This volume brings together the work of both theoreticians and experimentalists on the synthesis of nanoparticles and their use in catalytic reactions. Heterogeneous catalysis is a core area of contemporary physical chemistry posing major fundamental and conceptual challenges, and nanoparticles are ubiquitous in many heterogeneous catalysts, therefore it is now opportune to focus a Faraday Discussion on key aspects of their synthesis, characterisation and use. This Faraday Discussion will explore the modern methods being used to design, synthesise and characterize nanoparticles and how these bridge across the disciplines of physical science and chemical engineering. The core aim of this discussion meeting is to develop a fundamental understanding of these crucial aspects of catalytic science, especially relating to nanoparticle synthesis and use in catalytic reactions, knowledge of which is essential for the design of new catalysts.

Vehicle exhaust emissions, particularly from diesel cars, are considered to be a significant problem for the environment and human health. Lean NOx Trap (LNT) or NOx Storage/Reduction (NSR) technology is one of the current techniques used in the abatement of NOx from lean exhausts. Researchers are constantly searching for new inexpensive catalysts with high efficiency at low temperatures and negligible fuel penalties, to meet the challenges of this field. This book will be the first to comprehensively present the current research on this important area. Covering the technology used, from its development in the early 1990s up to the current state-of-the-art technologies and new legislation. Beginning with the fundamental aspects of the process, the discussion will cover the real application standard through to the detailed modelling of full scale catalysts. Scientists, academic and industrial researchers, engineers working in the automotive sector and technicians working on emission control will find this book an invaluable resource.

A textbook for kinetics in the twenty-first century

CHEMICAL KINETICS AND CATALYSIS

Chemical kinetics is important for understanding a number of processes, including how food is metabolized, how pharmaceuticals function in a biological system, and how pollutants produced by gasoline combustion are converted for release into the atmosphere. The revolution in computational modeling necessitates an updated text that maintains the relevant traditional background while introducing novel computational methods. Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis meets this challenge and provides an appropriate text for the next generation of scientists in this field.

The advent of accurate graphing programs has all but eliminated the use of complex methods to fit data to appropriate rate equations. Within the framework of the traditional theories of kinetics and catalysis, Masel adds explanations of computational graphing programs, numerous solved examples, and problems.

This comprehensive text covers:

• Introduction to kinetics via rate equations and mechanisms
• Theory of reaction rates with a section on utilizing trajectory calculations to simulate reactions
• Prediction of potential energy surfaces including methods for directing the reaction rate
• Examination of catalysis, particularly how solvents, metals, and oxides can be used to modify the potential energy surface for reactions and thereby modify reaction rates

Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis is an indispensable tool for both students and researchers in engineering, chemistry, and biochemistry.

Additional problems and solutions are available at
www.wiley.com/chemicalkinetics

Catalysis is a multidisciplinary subject. This book introduces the chemical, materials, and engineering principles of catalysis so that both MSc and PhD students with a basic but not extensive knowledge of chemistry and physics and those with a basic understanding of chemical engineering can learn more about catalysis. Examples are taken from catalytic reactions and catalysts used in the energy, petroleum, and base-chemicals industry.The second edition differs from the first edition in the way basic topics are integrated with catalytic applications. The authors introduce two new chapters: 'Cleaning of Fuels by Hydrotreating' and 'Electrocatalysis'. Hydrotreating is a very important industrial process and offers the opportunity to discuss metal sulfide catalysts. Electrocatalysis gains more and more attention because it can be used to minimize the anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Solar, wind, and hydroelectricity can drive water electrolysis and CO2 electroreduction and, therefore, excess renewable electricity can be stored in chemicals.Introduction to Heterogeneous Catalysis (Second Edition) is intended for a one-semester course for master and PhD students who want to learn more about the principles of catalysis. This must-read textbook will enable students to read catalysis literature without much difficulty and presents not only the basic concepts of catalysis but integrates the chemical, materials, and engineering aspects of catalysis with industry examples.

The focus of the book is on the fundamental concepts that are needed to understand how solid surfaces act as catalysts. The aim is not to give a complete overview of types of catalysts or catalytic processes or to give a detailed introduction to the experimental and computational methods that are used to study them. A number of recent textbooks cover these areas very well; see the "further reading" list at the end of the chapter. We will use a number of simple catalytic processes as examples throughout, but only in order to develop the general rules according to which heterogeneous catalysis works. Chapters include: The Potential Energy Diagram; Surface Equilibria; RateConstants; Energy Trends in Catalysis; The Electron Factor in Heterogeneous Catalysis; Catalyst Structure: The Nature of the Active Site; Poisoning and Promotion of Catalysis; Surface Electrocatalysis; and Relation of Activity toSurface Electronic Structure

The chemical or biological process whereby the presence of an external compound, a catalyst, serves as an agent to cause a chemical reaction to occur or to improve reaction performance without altering the external compound. Catalysis is a very important process from an industrial point of view since the production of most industrially important chemicals involve catalysis. Research into catalysis is a major field in applied science, and involves many fields of chemistry and physics. The new book brings together leading research in this vibrant field.

