The need for demolition, repair and renewal of concrete and masonry structures is growing all over the world. In recent years natural disasters, such as earthquakes, and war activities in many countries have caused very extensive damage to urban areas. This has led to the need for effective methods of assessing structural damage, site clearance and reconstruction. This book presents and discusses worldwide technical developments in the fields of demolition and recycling. The necessary theoretical technical background has accumulated, but knowledge is not being translated into practice. In particular, information is needed on standards and guidelines to promote quick and safe demolition and reuse of concrete and masonry. RILEM has been actively involved in this field for over ten years, through the work of its Technical Committees and the organization of International Symposia. This book forms the Proceedings of the Third Symposium, held in Odense, Denmark in October 1993, and follows the earlier events in Rotterdam in 1985 and Tokyo in 1988. The book will be invaluable for civil engineers, planners, contractors and researchers, and for government authorities and specialists in urban development and disaster mitigation.

Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete is a major problem, with serious implications for structural integrity and durability. Bridges and marine structures are particularly susceptible due to the more chemically aggressive environmental conditions that prevail. Hence there is a need to examine the durability, strength characteristics and suitability of alternative materials to steel reinforcement. This book provides a thorough overview of recent developments and applications in this area of growing importance. This book should be of interest to structural and civil engineers involved in the design and construction of concrete structures; materials researchers investigating durability and strength of reinforcing materials; and advanced students in these fields.

This book collects the scientific proceedings presented during the "2022 The 2nd International Civil Engineering and Architecture Conference" held in Singapore in March 2022 with the aim of showing the latest advancements in theoretical and applied research in the architecture, engineering, and construction sector (AEC). The book is organized into 4 main parts, namely (1) Sustainable Urban Planning and Architecture; (2) Architectural and Environmental Design; (3) Built Environment Materials and Construction Technology; and (4) Civil Engineering and Construction Management. The goal of the book is to provide readers with an overview of the ongoing transformation of the AEC industry presenting a thorough investigation of the emerging trends in the fields of green building design, construction, and operation.

Lightweight aggregate concrete is undergoing something of a renaissance. Although this material has been available for many years, only now is it being used more widely. The volume of structural aggregate concrete used each year is increasing dramatically. Lower structural weight, better fire resistence, use of waste for aggregate, lower costs for aggregate: all these factors are contributing to the rapid increase in the use of acceptance of structural lightweight aggregate concrete. This book provides a comprehensive review of this growing field from an international perspective. This book should be of interest to structural and civil engineers involved in the design and construction of concrete structures; researchers in concrete materials design and performance.

This monograph discusses fire hazard and fire resistance in wooden structures with a long duration of operation. Aside from its increasing importance for modern architecture, wood has been the most important building material in the past. It has a distinct aesthetic, high mechanical strength, and resistance against many environmental changes. These properties are evident in structures like the still standing Grinstead Chuch, which has been built in 1045. Readers will however learn about the decreasing fire resistance in wooden buildings with a long service live. Considering the cultural value of medieval wood buildings, this topic becomes increasingly relevant. The chapters discuss the mechanical, physico-chemical and thermophysical properties of wooden structures over different lifespans. Many factors contributing to the changing fire resistance in the ageing process of wooden structures, are explained. This book is a valuable resource for students, teachers and scientists in the areas of wood science, fire research and forestry.

This volume details the principles underlying rapid solidification processing, material structure and properties, and their applications. This practical resource presents a manifold approach to both amorphous and crystalline rapidly solidified metallic alloys.;Written by over 30 internationally acclaimed specialists in their respective fields, Rapidly Solidified Alloys: surveys nucleation and growth studies in undercooled melts; examines various processes for the production of rapidly solidified alloys; discusses the compaction of amorphous alloys; describes surface remelting treatments for the rapid solidification of surface layers and the resultant improved workpiece properties; covers the closely related topics of structural relaxation, atomic transport and other thermally induced processes; demonstrates microstructure-property relationships in rapidly quenched crystalline alloy systems and their beneficial effects in applications; and elucidates the basic, engineeering, and applications-oriented magnetic properties of amorphous alloys.;Furnishing more than 2300 literature citations for further study of specific subjects, Rapidly Solidified Alloys is intended for materials, mechanical, product, and civil engineers; metallurgists; magneticians; physicists; physical chemists; and graduate students in these disciplines.

