Videos from the "What Is a Criminal?" lecture series whatisacriminal.org (the inspiration for the book) will remain freely available, and will be described in the book. These can be used by professors as supplemental multimedia content both for in-class and out-of-class assignments. The Editor has provided an instructors' introduction that suggests classroom uses for the individual essays and chapters. Some of the stories are told scholars, some by people working in the justice system, and some by people who were formally incarcerated. It is very rare to find these three groups participating in a common discussion about the core concept that brings them together. The book's narrative-based, multi-voiced form will not only help students think broadly and deeply about this important topic, but also interest them enough to share the stories with their families and friends, generating ideas and discussions that ripple well beyond the classroom.

Considers how legal reforms and awareness-raising associated with building the rule of law, have engaged the popular legal consciousness, producing contradictions that have in turn shaped the nature of the resultant legality. Explores the case study of the Democratic Republic of Congo. This book will appeal to comparativists, Africanists, and socio-legal scholars.

Corrections: A Critical Approach (third edition) confronts mass imprisonment in the United States, a nation boasting the highest incarceration rate in the world. This statistic is all the more troubling considering that its correctional population is overrepresented by the poor, African-Americans, and Latinos.

Not only throwing crucial light on matters involving race and social class, this book also identifies and examines the key social forces shaping penal practice in the US politics, economics, morality, and technology. By attending closely to historical and theoretical development, the narrative takes into account both instrumental (goal-oriented) as well as expressive (cultural) explanations to sharpen our understanding of punishment and the growing reliance on incarceration.

Covering five main areas of inquiry penal context, penal populations, penal violence, penal process, and penal state this book is essential reading for both undergraduate and graduate students interested in undertaking a critical analysis of penology.

This book presents a vivid description of the solutions that researchers have discovered for ethical dilemmas that pose themselves at studying disadvantaged, vulnerable and victimized populations. Ethical codes prescribe that the scholar should in all circumstances avoid potential harm, that informed consent is necessary and that the limits of confidentiality should always be respected. However, in the practice of research among women involved in prostitution, illegal immigrant workers, enslaved children, people who sell their organs and all the traffickers thereof, the ethical rules cannot always be followed. This book shows that there is a surprising variety of arguable possibilities in dealing with ethical dilemmas in the field. Authors reflect on concrete experiences from their own fieldwork in a wide variety of settings such as the USA, Singapore, Kosovo and The Netherlands. Some choose to work on the basis of conscientious partiality, others negotiate the rules with their informants and still others purposely break the rules in order to disclose and damage the exploiters. Researchers may find themselves in a vulnerable position. Their experiences, as presented in this volume, will help field workers, university administrators, representatives of vulnerable groups, philosophers of ethics and most of all students to go into the field well-prepared.This is a book that every researcher planning to do fieldwork in the difficult field of hidden, illicit and victimized people should read in advance. Dr. Frank Bovenkerk, Professor (Emeritus), Willem Pompe Institute for Criminal Law and Criminology, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands This book allows a peek in the kitchen of empirical fieldwork, going into not only "best practices," but mistakes made, in a frank, courageous and honest way. Dr. Brenda C. Oude Breuil, Willem Pompe Institute for Criminal Law and Criminology, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands

The famous "Kadi" cases have generated a wealth of articles dealing with the legal problems involved in EU implementation of UN Security Council sanctions. Less attention has been devoted to the numerous legal problems involved in the EU's own "autonomous" sanctions system. The subject is nevertheless topical since there is a growing use of sanctions and the legal basis for sanctions has been changed with the Lisbon treaty. EU sanctions are used both against regimes and suspected terrorist financing. But these sanctions have developed "organically", without sufficient thought being given to certain basic issues (inter alia concerning procedural fairness). This has resulted in considerable litigation before the Court of Justice (CJEU). The new legal basis and the recent judgments from the CJEU have solved some difficulties, but "taking sanctions seriously" means new problems for national implementation, spanning over a variety of areas: criminal law, constitutional law, international law and European law. The essays in this book, written by distinguished scholars in their respective fields, deal with some of these issues. How should we go about measuring the impact(s) of targeted sanctions? How coherent are these "administrative" measures of blacklisting with other existing and proposed EU measures in justice and home affairs promoting the criminal law model for dealing with the problem of terrorism (investigation, trial, conviction, punishment/confiscation of assets)? How can the problems caused for fair trial by the use of intelligence material be solved? If we can (or must) continue to have sanctions in the area of terrorist financing, can they be made compatible with fundamental principles of national criminal law and criminal policy? How does a system of "composite" decision-making (when the measure is partly national and partly at the EU level) avoid the risk that gaps arise in systems of legal protection? What is the spillover effect of "overbroad" quasi-criminal legislation directed at organizations, in the constitutional/human rights of freedom of expression and association? How do EU sanctions fit into, and compare to national systems for the proscription of terrorist organizations? Should the same legal safeguards be applicable both for "regime" sanctions and anti-terrorist sanctions?

This book explores how young people perceive the severity of crime and delinquency. It particularly addresses whom or what they consider to be the victims of crime and delinquency, how they analyze and assess appropriate responses by the criminal justice system, as well as their place within it. The book proposes tools for developing a more elaborate and robust understanding of what constitutes crime, identifying those affected by it, and what is deemed adequate or appropriate punishment. In so doing, it offers thick description of young peoples' conceptions of and experiences with crime, delinquency, justice and law, and uses this description to interrogate the role of the state in influencing - indeed, shaping - these perceptions.

The GM debate has been ongoing for over a decade, yet it has been contained in the scientific world and presented in technical terms. Eco Crime and Genetically Modified Food brings the debates about GM food into the social and criminological arena. This book highlights the criminal and harmful actions of state and corporate officials. It concludes that corporate and political corruption, uncertain science, bitter public opposition, growing farmer concern and bankruptcy, irreversible damage to biodervisty, corporate monopolies and exploitation, disregard for social and cultural practices, devastation of small scale and local agricultural economies, imminent threats to organics, weak regulation, and widespread political and biotech mistrust - do not provide the bases for advancing and progressing GM foods into the next decade. Yet, with the backing of the WTO, the US and UK Governments march on - but at what cost to future generations?

Police custody acts as an important gateway to the criminal justice process. Much is at stake here for both staff and suspects as what happens in police custody can have important consequences further down the line. This book offers a timely contribution to research on police custody, which has been largely neglected for the last decade, and it is the first to examine the growing role given to civilians employed by the police or by private security companies within police custody areas.

The book draws on a mixed-method study of two custody areas, one publicly-run, and the other largely privately-run. This empirical analysis explores anew suspects? experiences of police custody from arrest to charge, including their access to due process rights such as phone calls, legal advice and detention reviews, as well as shedding light on the hitherto unexplored working relationships between the police, civilian police staff (public and private), legal advisers, doctors, appropriate adults and drug workers.

These findings on the police custody process are used to examine pertinent socio-legal and theoretical matters connected to due process, the role of the police in policing, as well as procedural justice and legitimacy.

The book integrates issues which are topical and of utmost empirical, theoretical and political significance, meaning that it is likely to have a broad appeal to students, academics, practitioners and policy-makers with an interest in the criminal justice process, policing and the sociology of law.

From serial murderers to parents who kill, Fatal Violence: Case Studies and Analysis of Emerging Forms provides an insider's look at a phenomenon that has existed since the dawn of man and cuts across social/economic barriers and cultures. Offering a rare glimpse into the minds of predators and containing chilling details of motives and methods, this volume explores gang violence, serial and mass murderers, filicide, rape, workplace violence, school shootings, and hate crimes. It also delves into the unusual and shocking practices of vampirism and cannibalism.

