Catalysis is a fundamentally sustainable process which can be used to produce a wide range of chemicals and their intermediates. Focussing on those catalytic processes which offer the most sustainability, this set of books explores recent developments in this field, as well as examining future challenges. Two of the books focus on catalysis through non-endangered metals and two look at catalysis without metals or other endangered elements. Green aspects of the various reactions are also discussed, such as atom economy and use of green solvents and other reaction conditions. Together these four volumes examine the progress in sustainable catalysis in all areas of chemistry, and are an important reference for researchers working in catalysis and green chemistry.

Discover the latest research in photocatalysis combined with foundational topics in basic physical and chemical photocatalytic processes In Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: From Fundamentals to Applications in Energy Conversion and Depollution, distinguished researcher and editor Jennifer Strunk delivers a rigorous discussion of the two main topics in her field--energy conversion and depollution reactions. The book covers topics like water splitting, CO2 reduction, NOx abatement and harmful organics degradation. In addition to the latest research on these topics, the reference provides readers with fundamental information about elementary physical and chemical processes in photocatalysis that are extremely practical in this interdisciplinary field. It offers an excellent overview of modern heterogeneous photocatalysis and combines concepts from different viewpoints to allow researchers with backgrounds as varied as electrochemistry, material science, and semiconductor physics to begin developing solutions with photocatalysis. In addition to subjects like metal-free photocatalysts and photocarrier loss pathways in metal oxide absorber materials for photocatalysis explored with time-resolved spectroscopy, readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: Thorough introductions to kinetic and thermodynamic considerations for photocatalyst design and the logic, concepts, and methods of the design of reliable studies on photocatalysis Detailed explorations of in-situ spectroscopy for mechanistic studies in semiconductor photocatalysis and the principles and limitations of photoelectrochemical fuel generation Discussions of photocatalysis, including the heterogeneous catalysis perspective and insights into photocatalysis from computational chemistry Treatments of selected aspects of photoreactor engineering and defects in photocatalysis Perfect for photochemists, physical and catalytic chemists, electrochemists, and materials scientists, Heterogeneous Photocatalysis will also earn a place in the libraries of surface physicists and environmental chemists seeking up-to-date information about energy conversion and depollution reactions.

Palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions constitute a powerful class of chemical methods for the creation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds used in organic synthesis, famously recognized by the 2010 Nobel Prize awarded to Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki 'for palladium-catalysed cross-couplings in organic synthesis.' This book provides the reader with the history and basic, concepts of cross-coupling up to the state of the art in modern coupling reactions from both technology and applied perspectives. Edited by Thomas J. Colacot, an expert on cross coupling, the book contains contributions from academic and industrial world leaders in the field, as well as Forewords from Professor Barry M. Trost, Gregory C. Fu and 2010 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry Professor Ei-ichi Negishi. It serves as a reference guide for both undergraduate and graduate students as well as those who are experts in the area. '... this compilation, a "must" for anyone interested in learning and using newer trends in cross-coupling.' Ei-ichi Negishi, 2010 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 'I am very pleased to see such a book concerning cross coupling reactions published.' Professor Akira Suzuki - 2010 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry '... this book is invaluable to anyone involved in synthesis of organic compounds for any purpose.' Professor Barry Trost, Stanford University

The application of biocatalysis in organic synthesis is rapidly gaining popularity amongst chemists. Compared to traditional synthetic methodologies biocatalysis offers a number of advantages in terms of enhanced selectivity (chemo-, regio-, stereo-), reduced environmental impact and lower cost of starting materials. Together these advantages can contribute to more sustainable manufacturing processes across a wide range of industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to biofuels. The biocatalytic toolbox has expanded significantly in the past five years and given the current rate of development of new engineered biocatalysts it is likely that the number of available biocatalysts will double in the next few years. This textbook gives a comprehensive overview of the current biocatalytic toolbox and also establishes new guidelines or rules for "biocatalytic retrosynthesis". Retrosynthesis is a well known and commonly used technique whereby organic chemists start with the structure of their target molecule and generate potential starting materials and intermediates through a series of retrosynthetic disconnections. These disconnections are then used to devise a forward synthesis, in this case using biocatalytic transformations in some of the key steps. Target molecules are disconnected with consideration for applying biocatalysts, as well as chemical reagents and chemocatalysts, in the forward synthesis direction. Using this textbook, students will be able to place biocatalysis within the context of other synthetic transformations that they have learned earlier in their studies. This additional awareness of biocatalysis will equip students for the modern world of organic synthesis where biocatalysts play an increasingly important role. In addition to guidelines for identifying where biocatalysts can be applied in organic synthesis, this textbook also provides examples of current applications of biocatalysis using worked examples and case studies. Tutorials enable the reader to practice disconnecting target molecules to find the 'hidden' biocatalytic reactions which can be applied in the synthetic direction. The book contains a complete description of the current biocatalyst classes that are available for use and also suggests areas where new enzymes are likely to be developed in the next few years. This textbook is an essential resource for lecturers and students studying synthetic organic chemistry. It also serves as a handy reference for practicing chemists who wish to embed biocatalysis into their synthetic toolbox.