This text presents the most recent research on fracture and damage of concrete and rock. It provides an improved understanding of the basic physical and mechanical principles of fracture mechanics in these materials with a strong view towards applications in construction engineering and mining engineering. It forms the proceedings of the international conference held in Vienna in November 1992. The background to the book comes from three main areas: fatigue and ageing of complex concrete structures have been responsible both for loss of life and for expenditure running into billions of dollars in recent decades; lack of virgin building land and high property values in cities and urban areas have led to more demolition and recycling of concrete structures, and related environmental problems; and more engineering structures are being built on and in rock mass of low quality and difficult terrain. Rock fracture mechanics has matured to a fully recognized discipline and is now being applied to problems of excavation, tunnelling, blasting and anchoring. FDCR Conferences provide a forum for international, interdisciplinary co-operation and exchange of ideas and experience between scienti

"Wood Preservation" is a standard reference book on the subject. This new edition covers the most important developments over the last 15 years, prompted by new research, economic and technical changes and the increasing awareness of potential hazards to health and the environment. The book is divided into 5 chapters: preservation technology; wood degradation; preservation systems; preservation chemicals and practical conservation, with separate appendices dealing with the selection of a preservation system, wood borers, and wood destroying fungi. The book is suitable for use as an introduction to wood preservation technology but will also be a resource for professionals who are either already involved in the wood preservation industry or who work with preserved wood.

The importance of housing and the health of occupiers has been of concern to the architecture, construction, medical, legal and environmental health professions. A wide range of experts are approaching the various risks and dangers inherent in housing design and construction, and often do so without recourse to the advances in knowledge from related professions. A source book of the current progress in different disciplines should be of value to both those engaged in the provision of housing and also as a focus for the direction of future research. The objective of this book is to present an analysis of the research into the health implications of housing and the significance for legal regulation of housing conditions. This is achieved by presenting short papers from key experts in their field, together with an overview which relates the different disciplines to the health of occupiers. Whilst the focus of the research is primarily UK, it should be of interest in the USA, Europe, Australia and elsewhere since the topic of the relationship between housing and health is international. This is reflected in the international perspective taken by the contributors of this book. This book

Indoor Air Quality and HVAC Systems is a practical guide for understanding the relationship between the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of HVAC systems and achieving indoor air quality (IAQ). The book describes the individual components of HVAC systems and the role each plays in maintaining good indoor air quality. It also identifies the techniques available for evaluating the performance characteristics of ventilation systems (including the use of carbon dioxide monitors and sulfur hexafluoride tracer testing equipment). Other topics discussed include the determination of pathways of air movement through buildings and understanding pressure relationships, ventilation effectiveness, and efficiency. The book concludes with an overview of sources of air contaminants to be concerned about when performing an IAQ evaluation. Indoor Air Quality and HVAC Systems provides critical information for industrial hygienists, HVAC contractors and engineers, and building owners and managers.

Expounds the basics of the USSR-originating advanced method for construction of tunnels for various purposes with in-situ pressure moulded linings. Includes practical tunnelling experience, theoretical basis & methods of analysis of such linings, specific requirements of concrete, operational procedure, equipment systems, as well as designs satisfying these requirements and evaluation of the method in technical and economical aspects. The English edition includes an updated state-of-the-art review.

Structural concrete, although durable, often needs repairing. Impact, abrasion, overloading, fire and aggressive environments all cause damage, and cracks appear, due to errors in design or specification and faulty construction. This text enables the engineer to diagnose the cause of a fault, choose the appropriate remedial technique and ensure that the repair work is completed satisfactorily. It will be of value to all those who need to commission, supervise or carry out repairs to concrete structures.

HAPM Component Life Manual has broken new ground, it is the first document to provide extensive life-span assessments (suitable for insurance purposes) for a wide range of building components which are classified within the concept of quality specifications. A further benefit is that it does not seek to be prescriptive. It indicative 'benchmarks' against which new or differing specifications can be assessed, in that sense it is both robust and flexible.

The concept of the manual is simple yet profound. Seven component groups contain a range of component types and sub-types each of which has been given a life class designation. The life classes embrace good practice, a normal amount of maintenance and typical exposure conditions. If a new component does not match an existing HAPM class, then a new 'benchmark' can be defined and a life assigned.

