This report is a useful tool for countries starting to recycle aggregates or construction and demolition waste. It contains the latest developments in this field, introduces a completely new approach to the procedure of proportioning concrete mixtures with recycled aggregate, references recent publications, opinions and discrepancies in relation to the durability of recycled concrete, such as freeze-thaw standards, studies of chloride penetration and diffusion, and sulfate attacks, the use of the fine fraction <4mm, quality assurance of concrete recycled aggregate, sustainability and recycling construction waste and global impact assessment of urban renewal based on sustainable recycling strategies for construction and demolition waste. This volume will be of interest to recyclers, researchers and consumers.

The word conservation, when used in the context of the preservation of built heritage, implies an intrinsically complex concept that evolved over time, since it has been influenced by the perception of history throughout time. This volume emphasises why an understanding of the cultural evolution of the conservation approach must be considered a prerequisite for architects and engineers if they are to cooperate in full harmony with historic-artistic culture for the preservation of global built heritage. In particular, the volume highlights how, during the second half of the last century, the preservation process also involved engineering - the science of making practical applications of knowledge - which, for a long time, made an uncritical use of techniques and materials and devised interventions on historical heritage that were heavily invasive. The volume also devotes special attention to the problems related to seismic risk, to which Italy, Greece and Portugal are particularly prone. Problems that emerge during the crisis and reconstruction phases are dealt with in detail, as is scheduled maintenance, as this latter approach always constitutes an improvement in the performance of the monument and is the most appropriate tool for the conservation of the built heritage. Finally, the volume collects examples of building restoration with case studies of many outstanding monuments. The work will appeal to professionals and academics in the broader fields of civil engineering (both geotechnical and structural engineering), architecture, art history, the history of architecture, restoration and cultural heritage management. This book will: Provide a critical reading of the history of conservation; Discuss materials and techniques of ancient architecture; Cover seismic vulnerability and preservation of the historic integrity of the monument; Advocate an approach based on programmed maintenance; Feature numerous case histories, including St Mark's Basilica in Venice and the complex restoration of the cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris.

This book includes topics in nanophysics, nanotechnology, nanomaterials, sensors, biosensors, security systems, and CBRN agents detection. There have been many significant advances in the past two years and some entirely new directions of research are just opening up. Recent developments in nanotechnology and measurement techniques now allow experimental investigation of the physical properties of nanostructured materials. The book presents new methods for the detection of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) agents using chemical and biochemical sensors. Identification, protection and decontamination are the main scientific and technological responses for the modern challenges of CBRN agents.

• Documents experiences of site managers in developing countries to improve the research and practice and ultimately safety performance of the construction industry • Essential reading for construction managers, researchers and academics in the field of safety management, infrastructure delivery and project management

This textbook offers a unique introduction to hydraulics and fluid mechanics through more than 100 exercises, with guided solutions, which students will find valuable in preparation for their preliminary or qualifying exams and for testing their grasp of the subject. In some exercises two different solution methods are proposed, to highlight the fact that the level of complexity of the calculations is often linked to the choice of method, though in most cases only the simplest method is presented. The exercises are organized by subject, covering forces on planes and curved surfaces; floating bodies; exercises that require the application of linear and angular momentum balancing in inertial and non-inertial references; pipeline systems, with particular applications to industrial plants; hydraulic systems with machines (pumps and turbines); transient phenomena in pipelines; and uniform and gradually varied flows in open channels. The book also features appendices that contain selected data and formulas of practical interest. Instructors of courses that address one or all of the above topics will find the exercises of great help in preparing their courses, while researchers will find the book useful as an accessible summary of the topics covered.

This volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) and discusses a diverse range of topics concerning FRC: rheology and early-age properties, mechanical properties, codes and standards, long-term properties, durability, analytical and numerical models, quality control, structural and Industrial applications, smart FRC's, nanotechnologies related to FRC, textile reinforced concrete, structural design and UHPFRC. The contributions present improved traditional and new ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration between different specialists. Although the symposium was postponed, the book gathers peer-reviewed papers selected in 2020 for the RILEM-fib International Symposium on Fibre Reinforced Concrete (BEFIB).