Many important industrial chemical processes rely heavily on catalysis and so researchers are always on the lookout for alternative catalytic materials that may improve existing processes or lead to new ones. Families of alternative catalytic materials currently being investigated include the carbides, nitrides and phosphides as well as amorphous boron catalysts. The addition of carbon, nitrogen or phosphorous to transition metals and the creation of boron-transition metal alloys leads to catalytic materials that have interesting properties, with applications in a range of different reactions, including electrocatalysis. This book provides a comprehensive account of the preparation, characterisation and application of these catalytic materials. It is an important reference for researchers and industrialists working in heterogeneous catalysis and materials chemistry.

In recent years, semiconductor-based heterogeneous photocatalysis has received great attention as a promising "green" approach enabling the sustainable development of environment and energy, such as the removal of organic dye pollutants from wastewater and selective organic transformations under ambient conditions. Chapter one of this book summarises recent advances on the characterisation and photocatalytic properties of well-defined ceria (CeO2) nanocrystals, including one-dimensional nanorods and three-dimensional nanocubes that are hydrothermally synthesised. Chapter two summarises recent advances on the characterisation and photocatalytic properties of well-defined perovskite potassium niobate (KNbO3) with different morphologies, and with emphasis on the effect of crystal structure on photoreactivity. The final chapter summarises fundamental principles of the design of solar-light-driven semiconductor-based photocatalytic systems for water splitting and H2 evolution from water and aqueous solutions of various electron-donating sacrificial substrates, the state-of-the-art in the development of such systems, perspectives and challenges in the field of the green and sustainable photocatalytic hydrogen production.

There are several fundamental challenges that are yet to be resolved within the field of nanoalloys, including a comprehensive understanding of their structure and properties and how they can be used in the design of catalysts, nanomagnets and nano-optic devices. There is a need for theoretical models to be developed which can provide clues with regards to the preparation and potential applications of various nanoalloys in realistic environments. The unique format of the Faraday Discussions meetings enables in-depth discussions across the full scope of the field, offering new perspectives in their structures, properties and subsequent applications. This volume brings together leading experts from across the globe interested in bi- and multimetallic nanoalloys to explore and exchange ideas on recent developments and future possibilities. In this volume the topics covered are organised into the following themes: Nanoalloy structures Nanoalloy catalysis Magnetic and optical properties of nanoalloys Applications of nanoalloys

Catalysis is the chemical or biological process whereby the presence of an external compound, a catalyst, serves as an agent to cause a chemical reaction to occur or to improve reaction performance without altering the external compound. Catalysis is a very important process from an industrial point of view since the production of most industrially important chemicals involve catalysis. Research into catalysis is a major field in applied science, and involves many fields of chemistry and physics. The book brings together leading research in this vibrant field.

The chemical or biological process whereby the presence of an external compound, a catalyst, serves as an agent to cause a chemical reaction to occur or to improve reaction performance without altering the external compound. Catalysis is a very important process from an industrial point of view since the production of most industrially important chemicals involve catalysis. Catalysis research is a major field in applied science, and involves many fields of chemistry and physics. The new book brings together leading research in this vibrant field.

Catalysis is a chemical or biological process whereby the presence of an external compound, a catalyst, serves as an agent to cause a chemical reaction to occur or to improve reaction performance without altering the external compound. Catalysis is a very important process from an industrial point of view since the production of most industrially important chemicals involve catalysis. Research into catalysis is a major field in applied science, and involves many fields of chemistry and physics. The new book brings together leading research in this vibrant field.

This book illustrates the broad field of enantioselective catalysis by highlighting a few topics, out of myriads, with the double aim to typify selected synthetic achievements and future challenges. Eleven research groups have highlighted topics of interest in either organo- or organometallic catalysis, related to their own expertise. For mature fields, these short chapters, far from being exhaustive, show updated overviews including major recent advances and disclose a few prospects. Other chapters focus on upcoming topics in enantioselective catalysis, i.e. on classes of reactions or families of catalysts that are expected to provide appealing synthetic tools when suitably mastered. For all these areas, recent studies demonstrate highly promising perspectives.