Bringing wisdom from years of studying killers and trying to understand the motives behind why these individuals do what they do, the authors present information that has previously gone uncovered or merely speculated upon. This fascinating volume includes:

• Historical accounts of bizarre killers dating back to the 15th century
• Psychological analyses of how a killer's upbringing might have contributed to his or her actions
• Criminal profiling theories in unsolved murders
• Interviews with killers
• Clues that suggest a person may engage in workplace violence
• Myths about school shootings
• Membership requirements for gangs and hate groups
• Cultural factors that might incite youth violence

Steeped in research, the book contains tables with demographic data and events, discussion questions to provoke further inquiry, and numerous references for further study, making it a compelling resource for professionals and academia alike.

This book provides answers to the following questions. Is there a bright future aheadfor a European Public Prosecutor's Office? If so, is the regulation establishing the officesufficiently clear and balanced to attain that goal? Moreover, will the office be able toeffectively fight fraud now damaging the EU's budget and will it respect the fundamentalrights of the parties involved? Included are issues ranging from EU substantive and procedural criminal law, combattingEU fraud, the distribution of competences in European law enforcement,EU fundamental rights, to forum choice. The book's aim is to inform academics,policy-makers and criminal law practitioners about key issues surrounding theattribution of prosecutorial powers to an entirely remodelled European Union body. Indoing so, it sheds light on this body, as fundamentally changed by the Council, whichwill undoubtedly have a greater impact on the European criminal justice system thanthe European Arrest Warrant ever did. Dr. Willem Geelhoed is Assistant Professor in criminal law and criminal procedureat the University of Groningen, The Netherlands, and Drs. Leendert H. Erkelensand Prof. Mr. Arjen W.H. Meij are both Visiting Research Fellow at the T.M.C. AsserInstituut in The Hague in The Netherlands, while the latter is also Honorary Professorat the University of Luxembourg.

Many social scientists have ignored the diversity of the women's prison population and the differential treatment to which women of various backgrounds have been subjected. These omissions have affected the type of information available on women in the criminal justice system as it relates exclusively to gender. The goal of this work is to document women's unique and gender-biased experience as participants and victims of the criminal justice system.

Topics include women on death row, race and gender issues, probation and parole, female juvenile delinquents, prostitution, health and mental health issues of women in prison, social justice concerns, and educational programs. The references included highlight the interdisciplinary nature of the issues as they cross such fields as law, criminal justice, social work, and psychology, and reveal the intensity of racism and sexism often ignored by the system, but confronted by the female population in the criminal justice system.

This edited volume examines the role of local civil society in shaping understandings and processes of transitional justice in Africa - a nursery of transitional justice ideas for well over two decades. It brings together practitioners and scholars with intimate knowledge of these processes to evaluate the agendas and strategies of local civil society, and offers an opportunity to reflect on 'lessons learnt' along the way. The contributors focus on the evolution and effectiveness of transitional justice interventions, providing a glimpse into the motivations and inner workings of major civil society actors. The book presents an African perspective on transitional justice through a compilation of country-specific and thematic analyses of agenda setting and lobbying efforts. It offers insights into state-civil society relations on the continent, which shape these agendas. The chapters present case studies from Southern, Central, East, West and North Africa, and a range of moments and types of transition. In addition to historical perspective, the chapters provide fresh and up-to- date analyses of ongoing transitional justice efforts that are key to defining the future of how the field is understood globally, in theory and in practice Endorsements: "This great volume of written work - Advocating Transitional Justice in Africa: The Role of Civil Society - does what virtually no other labor of the intellect has done heretofore. Authored by movement activists and thinkers in the fields of human rights and transitional justice, the volume wrestles with the complex place and roles of transitional justice in the project of societal reconstruction in Africa. ... This volume will serve as a timely and thought-provoking guide for activists, thinkers, and policy makers - as well as students of transitional justice - interested in the tension between the universal and the particular in the arduous struggle for liberation. Often, civil society actors in Africa have been accused of consuming the ideas of others, but not producing enough, if any, of their own. This volume makes clear the spuriousness of this claim and firmly plants an African flag in the field of ideas." Makau Mutua

Although the U.S. Constitution guarantees those accused of a crime the right to a speedy and fair trial, in practice the judicial system is increasingly characterized by excessive trial delays and unfair trial situations. Here Warren Freedman, a member of the New York, Connecticut, and U.S. Supreme Court bars, offers a comprehensive discussion of the constitutional and statutory provisions underlying the right to a speedy and fair trial and examines their application in actual court practice. As Freedman notes, the mounting costs of lengthy litigation periods dictate that--if only for pragmatic reasons--the constitutional rights of accused criminals to speedy and fair trials must be respected.