This book gathers a selection of papers presented at the 4th International Scientific Conference "Environmental Challenges in Civil Engineering", ECCE 2020, , Opole, Poland, held on April 20-22, 2020, in Opole, Poland. The chapters, written by an international group of experts, report on advanced finding in structural material behaviour, and novel construction technologies and procedures, with a focus on strategies to foster sustainable civil engineering. Offering a good balance of theory and practice, and covering both technical, as well as legal and organization aspects in civil engineering and architectural projects, this book offers extensive information on the state-of-the art and a timely snapshot of current challenges in planning construction projects and structural interventions in accordance with the principles of environmental protection

This book provides an overview of state-of-the-art implementations of quantum random number generators (QRNGs), and especially examines their relation to classical statistical randomness models and numerical techniques for computing random numbers. The reader - who ideally has a background in classical statistics, computer science, or cryptography - is introduced to the world of quantum bits step by step, and explicit relations between QRNGs and their classical counterparts are identified along the way. Random number generation is a major pillar of cryptography. Capitalizing on the randomness inherent in quantum phenomena is a rapidly evolving branch of quantum cryptography with countless applications for the future. The value of quantum randomness for cryptographic purposes is empirically demonstrated in statistical evaluations of QRNGs' performance compared to classical techniques for true and pseudorandom number generation. The book then provides an overview of technical implementations of QRNGs, before a concluding discussion of major achievements and remaining obstacles in the field rounds out the coverage, while also opening the door for future research directions.

Foundation Design and Construction has long been established as the most comprehensive and authoritative guide to the subject. The combination of soil engineering principles, design information, and construction details, makes this book an essential resource for undergraduates and practitioners alike. The text first introduces basic theory and then, by means of case studies, practical worked examples and design charts, develops an in-depth understanding of foundation design and construction methods. Types of foundation covered include shallow strip, pad and raft, basement structures, driven and bored piles, and deep shafts. Practical information is also given on foundation design for swelling and shrinking clays, filled ground and mining subsidence areas. In addition the text contains a useful introduction to computer-aided design.The seventh edition has been brought up-to-date with recent developments in foundation design and construction techniques. These include recent research undertaken by the Construction Industry Research and Development Association (CIRIA) leading to new methods and design rules, and a discussion of the requirements for the latest draft of Eurocode 7: Geotechnical Design.

This book presents a comprehensive introduction to the field of structural vibration reduction control, but may also be used as a reference source for more advanced topics. The content is divided into four main parts: the basic principles of structural vibration reduction control, structural vibration reduction devices, structural vibration reduction design methods, and structural vibration reduction engineering practices. As the book strikes a balance between theoretical and practical aspects, it will appeal to researchers and practicing engineers alike, as well as graduate students.

This book discusses systems of damage detection and structural health monitoring in mechanical, civil, and aerospace structures. It utilizes principles of fuzzy logic, probability theory, and signal processing to develop systems and approaches that are robust in the presence of both noise in the data and variations in properties of materials which are intrinsic to the process of mass production. This volume will be useful to graduate students, researchers, and engineers working in this area, especially those looking to understand and address model uncertainty in their algorithms.

Parking Structures provides a single-source reference for parking structure designers, builders, and owners. This third edition is still the only such book. It addresses how to select the best functional and structural designs for a given situation, ensure long-term durability, design for easy maintenance, decide on the number and placement of entrances and exits, design an easily understood wayfinding system, design for ADA compliance, plan for internal auto and pedestrian traffic circulation, select the most effective and energy efficient lighting system, avoid the most common design and construction pitfalls, provide for adequate patron safety and security, carry out needed repairs, and extend the parking structure life. Parking Structures addresses all the major issues related to parking garages. It is an essential reference for parking structure owners, structural engineers, architects, contractors, and other professionals. New in the third edition: This third edition of Parking Structures includes new material on metric dimensions and recommendations for functional design globally, new research on flow capacity and queuing at parking entry/exits, an entirely new chapter on planning for a new parking structure, including cost issues and alternatives to structure construction, pedestrian considerations, safety in parking facilities, plazas above parking structures, an expanded chapter on seismic design, seismic retrofit, life cycle cost analysis, and upgrades to existing structures.