Currently the field of nanocatalysis is undergoing many exciting developments and the design of silica-based organic-inorganic hybrid nanocatalysts is a key focus of the researchers working in this field.This book aims to present a succinct overview of the recent research progress directed towards the fabrication of silica-based organic-inorganic hybrid catalytic systems encompassing the key advantages of silica nanoparticles and silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles in an integrated manner. Featuring comprehensive descriptions of almost all approaches utilized for the synthesis of nanomaterials including some latest techniques such as flow and microwave-assisted synthesis that enable large-scale synthesis, it proves useful not only to academics but also industrialists. It also includes a systematic discussion on the vital characterization techniques employed for authenticating the structure of these.The title also offers an enormous amount of knowledge about the fusion of nanotechnology with green chemistry that strives to meet the scientific challenges of protecting human health and the environment.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials for photocatalytic applications have attracted attention in recent years due to their unique thickness-dependent physiochemical properties. 2D materials offer enhanced functionality over traditional three-dimensional (3D) photocatalysts due to modified chemical composition and electronic structures, as well as abundant surface active sites. This book reviews the applications of 2D-related nano-materials in solar-driven catalysis, providing an up-to-date introduction to the design and use of 2D-related photo(electro)catalysts. This includes not only application areas such as fine chemicals synthesis, water splitting, CO2 reduction, and N2 fixation, but also catalyst design and preparation. Some typical 2D and 2D-related materials (such as layered double hydroxides (LDHs), layered metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene, g-C3N4, etc.) are classified, and relationships between structure and property are demonstrated, with emphasis on how to improve 2D-related materials performance for practical applications. While the focus of this book will primarily be on experimental studies, computational results will serve as a necessary reference. With chapters written by expert researchers in their fields, Photocatalysis Using 2D Nanomaterials will provide advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and other researchers convenient introductions to these topics.

Iron Catalysis: Design and Applications is an exciting new book that takes readers inside the world of iron catalysis guided by international catalysis expert, Dr Jose M Palomo. Iron is the most abundant metal in the planet, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, with an easily manipulated remediation process. In the last few years the use of this nonprecious metal has gained extraordinary attention particularly for its potential as a catalyst in different areas. This book compiles a series of chapters describing the most significant advances in the last few years since the design of different iron catalysts and nanocatalysts and iron-containing artificial and natural enzymes. The chapters also cover its application in different areas of interest such as organic synthesis, environmental remediation, enzyme-like activities or the creation of novel types of electrodes for battery design.

With a foreword from leading organic chemist Professor Paul Wender, this book collects the major developments reported in the past thirty years in the field of enantioselective reactions promoted by chiral cobalt catalysts, illustrating the power of these green catalysts to provide all types of organic reactions from the basic to completely novel methodologies. The search for new methodologies to prepare optically pure products is one of the most active areas of research in organic synthesis. Of the methods available for preparing chiral compounds, catalytic asymmetric synthesis has attracted the most attention. In particular, asymmetric transition-metal catalysis is a powerful tool for performing reactions in a highly enantioselective fashion. Efforts to develop new asymmetric transformations have previously focused on the use of rare metals such as titanium, palladium, iridium and gold. However, the ever-growing need for environmentally friendly catalytic processes has prompted chemists to focus on the more abundant and less toxic first-row transition metals, such as cobalt, to develop new catalytic systems. The ability of cobalt catalysts to adopt unexpected reaction pathways has led to an impressive number of enantioselective cobalt-promoted transformations being developed over the past three decades. These have included the synthesis of many different types of products, often under relatively mild conditions and with remarkable enantioselectivities. This book is a useful reference resource for chemists, both academic and industrial, working in organic synthesis and interested in greener or more economical catalytic alternatives.

Biorefineries are becoming increasingly important in providing sustainable routes for chemical industry processes. The establishment of bio-economic models, based on biorefineries for the creation of innovative products with high added value, such as biochemicals and bioplastics, allows the development of "green chemistry" methods in synergy with traditional chemistry. This reduces the heavy dependence on imports and assists the development of economically and environmentally sustainable production processes, that accommodate the huge investments, research and innovation efforts. This book explores the most effective or promising catalytic processes for the conversion of biobased components into high added value products, as platform chemicals and intermediates. With a focus on heterogeneous catalysis, this book is ideal for researchers working in catalysis and in green chemistry.

In less than 20 years N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become well-established ancillary ligands for the preparation of transition metal-based catalysts. This is mainly due to the fact that NHCs tend to bind strongly to metal centres, avoiding the need of excess ligand in catalytic reactions. Also, NHC-metal complexes are often insensitive to air and moisture, and have proven remarkably resistant to oxidation. This book showcases the wide variety of applications of NHCs in different chemistry fields beyond being simple phosphine mimics. This second edition has been updated throughout, and now includes a new chapter on NHC-main group element complexes. It covers the synthesis of NHC ligands and their corresponding metal complexes, as well as their bonding and stereoelectronic properties and applications in catalysis. This is complemented by related topics such as organocatalysis and biologically active complexes. Written for organic and inorganic chemists, this book is ideal for postgraduates, researchers and industrialists.