Freedman begins with an introduction to the concept and historical background of the speedy and fair trial. Turning to an examination of constitutional guarantees, he fully reviews the sixth and fourteenth amendments and their interpretation by the courts. Subsequent chapters examine the criteria for speed and fairness, the role of the jury, and related statutes such as The Speedy Trial Act of 1974, as well as grand jury investigations and prosecutorial abuses of the legal principles that guarantee speed and fairness. Throughout, analyses of applicable case law and precedent-setting court decisions illuminate the discussion. An indispensable resource for attorneys in criminal, corporate, and private practice, this volume clearly delineates not only the foundations of speedy and fair trial guarantees but also the many factors that can work against them in today's often overburdened judicial system.

Clear and accessible writing style which is concise without oversimplification is ideal for those who are looking for a straightforward, easy-to-follow textbook on the Law of Evidence in England and Wales Contains numerous extracts from cases and judgments framed by author commentary, presenting students with a wide range of legal authority Utilises an innovative suite of pedagogic tools to support learning and develop understanding of the law, preparing students for assessment New chapter on evidence in arbitral tribunals and additional practice tips, as well as full updates to case law throughout.

Use this collection of over 60 primary documents to trace the evolution of trial rights from English and colonial beginnings to our contemporary understanding of their meaning. Court cases and other documents bring to life the controversies that have historically surrounded the rights of those who have been accused in the American legal system. Explanatory introductions to documents aid users in understanding the various arguments put forth and the context in which the document was written, while illuminating the significance of each document.

Students will be able to trace how the expansion of trial rights is directly correlated to historical events and social concerns. Documents are arranged chronologically to provide readers with a clear view of the long convoluted history of these rights in our country and to clearly illustrate how trial rights have grown over time to provide more protection for a growing number of individuals. A general introduction to the volume further explores the history of the concept of trial rights to provide a complete reference resource to complicated issues.

"Any lawyer who deals within the Black community needs to read it."
"--New York Amsterdam News"

"Within Harris's reasoned, cogent analysis lurks a legal strategy tethered to the nation's tattered and perennial traditions of white supremacy, which aims to acknowledge it, use it to explain its devastating effects on the black psyche, and provide a legal tool for some degree of amelioration. Ultimately, Black Rage Confronts the Law is more about U. S. power relations than law.
Therefore, it will be damned.
Therefore, it will be praised.
Therefore, it should be read."
"--Mumia Abu-Jamal, Author of Live from Death Row"

On a deeper and more profound level [this book] illustrates the degree to which social and economic hardship and deprivation can justify human misconduct.
"--Library Journal"

Paul Harris made an impact just two years out of law school with his innovative black rage' defense. Harris convinced the jury that, in America, unemployment for a proud and talented black man can cause . . . a kind of temporary insanity. The theory not only gained Harris's client an acquittal, it left the man's integrity intact. "--California Lawyer"

In 1971, Paul Harris pioneered the modern version of the black rage defense when he successfully defended a young black man charged with armed bank robbery. Dubbed one of the most novel criminal defenses in American history by Vanity Fair, the black rage defense is enormously controversial, frequently dismissed as irresponsible, nothing less than a harbinger of anarchy. Consider the firestorm of protest that resulted when the defense for Colin Ferguson, the gunman who murdered numerous passengers on a New York commutertrain, claimed it was considering a black rage defense.