This book explains over 3,000 terms (over 200,000 words) and contains over 200 professionally drawn line illustrations. This practical handbook is intended for day to day use as a reference or as a source of enlightenment for anyone associated with the building and construction industry. It also provides comprehensive practical explanations of the many terms listed, giving guidance, examples of use and, in certain cases, cautionary remarks concerning aspects of the applications.

The failure of foundations leads to distortion of building superstructure and loss of structural integrity. If allowed to continue unchecked, the building may become unusable and may need to be demolished. The most successful and cost-effective solution is usually to underpin the structure to restore full or partial serviceability. Planning an underpinning scheme requires careful investigation of ground conditions and structural defects in order to determine the precise cause of movement. With the modern trend towards deep excavations (particularly in urban areas) there is now commonly a requirement for the design and installation of a retention system to complement the underpinning scheme. This new book provides a comprehensive insight into underpinning and retention, starting with simple methods of excavation and underpinning, and then discussing the various underpinning methods that specialist firms have developed to provide support to a wide range of civil engineering structures. The inclusion of a number of case studies provides an insight into typical difficulties encountered and the safe and practical solutions which have been employed.

New materials and methods within the construction industry offer substantial advantages in terms of cost, durability, ease of design, and ease of fabrication. This new book looks at the multitude of uses of polymer composites in construction and discusses fabrication methods, suitability of materials, design methods, construction methods, performance and practical applications.

This text consists of a series of contributions on one of the rapidly advancing subjects in the field of cement and concrete - that of the interfaces between the various components of cementious materials: cements, aggregates, fibres, reinforcement. The microstructural, chemical and physical processes that govern the behaviour of all cement-based materials are dependent on the way in which these components interact, and the powerful techniques which are commonly used in other fields of materials science are now being applied to cementitious materials. The book contains data from many of the research groups around the world dealing with this topic, and will be valuable for all those involved with research into and development of cement-based materials. It forms the proceedings of the international conference organised by RILEM Technical Committee 108 and the Laboratory for Materials and Durability of Construction at the National Institute for Applied Science, at Toulouse in France, and held in Toulouse in October 1992.

This edition has been revised throughout to take account of recent changes and to incorporate amendments required due to the publication of the revised BS 5328. The manual provides information on all aspects of the ready-mixed concrete industry, from basic materials and their properties to the production, quality control and use of ready-mixed concrete. Discussion of the qualities of concrete and the achievement of quality requirements leads to the consideration of specifying concrete quantities. Attention is then turned from production to delivery. The authors discuss arguments for choosing ready-mixed concrete, and deal with the fundamental issues of obtaining quotations, ordering and handling. While providing a detailed ready reference, this book also gives the reader a perspective on the industry as a whole.

For millennia, humans waged war on land and sea. The 20th century opened the skies and the stars, introducing air and space as warfare domains. Now, the 21st century has revealed perhaps the most insidious domain of all: cyberspace, the fifth domain. A realm free of physical boundaries, cyberspace lies at the intersection of technology and psychology, where one cannot see one's enemy, and the most potent weapon is information. The third book in the Great Power Competition series, Cyberspace: The Fifth Domain, explores the emergence of cyberspace as a vector for espionage, sabotage, crime, and war. It examines how cyberspace rapidly evolved from a novelty to a weapon capable of influencing global economics and overthrowing regimes, wielded by nation-states and religious ideologies to stunning effect. Cyberspace: The Fifth Domain offers a candid look at the United States' role in cyberspace, offering realistic prescriptions for responding to international cyber threats on the tactical, strategic, and doctrinal levels, answering the questions of how can we respond to these threats versus how should we respond? What are the obstacles to and consequences of strategic and tactical response options? What technological solutions are on the horizon? Should the U.S. adopt a more multi-domain offensive posture that eschews the dominant "cyber vs. cyber" paradigm? To answer these questions, experts examine the technological threats to critical infrastructure; cyber operations strategy, tactics, and doctrine; information influence operations; the weaponization of social media; and much more.