Combining the basic concepts of photocatalysis with the synthesis of new catalysts, reactor and reaction engineering, this book provides a comprehensive resource on the topic. The book introduces the fundamental aspects of photocatalysis including the role of surface chemistry and understanding the chemistry of photocatalytic processes before exploring the theory and experimental studies of charge carrier dynamics. Specific chapters then cover new materials for the degradation of organics; water splitting and CO2 reduction; as well as reactor and reaction engineering. Researchers new to this discipline can learn the first principles, whilst experienced researchers can gain further information about aspects in photocatalysis beyond their area of expertise. Together with Photocatalysis: Applications, these volumes provide a complete overview to photocatalysis.

Catalysis is a fundamentally sustainable process which can be used to produce a wide range of chemicals and their intermediates. Focussing on those catalytic processes which offer the most sustainability, this two-part book explores recent developments in this field, as well as examining future challenges. Focussing on catalysis without metals or other endangered elements, each chapter covers a different type of organocatalyst. Beginning with chapters on acid and base catalysis, the book then concentrates on asymmetric catalysis. Several chapters cover pyrrolidine-based and cinchona alkaloid-based catalysts, whilst other chapters examine further organoctalysts which are constructed only from sustainable elements. Together with "Sustainable Catalysis: With Non-endangered Metals", these books examine the progress in sustainable catalysis in all areas of chemistry, and are an important reference for researchers working in catalysis and green chemistry.

"We heartily recommend this book to all readers who wish to gain a better understanding of nanostructured carbon materials surface properties and used in catalysis." An-Hui Lu, ChemCatChem There is great interest in using nanostructured carbon materials in catalysis, either as supports for immobilizing active species or as metal-free catalysts due to their unique structural, thermal, chemical, electronic and mechanical properties, and tailorable surface chemistry. This book looks at the structure and properties of different doped and undoped nanocarbons including graphene; fullerenes; nanodiamonds; carbon nanotubes and nanofibers; their synthesis and modification to produce catalysts. Special attention is paid to adsorption, as it impacts the application of these materials in various industrially relevant catalytic reactions discussed herein, in addition to photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. Written by leading experts in the area, this is the first book to provide a comprehensive view of the subject for the catalysis community.

Catalysis has always been part of the development of mankind; from the fermentation of alcoholic drinks, through the development of fertilisers in the agricultural revolution and production of bulk chemicals in the 20th Century. Today, society demands improved production routes with greater product output and energy efficiency; the ultimate goal to achieving this would be having all catalytic reactions in concert, effectively functioning like a biological cell. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a relatively new type of hybrid material. Their crystalline porous structure, built up from organic and inorganic building blocks, presents a vast array of composition, porosity and functionality offering enormous potential in catalytic systems. This book examines the latest research and discovery in the use of MOFs in catalysis, highlighting the extent to which these materials have been embraced by the community. Beyond presenting a digest of recent research by major players in the field, the book presents the strategies behind recent developments, providing a lasting reference for seasoned researchers and newcomers to the field.

"Catalysis in Electrochemistry: From Fundamental Aspects to Strategies for Fuel Cell Development" is a modern, comprehensive reference work on catalysis in electrochemistry, including principles, methods, strategies, and applications. It points out differences between catalysis at gas/surfaces and electrochemical interfaces, along with the future possibilities and impact of electrochemical science on energy problems. This book contributes both to fundamental science; experience in the design, preparation, and characterization of electrocatalytic materials; and the industrial application of electrocatalytic materials for electrochemical reactions. This is an essential resource for scientists globally in academia, industry, and government institutions.

This book presents current research in the study of the principles, types and applications of catalysis. Topics discussed in this compilation include macroporous materials; a new kind of eco-compatible hybrid biocatalyst for selective reactions; new research in poylmer supported catalysts; ionic liquids as a catalyst or solvent for various organic transformations; polyoxometalates as effective catalyst for selective delignification of cellulosic pulps by ozone; hybrid organic-inorganic materials; preparation and characterization of coated microchannels for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx and emerging catalysts for wet air oxidation process.

This book addresses the use of ionic liquids in biotransformation and organocatalysis. Its major parts include: an overview of the fundamentals of ionic liquids and their interactions with proteins and enzymes; the use of ILs in biotransformations; non-solvent applications such as additives, membranes, substrate anchoring, and the use of ILs in organocatalysis (from solvents to co-catalysts and new reactivities, as well as non-solvent applications such as anchoring and immobilization).

Written by an excellent, highly experienced and motivated team of lecturers, this textbook is based on one of the most successful courses in catalysis and as such is tried-and-tested by generations of graduate and PhD students. It covers all essential aspects of this important topic, including homogeneous, heterogeneous and biocatalysis, but also kinetics, reactor design and engineering. The perfect source of information for graduate and PhD students in chemistry and chemical engineering, as well as for scientists wanting to refresh their knowledge.