Implementing biocatalytic strategies in an industrial setting at a commercial scale is a challenging task, necessitating a balance between industrial need against economic viability. With invited contributions from small and large-scale chemical and pharmaceutical companies, this book bridges the gap between academia and industry. Contributors discuss current processes, types of biocatalysts and improvements, industrial motivation and key aspects to economically succeed. With its focus on industry related issues, this book will be a useful tool for future research by both practitioners and academics.

Comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of onium ions—an indispensable reference for academic and industrial chemists

In Onium Ions, Nobel Prize-winning chemist George Olah joins forces with coauthors Kenneth Laali, Qi Wang, and G. K. Surya Prakash to offer an in-depth look at the chemistry and reactions of these important electron-deficient compounds. While other texts have covered various individual types of onium ions, this work addresses the structure and chemistry of numerous different classes of onium ions. Contents include:

• Discussions of well-established classes of onium ions, such as azonium, oxonium, sulfonium, selenonium, telluronium, and phosphonium ions.
• Coverage of more recent types, from siliconium, halonium, and carbonium to carboxonium, carbosulfonium, and carbazonium ions.
• Clear explanations of definition, classification, preparation, and chemistry of each major group of onium ions.
• An exploration of superelectrophilic activation of onium ions through contact with superacid media.

Enriched with numerous illustrations and a full listing of references for each chapter, Onium Ions should be a staple text in the professional chemist's library.

An outstanding international scientific event in the field of metathesis chemistry, the NATO ASI "Green Metathesis Chemistry: Great Challenges in Synthesis, Catalysis and Nanotechnology" has been recently organized in Bucharest, Romania (July 21- August 2, 2008). Numerous renowned scientists, young researchers and students, convened for two weeks to present and debate on the newest trends in alkene metathesis and identify future perspectives in this fascinating area of organic, organometallic, catalysis and polymer chemistry with foreseen important applications in materials science and technology. Following the fruitful practice of NATO Advanced Study Institutes, selected contributions covering plenary lectures, short communications and posters have been compiled in this special volume dedicated to this successful convention on green metathesis chemistry.

General interest was primarily focused on relevant "green chemistry" features related to all types of metathesis reactions (RCM, CM, enyne metathesis, ADMET and ROMP). Diverse opportunities for green and sustainable technologies and industrial procedures based on metahesis have been identified. Largely exemplified was the utility of this broadly applicable strategy in organic synthesis, for accessing natural products and pharmaceuticals, and also its ability to fit in the manufacture of smart and nanostructured materials, self-assemblies with nanoscale morphologies, macromolecular engineering.

This volume covers recent advances in the chemistry of ylidic compounds with focus on their application in the design of ligands with unique donor properties, the development of novel organic transformations as well as the use of ylides in homogenous catalysis. Thereby, this volume particularly aims at the community of organic and organometallic chemists engaged in synthetic chemistry and catalysis as well as in the use of special ligands for the stabilization of unusual main group element species and the "transition-metal free" activation of element-element/hydrogen bonds. These fields of research are highly active and vivid research areas to which ylide chemistry has only recently started to contribute, but has already led to fascinating developments in most different directions. This volume highlights these recent developments, thus giving not only an overview over the past achievements, but also possibilities for future applications. To this end, the chapters selected in this volume combine different aspects of ylide chemistry, starting with theoretical aspects in ligand design followed by synthetic organic methods, catalytic transformations and complex chemistry.

Heterogeneous catalysis plays a central role in the global energy paradigm, with practically all energy-related process relying on a catalyst at a certain point. The application of heterogeneous catalysts will be of paramount importance to achieve the transition towards low carbon and sustainable societies. This book provides an overview of the design, limitations and challenges of heterogeneous catalysts for energy applications. In an attempt to cover a broad spectrum of scenarios, the book considers traditional processes linked to fossil fuels such as reforming and hydrocracking, as well as catalysis for sustainable energy applications such as hydrogen production, photocatalysis, biomass upgrading and conversion of CO2 to clean fuels. Novel approaches in catalysts design are covered, including microchannel reactors and structured catalysts, catalytic membranes and ionic liquids. With contributions from leaders in the field, Heterogeneous Catalysis for Energy Applications will be an essential toolkit for chemists, physicists, chemical engineers and industrials working on energy.