In this thought-provoking book, Harris traces the origins of the black rage defense back through American history, recreating numerous dramatic trials along the way. For example, he recounts in vivid detail how Clarence Darrow, defense attorney in the famous Scopes Monkey trial, first introduced the notion of an environmental hardship defense in 1925 while defending a black family who shot into a drunken white mob that had encircled their home.

Emphasizing that the black rage defense must be enlisted responsibly and selectively, Harris skillfully distinguishes between applying an environmental defense and simply blaming society, in the abstract, for individual crimes. If Ferguson had invoked such a defense, in Harris's words, it would have sent a superficial, wrong-headed, blame-everything-on-racism message. Careful not to succumb to easy generalizations, Harris also addresses the possibilities of a white rage defense and the more recent phenomenon of cultural defenses. He illustrates how a person's environment can, and does, affect his or her life and actions, how even the most rational person can become criminally deranged, when bludgeoned into hopelessness by exploitation, racism, and relentless poverty.

1. Bringing together chapters co-authored by academics and practitioners, this book will find a market as a supplementary book for students and a book on best-practice for professionals. Each chapter has a set structure to ensure consistency. 2. This book will be particularly useful for universities offering qualifications for trainee probation officers in the UK, as well as Criminology students taking courses on criminal justice, penology, rehabilitation and working with offenders.

In some parts of the world, race is a key social variable in criminological debates on crime and criminal justice practice. Yet, little has been studied regarding the issues of race and crime internationally. This collection fills that gap, drawing upon perspectives from 13 countries across 4 continents to provide a comparative assessment on the influence of human variations on crime discourses, offending, experiences of criminal victimization, and criminal justice responses in differing societies.
Covering Europe, Australia and New Zealand, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States, and drawing on an international line-up of scholars, this book examines the similarities and differences of race, crime and criminal justice in international perspective.

This book examines the concept of witness protection which is still at an early developmental stage in several African countries including Nigeria, from a legal and institutional perspective. Recent developments in Nigeria highlight the need to clarify legal and conceptual issues within the existing legal framework for protecting witnesses. Using the Nigerian case study, the book illustrates some obscurities inherent in the concept of witness protection. These are highlighted around five critical areas: the definition of witness protection; the scope of beneficiaries requiring protection; the nature of crimes necessitating protection; the nature of protective measures; and the administrative control of witness protection. Specifically, this book draws from the existing literature and practices of witness protection and adopts two distinct perspectives: the criminal justice perspectives and human rights perspectives as heuristic tools for analysing the concept and to separate the disparate influences that shape how it is construed. These distinctions are utilised throughout the book as an integrated way of conceptualising the concept of witness protection. By discussing the practice of witness protection within the Nigerian context, the book contributes to African conversations on the topic of witness protection. The clarifications made in this book are utilised in making normative proposals for developing a legal framework for witness protection in Nigeria. They are also useful for other African countries interested in developing a witness protection framework as part of criminal justice reform. This book will serve as a reference point for legal scholars, researchers, academics, (postgraduate) students and policy makers interested in the concept of witness protection. It would also be useful for courses 'concerned with comparative criminology where there is an interest in developments in the Global South.'

This cutting-edge primer is ideal for the family physician/generalist facing challenges in clinical practice with the treatment of drug court patients. The authors share their extensive knowledge in treatment of addiction and withdrawal, treatment for patients with dual diagnoses of mental illness and addiction, and treatment of diseases associated with drug use, such as tuberculosis, hepatitis, and HIV infection. Unparalleled discussions of the drug court system and the medical problems of drug court patients are presented.

With concise yet comprehensive chapters, readers find essential coverage of drug testing, drug test collections and reports, and common scams for falsifying drug tests. Other topics include medical educational services that physicians can provide for attorneys, judges, counselors, probation officers, and clients; challenges of treatment physicians encounter; and medical interventions. The authors share their personal teaching file of cases from the Adult Drug Court in California to draw a detailed picture of how medical care fits within the overall therapeutic plan of drug courts.