This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM) and more broadly in the fields of smart materials and intelligent systems, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 10th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM), held in Palermo, Italy on July 4-7, 2022. The volume covers highly diverse topics, including signal processing, smart sensors, autonomous systems, remote sensing and support, UAV platforms for SHM, Internet of Things, Industry 4.0, and SHM for civil structures and infrastructures. The contributions, which are published after a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

This book presents an overview of recent academic and industrial research efforts concerning halogen-free flame-retardant (FR) polymers and their nanocomposites. It summarizes the synthesis methods for various types of halogen-free FR polymers and their nanocomposites, and critically reviews their flame-retardant behavior, toxic-gas evolution during combustion, and inhibition methods. In turn, the book discusses the importance of metal oxide nanoparticles, nanoclay, and graphene in flame inhibition and addresses the FR properties of various FR compounds containing polymers, their FR mechanisms, and fire toxicant releasing and inhibition methods in detail. It systematically covers the synergetic effects between different FR compounds, and explains the significance of thermal stability and melt dripping for polymers' FR properties. The fundamental concepts described here are essential to understanding the FR behaviors of various polymers and their nanocomposites, and to developing efficient, environmentally friendly FR polymers and nanocomposites for a wide range of applications. This book is ideally suited for researchers in the fields of polymer science and engineering, and for graduate students in chemistry and materials science.

Infrared thermography is a measurement technique that enables to obtain non intrusive measurements of surface temperatures. One of the interesting features of this technique is its ability to measure a full two dimensional map of the surface temperature and for this reason it has been widely used as a flow visualization technique. Since the temperature measurements can be extremely accurate it is possible, by using a heat flux sensor, also to measure convective heat transfer coefficient distributions on a surface making the technique de facto quantitative. This book, starting from the basic theory of infrared thermography and heat flux sensor guides, both the experienced researcher and the young student, in the correct application of this powerful technique to various practical problems. A significant number of examples and applications are also examined in detail.

Essentials of Civil Engineering Materials provides students with a foundational guide to the types of materials used in civil engineering, as well as how these materials behave under the conditions for which they were designed and a basic understanding of the science of the materials. This critical knowledge prepares students to carefully consider and confidently select the best materials for the design, construction, and maintenance of future projects. The text begins by introducing the basic requirements of engineering materials, material properties and standards, experimental design, economic factors, and the issue of sustainability. Additional chapters explore the mechanical principles of materials, composite models and viscoelasticity, and material chemistry. Students read about various types of materials, including metals, steel, aggregates and cementitious materials, and wood. The book concludes with a chapter dedicated to the topic of sustainability. Each chapter includes closing remarks to summarize the key concepts of the chapter and problems to help students retain important learnings. Essentials of Civil Engineering Materials is an ideal resource for introductory courses in civil engineering.

This textbook covers security controls and management. It is for courses in cyber security education that follow National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) work roles and framework that adopt the Competency-Based Education (CBE) method. The book follows the CBE general framework, meaning each chapter contains three sections, knowledge and questions, and skills/labs for skills and sbilities. The author makes an explicit balance between knowledge and skills material in information security, giving readers immediate applicable skills. The book is divided into several parts, including: Information Assurance / Encryption; Information Systems Security Management; Information Systems / Network Security; Information Technology Management; IT Management; and IT Risk Management.

Conservation in the built environment raises fundamental questions which have been debated for centuries - what is worth preserving, how is it possible, why is it important? This book takes a modern approach to the meaning of a heritage structure and its conservation. The historical evolution of conservation is briefly addressed, considering prominent individuals and cases; along with the history of construction, focusing on materials and related structural elements, with insight on the sizing rules adopted by masons. This explains structural decisions made during the construction process and allows comparison of scientific theories from the 18th century to modern understanding of limit analysis. Damage and collapse mechanisms for masonry construction, as the most widespread structural form for historical buildings, is described. Excess permanent loading and settlement is differentiated from environmental and anthropogenic actions such as earthquake or incorrect intervention. The team of authors brings together unique expertise, with high level research and leading practice with archetypical cases from around the world. The book addresses the history of conservation by exploring materials and structures and the history of construction and damage, so it is of value to students and professionals in civil engineering and architecture, as well as archaeologists and art historians.

This book contains an introduction and 20 studies, each describing a recent research investigation in the area of sustainable and resilient buildings, built environment infrastructure and renewable energy. Contributions are from many different countries of the world and on a range of topics, representing a sample of research within the 'sustainable energy and buildings' field. The book begins with chapters on the sustainable design of buildings, followed by descriptions of issues relating to the renovation, restoration and reconstruction of existing buildings, or in one case a railway wagon. The next part of the book covers factors that form barriers or impediments to low or zero carbon buildings, followed by studies of issues relating to policy and certification. There then follow four chapters on various topics related to sustainable buildings - undergraduate courses, insurance issues, biophilia relating to buildings and thermal conductivity measurement. There are several chapters relating to renewable energy, followed by two chapters with a sustainable transport theme, one relating to electric vehicles, and the other about a sustainable road infrastructure. The final chapter is on the manufacture of sustainable building components for the UK housing sector. The book is of use to engineers, scientists, researchers, practitioners, academics and all those who are interested to develop and use sustainability science and technology for the betterment of our planet and humankind, and to mitigate climate change reality.