Heterogeneous catalysis is a core area of contemporary physical chemistry posing major fundamental and conceptual challenges. Catalysis lies at the heart of the chemical industry - an immensely successful and important part of the overall UK economy, and catalysis plays a crucial part in the production of 80% of all manufactured goods. Catalysis is a major theme in the chemical sciences and engineering that underlies much of the key research and teaching in these subjects. The reaction mechanisms of many commercial processes although successfully operated, are still a matter of debate and controversy, e.g. methanol synthesis and the Fischer-Tropsch process. Modern theoretical methods are now playing a central role in understanding reaction mechanisms and are starting to enable catalyst design. This volume brings together internationally leading researchers in this field to explore and exchange ideas concerning the key aspects of reaction mechanism studies and how this can drive the rational design of catalysts. In this volume, the topics covered include: Theory and reaction mechanisms Challenges of using advanced characterisation methods for in situ reaction mechanism studies Opportunities for understanding reaction mechanisms under flow conditions Dynamic catalytic systems on the border of heterogeneous/homogeneous catalysis

This book covers advances in the methods of catalytic asymmetric synthesis and their applications. Coverage moves from new materials and technologies to homogeneous metal-free catalysts and homogeneous metal catalysts. The applications of several methodologies for the synthesis of biologically active molecules are discussed. Part I addresses recent advances in new materials and technologies such as supported catalysts, supports, self-supported catalysts, chiral ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, flow reactors and microwaves related to asymmetric catalysis. Part II covers advances and milestones in organocatalytic, enzymatic and metal-based mediated asymmetric synthesis, including applications for the synthesis of biologically active molecules. Written by leading international experts, this book consists of 16 chapters with 2000 References and illustrations of 560 schemes and figures.

Organometallic chemistry explores the chemistry of the often bewildering variety of compounds featuring metal-carbon bonds. A field that has underpinned the development of new synthetic methods and materials, it is also central to our understanding of catalysis. In his text, Manfred Bochmann distils the extensive knowledge of the field into a succinct overview of essential concepts. The book is enriched throughout with examples that demonstrate how our understanding of organometallic chemistry has led to new applications in research and industry - not least in relation to catalysis - and an extensive reaction schemes and structures give added clarity to the concepts being explained. Striking just the right balance between breadth and depth - and with features throughout to support the learning process - Organometallics and Catalysis is the perfect introduction for undergraduate and graduate students who need a thorough grounding on the subject or are embarking on new research areas. Online Resource Centre: The Online Resource Centre to accompany Organometallics and Catalysis: An Introduction features: For registered adopters of the text: - Figures from the book in electronic format For everyone: - Curated links to relevant video materials on YouTube

Hydrogenation is a key reaction in both the food and petrochemical industries, where it is used to reduce carbon-carbon double bonds. Without a catalyst, hydrogenation reactions require extreme temperatures to occur, meaning catalysts are essential for the reaction to be industrially useful. During the past decade, the properties of many carbon nanomaterials that are relevant to hydrogenation catalysis have been described, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), carbon nanohorns (CNHs), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxides (rGO) and fullerenes, that are relevant to hydrogenation catalysis, have been described. For many of these the production methods have advanced to the commercial stage. Numerous studies on the development of catalysts on carbon nano-supports have appeared in the scientific literature and these catalysts have shown remarkable activity and specificity. Carbon Nanomaterials in Hydrogenation Catalysis is a valuable reference for researchers and chemical engineers working on improving hydrogenation processes and those interested in applications for carbon nanomaterials. Covering their production, modification and applications as a catalyst support this book provides an in-depth review of the current state-of-the art in using carbon nanomaterials for hydrogenation reactions.

Andreas Lerchen untersucht verschiedene Parameter von unterschiedlichen dirigierenden Gruppen fur neuartige Transformationen mittels RhodiumIII-Katalyse. Die dabei gefundenen Methoden werden zunachst erfolgreich optimiert und anschliessend auf den Anwendungsbereich getestet. Dadurch kann der Autor ein neuartiges breites Reaktionsspektrum fur RhIII-katalysierte C-H-Bindungsaktivierung abdecken. Unter den erhaltenen Produkten befinden sich auch die pharmazeutisch bedeutsamen neutralen Cinnolin-Derivate sowie chlorierte Reaktionsprodukte.

Friederike Adams untersucht 2-Aminoalkoxybis(phenolat)-Lanthanoid-Komplexe in der Seltenerdmetall-katalysierten Gruppentransferpolymerisation von Michael-Monomeren. Neu entwickelte C1-symmetrische Komplexe sind dabei in der Lage, isospezifisch 2-Vinylpyridin zu polymerisieren. Mechanistische Studien uber 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie zeigen, dass die Katalysatorumgebung dabei stereoregulierend wirkt. Die Autorin fuhrt ausserdem erfolgreich Studien zur C-H-Bindungsaktivierung von Heteroaromaten via -Bindungsmetathese durch, um effizientere Initiatoren in diese Systeme einzufuhren.

