Hydration of C3A 111 - V.2 Hydration of C3S and B-C2S 127 - V.3 Hydration of the Ferrite Phase 135 - VI. Hydration of C3A in Presence of Salts 139 - VI.1 Hydration of C3A in Presence of Gypsum 139 - VI.2 Hydration of C3A in Presence of Lignosulfonate 155 - VI. 3 Hydration of C3A in Presence of Calcium Chloride 159 - VI.4 Hydration of C3A in Presence of Calcium Carbonate 160 - VII. Autoclaved Cementitious Products 165 - VIII. Non-Portland Cements Based on Silicates and Aluminates 196 - VIII.1 Slags and Slag Cements 196 - VIII.2 High Alumina Cement 206 - VIII.3 Pozzolanas and Pozzolanic Cements 213 - VIII.4 Oil Well Cement 222 - VIII.5 Hydraulic Lime 223 - VIlI.6 Expanding Cement 227 - VIII.7 Acid-Proof Cement 230 - IX. Other Non-Portland Cements 231 - IX.l Magnesium Oxychloride and Oxysulfate Cement 231 - IX.2 Gypsum Plaster 251 - IX.3 Sand-Lime Mortar 271 - IX.4 Phosphate Cement 275 - X. Aggregates 276 - Subject Index 297 - Author Index 303 -

This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of pavement technology, presented at the 12th International Conference in Road and Airfield Pavement Technology (ICPT), hosted by the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, and held on July 14-16, 2021. It covers topics such as pavement design, evaluation and construction, pavement materials characterization, sustainability in pavement engineering, pavement maintenance and rehabilitation techniques, pavement management systems and financing, transportation safety, law and enforcement related to pavement engineering, pavement drainage and erosion control, GIS applications, quarry material assessment, pavement instrumentation, IT and AI applications in pavement. Featuring peer-reviewed contributions by leading international researchers and engineers, the book is a timely and highly relevant resource for materials scientists and engineers interested in pavement engineering.

This book gathers selected peer-reviewed papers from the 16th World Congress on Engineering Asset Management (WCEAM), held in Seville from 5-7 October 2022. This book covers a wide range of topics in Engineering Asset Management, including: Asset management and decision support system Industry 4.0 tools and its impact on asset management Monitoring, diagnostics and prognostics for smart maintenance Asset life cycle management Asset management in the industrial sector Human dimensions and asset management performance Infrastructure Asset management Asset condition, risk, resilience, and vulnerability assessments Asset operations and maintenance strategies Reliability and resilience engineering Applications of international and local guidelines and standards The breadth and depth of this state-of-the-art, comprehensive proceedings make it an excellent resource for asset management practitioners, researchers and academics, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students.

This book gathers selected contributions in the field of civil and construction engineering, as presented by international researchers and engineers at the 2nd International Scientific Conference on Socio-Technical Construction and Civil Engineering (STCCE), held in Kazan, Russia on April 21-28 2021. The book covers a wide range of topics including building constructions and structures, bridges, roads and tunnels, building materials and products, construction management, energy efficiency and thermal protection of buildings, ventilation, air conditioning, gas supply and lighting in buildings, innovative and smart technologies in construction, sustainable development, transport system development. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations.

This book comprises select papers from the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Civil Engineering (ICETCE 2018). Latest research findings in different branches of civil engineering such as structural engineering, construction materials, geotechnical engineering, water resources engineering, environmental engineering, and transportation infrastructure are covered in this book. The book also gives an overview of emerging topics like smart materials and structures, green building technologies, and intelligent transportation system. The contents of this book will be beneficial for students, academicians, industrialists and researchers working in the field of civil engineering.

This book contains technical papers, presented at the International Workshop on Connections and the Behaviour, Strength and Design of Steel Structures, on topics including local analysis of joints, modeling of load-deflection behaviour, methods of frame analysis, and design requirements and codes.

Ensuring cybersecurity for smart cities is crucial for a sustainable cyber ecosystem. Given the undeniable complexity of smart cities, fundamental issues such as device configurations and software updates should be addressed when it is most needed to fight cyber-crime and ensure data privacy. This book addresses the cybersecurity challenges associated with smart cities, aiming to provide a bigger picture of the concepts, intelligent techniques, practices and research directions in this area. Furthermore, this book serves as a single source of reference for acquiring knowledge on the technology, processes and people involved in the next-generation of cyber-smart cities.

This book comprises the proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineering 2021. The contents of this volume focus on specialty conferences in construction, environmental, hydrotechnical, materials, structures, transportation engineering, etc. This volume will prove a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.

This book discusses the latest advances in cyber-physical security and resilience of cyber-physical systems, including cyber-attack detection, isolation, situation awareness, resilient estimation and resilient control under attack. It presents both theoretical results and important applications of the methods. Security and Resilience in Cyber-Physical Systems begins by introducing the topic of cyber-physical security, covering state-of-the-art trends in both theory and applications, as well as some of the emerging methodologies and future directions for research. It then moves on to detail theoretical methods of attack detection, resilient estimation and control within cyber-physical systems, before discussing their various applications, such as power generation and distribution, autonomous systems, wireless communication networks and chemical plants. Focusing on the detection of and accommodation to cyber-attacks on cyber-physical systems, and including both estimation and artificial-intelligence-based methods, this book will be of interest to researchers, engineers and graduate students within the fields of cyber-physical security and resilient control.