This book is intended to raise awareness about the use of sustainable Textile-Reinforced Mortar (TRM) composite systems, including plant fibers, for civil engineering applications. It presents a comprehensive characterization of the mechanical properties of Flax-TRM composite systems when used for strengthening masonry elements. Moreover, it reports on a physical and mechanical characterization of the single components, such as the textile and mortar one. In turn, it describes tensile tests on the composite and shear bond tests on Flax-TRM-to-masonry substrate elements, carried out for the purpose of analyzing the composite material and its adherence behavior with a brick masonry element. It also reports on the analysis of the contribution of the reinforcement system on the shear capacity of masonry elements, carried out via diagonal compression tests. Last but not least, the book reports on some innovative solutions for improving the mechanical performance of the reinforcement system, e.g., by treating the fiber or modifying the matrix mix design, discussing the experimental findings in detail. All in all, this book offers extensive information on the use of plant fibers as reinforcement in TRM systems, specifically highlighting the potential of this composite as strengthening strategy for various civil engineering applications. Moreover, it defines key mechanical aspects of the composite that must be taken into consideration for increasing the efficiency of the reinforcing system. Last but not least, the book describes some technical solutions aimed at an overall improvement of the structural performance of sustainable textile-reinforced composite.

Over the past decade, the international political system has come to be characterized as a Great Power Competition in which multiple would-be hegemons compete for power and influence. Instead of a global climate of unchallenged United States dominance, revisionist powers, notably China and Russia alongside other regional powers, are vying for dominance through political, military, and economic means. A critical battleground in the Great Power Competition is the Middle East, the Horn of Africa, and the Central Asia South Asia (CASA), also known as the Central Region. With the planned withdrawal of U.S. military forces from Afghanistan, the U.S. has stated its intention of shifting attention away from the CASA Region in favor of a more isolationist foreign policy approach. This book provides an in-depth understanding of the implications for this shift related to regional diplomacy & politics, economic opportunities & rivalries, security considerations & interests, and the information environment. Amplifying the vital importance of success in the Central Region to U.S. prosperity and security, this volume advances dialogue in identifying key issues for stakeholders within and beyond the Central Region to gain a holistic perspective that better informs decision-making at various levels. This collection of work comes from scholars, strategic thinkers, and subject matter experts who participated in the Great Power Competition Conference hosted by the University of South Florida, in partnership with the National Defense University Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Strategies in January 2020.

This open access book presents a methodology for the assessment of structural building details, taking into account the contemporary guidelines for earthquake-resistant and energy-efficient buildings. A review of structural details for energy-efficient buildings revealed that in some cases the structural system is interrupted, leading to solutions which are not suitable for earthquake-prone regions. Such typical examples would be the use of thermal insulation under the building foundation and reduction of the load-bearing elements' dimensions - also at the potential locations of plastic hinges which are crucial for the dissipation of seismic energy. The proposed methodology of assessment favours a collaboration of architects, engineers, contractors and investors in the early stage of building design. By this the methodology enables efficient decision-making and contributes to a selection of optimal building structural details.The book starts by presenting the typical structural details of the thermal envelope of energy-efficient buildings together with the scientific background required for understanding the process of detail development from all the relevant aspects. Over 20 examples of most frequent details are described and analysed to raise awareness of the importance of earthquake resistance, sustainability, energy-efficiency and thermal comfort for users.

This book emphasizes recent advances in the creation of biometric identification systems for various applications in the field of human activity. The book displays the problems that arise in modern systems of biometric identification, as well as the level of development and prospects for the introduction of biometric technologies. The authors classify biometric technologies into two groups, distinguished according to the type of biometric characteristics used. The first group uses static biometric parameters: fingerprints, hand geometry, retina pattern, vein pattern on the finger, etc. The second group uses dynamic parameters for identification: the dynamics of the reproduction of a signature or a handwritten keyword, voice, gait, dynamics of work on the keyboard, etc. The directions of building information systems that use automatic personality identification based on the analysis of unique biometric characteristics of a person are discussed. The book is intended for professionals working and conducting research in the field of intelligent information processing, information security, and robotics and in the field of real-time identification systems. The book contains examples and problems/solutions throughout.