This book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Building Materials and Construction (ICSBMC 2021), and examines a range of durable, energy-efficient, advance construction and building materials produced from industrial wastes and byproducts. The topics covered include advanced construction materials, durability of concrete structures, waste utilization, repair & rehabilitation of concrete structures, structural analysis & design, composites, nanomaterials and smart materials in seismic engineering. The book also discusses various properties and performance attributes of modern-age concretes including their strength, durability, workability, and carbon footprint. This book will be a precious reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in sustainable construction and allied fields.

High performance concrete (HPC) is of great topical interest to the construction industry worldwide, with applications in high-rise, offshore, nuclear and bridge structures, and in precast concrete. Among the benefits of HPC are improved workability and strength, leading to faster and more economical construction; more durable concrete, especially important for bridges, offshore and nuclear structures, and highways; and improved structural characteristics, which allow more economical and efficient structural designs. The French national project, "New Developments for Concrete", is providing important insights into the materials characteristics of high performance concrete, and also of the structural behaviour of a number of major buildings and bridge structures. This book contains a series of 35 selected reviews and reports on HPC by the leading materials scientists and engineers contributing to the French programme. Previously, they have only been available to delegates at seminars and meetings in France but the most valuable have been edited and translated into English in order to make the results of the programme widely available.

This volume represents the proceedings of the second in a series of discussion meetings convened by The Royal Society with the aim of reviewing the ways in which human needs and national expectations can be served by technological developments in the 21st century. "A Global Strategy for Housing in the Third Millennium" provides an authoritative account of the demand for housing in rich and poor countries, and shows how that demand may be satisfied by well co-ordinated social and technological policies. It provides basic principles in good housing design and social attitudes towards housing. The contributors - leading authorities from North America, Europe and Japan - predict future contributions of technology to housing for basic needs and comfort in temperate and extreme climates. New materials, construction processes and the increasing use of electronics in building services and overall planning are also central to this book. The wide range of viewpoints from which future technical developments in housing are approached should make this book beneficial for those professionally concerned with the planning, construction and management of housing.

It is becoming increasingly difficult and expensive for demolition contractors to dispose of building waste and demolition rubble. For environmental reasons, public authorities are looking for ways of reusing these materials. The purpose of this book is to make the construction industry and public authorities aware of the technical possibilities for recycling of demolished concrete and masonry. It also shows how localized cutting and partial demolition of concrete structures can be carried out. Recycling of demolished concrete and masonry consists of three state-of-the-art reports which have been prepared by members of an international RILEM committee: recycled aggregates and recycled aggregate concrete; recycled masonry as aggregate for concrete; and blasting of concrete - localized cutting in and partial demolition of concrete structures. The three reports review a range of research and practical experience on the subjects, much of which has not been easily accessible before. They are intended for use by building industry professionals' involved in design and construction at all levels. They should be of particular use to demolition and recycling contractors, and to concrete tech

Sustainable Mega City Communities scrutinizes the challenges encountered when designing, planning and constructing sustainable megacities. Chapters explain the role of national and local governments for the strategic planning, development, implementation, monitoring and enforcement of standards of water, air, food and products used by the community. Other chapters cover Water Delivery Systems, Sanitation and Waste Disposal Systems, Power Systems, and Public Health Systems, new green technologies, practices, and standards predicated by the need for sustainable office building and housing.

This book offers a unique treatment of building insulating products and the integration of these products with building components. This book was written for all those involved in building design, specification, construction, and commissioning, providing them with an understanding of and appreciation for the wide variety of thermal insulation products and technologies available for use in all types of buildings. The book proceeds from basic definitions and discussion of heat-transfer topics and thermal insulation concepts, to the design and use of these products. The impact of thermal insulation on dynamic building performance, including factors other than heating and cooling, is also discussed. The book does not require an advanced mathematical background. The authors provide sufficient information to provide a qualitative understanding, with more mathematical sections included for those interested in modeling and analysis. The basic physics associated with heat transfer in buildings are presented, along with the steady-state and transient analysis techniques needed for the effective implementation of thermal insulation and assemblies. Modern building design involves the integration of comfort, safety, economics, durability and cost considerations, all of which impact the selection and use of thermal insulation materials in buildings. In addition to theoretical explanations of the underlying science, the book details the properties and application of new thermal insulation materials, including vacuum panels, gas-filled panels, aerogels, phase-change materials, and radiation control technologies. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to researchers and building engineers wishing to understand the latest technologies and materials available, so as to achieve reduced energy consumption in commercial and residential buildings.