In der modernen Chemie nehmen heterogen katalysierte Reaktionen einen immer bedeutenderen Platz ein. So laufen grosstechnische Prozesse in der chemischen Industrie zu mehr als 85 % mit Unterstutzung von heterogenen Katalysatoren ab. Grosse Bereiche des Umwelt- und Klimaschutzes sowie der nachhaltigen Energieversorgung profitieren von Katalyseverfahren. Ziel ist es, die oekologische und oekonomische Dimension bei den chemischen Stoffwandlungsprozessen unter Einsatz von Katalysatoren in optimaler Weise zusammenzufuhren. Demzufolge kommen immer mehr Chemiker, Chemieingenieure und Verfahrenstechniker mit der heterogenen Katalyse in Beruhrung. Dieses Buch dient dazu, den Studenten und Wissenschaftlern, die sich in das Gebiet der heterogenen Katalyse einarbeiten wollen, eine Orientierungshilfe zu geben. Diese besteht in der Vermittlung wesentlicher Grundlagen des Handwerks eines Katalyseforschers, wie die physikalisch-chemischen Aspekte und das Verstehen der Wirkungsweise fester Katalysatoren, die traditionellen und speziellen Methoden ihrer Herstellung, die Moeglichkeiten der texturellen, strukturellen und oberflachenchemischen Charakterisierung sowie der labortechnischen Beurteilung der Aktivitat, Selektivitat und Langzeitstabilitat von Katalysatorsystemen und schliesslich die Einsatzgebiete metallischer, oxidischer und bifunktioneller Katalysatoren.

Michael Fleige befasst sich mit dem derzeit hochaktuellen Themenfeld der Umwandlung von Kohlendioxd, CO2, in nutzbare Wertstoffe, hier der Herstellung von Methan uber die Sabatier-Reaktion. Als neuartigen Ansatz untersucht der Autor die direkte Umwandlung aus dem Rauchgas bei der Verbrennung fossiler Brennstoffe in Kraftwerken. Der Fokus liegt auf den Einflussen von Rauchgasbestandteilen wie Restsauerstoff, SO2 und NO2 auf die Aktivitat des Katalysators sowie auf die Ausbeute des Prozesses. Der Autor bewertet diese Effekte ebenso wie die Herausforderungen, die aus der Verdunnung des CO2 in Rauchgasen resultieren, und setzt die verfahrenstechnische Eignung von Rauchgasen in kritischen Bezug zu alternativen Kohlendioxidquellen in anderen Industriezweigen.

This book describes solid surfaces and their properties on both small and large scales. It look at how atoms and molecules interact with surfaces and how and why they subsequently react and/or behave. The book is written for undergraduates, and builds on their knowledge from their first year. It reflects the striking advances made in recent years through the study of well defined single crystal surfaces.

Proteolytic enzymes break peptide bonds. As well as being involved in a multitude of important physiological processes, they are also important research tools. The focus of this book is on the practical aspects of the handling, characterization, inhibition, and use of this diverse class of enzymes.

Catalysis is one of the most important technologies in our modern world. We depend on it to produce plastics and fuel, and to remove pollutants emitted by the engines of cars. This book covers heterogeneous catalysis, the most important type of catalysis for industry. It is split into 3 sections, dealing with the fundamentals of adsorption and reaction at surface, the nature of heterogeneous catalysts and their synthesis, and the latest applications of this technology.

Conversion of light and electricity to chemicals is an important component of a sustainable energy system. The exponential growth in renewable energy generation implies that there will be strong market pull for chemical energy storage technology in the near future, and here carbon dioxide utilization must play a central role. The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide is key in achieving these goals. Carbon Dioxide Electrochemistry showcases different advances in the field, and bridges the two worlds of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis that are often perceived as in competition in research. Chapters cover homogeneous and heterogeneous electrochemical reduction of CO2, nanostructures for CO2 reduction, hybrid systems for CO2 conversion, electrochemical reactors, theoretical approaches to catalytic reduction of CO2, and photoelectrodes for electrochemical conversion. With internationally well-known editors and authors, this book will appeal to graduate students and researchers in energy, catalysis, chemical engineering and chemistry who work on carbon dioxide.

This will be a must-have work for scientists and practitioners in any field related to modern chemical research. It will also be highly useful for many workers in industry who are required to keep up-to-date with the latest news in chemistry and applied chemistry. So much is covered here in critical review, from the present position of developing research to future trends, that this book will still be an indispensable text ten years from now.

This book is a critical account of the principles of the kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions in the light of recent developments in surface science and catalysis science. Originally published in 1984. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.