This edited collection introduces and defines the concept of "comparative restorative justice", putting it in the context of power relations and inequality. It aims to compare the implementation and theoretical development of restorative justice internationally for research, policy and practice. In Part I, this volume compares practices in relation to the implementing environment - be that cultural, political, or societal. Part II looks at obstacles and enablers in relation to the criminal justice system, and considers whether inquisitorial versus adversarial jurisdictions have impact on how restorative justice is regulated and implemented. Finally, Part III compares the reasons that drive governments, regional bodies, and practitioners to implement restorative justice, and whether these impetuses impact on ultimate delivery. Featuring fifteen original chapters from diverse authors and practitioners, this will serve as a key resource for those working in social justice or those seeking to understand and implement the tenets of restorative justice comparatively.

The third book in the Criminalization series examines the constitutionalization of criminal law. It considers how the criminal law is constituted through the political processes of the state; how the agents of the criminal law can be answerable to it themselves; and finally, how the criminal law can be constituted as part of the international order. Addressing the ways in which and the grounds on which types of conduct can be justifiably criminalized, the first four chapters of this volume focus on the questions that arise from a consideration of the political constitution of the criminal law. The contributors then turn their attention to the role of the state, its institutions and officials, and their role not only as creators, enactors, interpreters, and enforcers of the criminal law, but also as subjects of it. How can the agents of the criminal law also be answerable to it? Finally discussion turns to how the criminal law can be constituted as part of an international order. Examining the relationships between domestic laws of different nation-states, and between domestic criminal law and international or transnational law, the chapters also look at the authority and jurisdiction of international criminal law itself, and its relationship to other dimensions of the international order. A vital examination of one of the most important topics in modern criminal legal theory, this volume raises new questions central to the study of the criminal law and offers new suggestions for addressing them.

The Multicultural Prison: Ethnicity, Masculinity, and Social Relations among Prisoners presents a unique sociological analysis of the daily negotiation of ethnic difference within the closed world of the male prison. At a time when issues of race, multiculture, and racialization inside the prison have been somewhat neglected, this book considers how multiple identities configure social interactions among prisoners in late modern prisoner society, whilst also recognising the significance of religion, age, masculinity, national, and local identifications. Contemporary political policies, which sees racialised incarceration together with penal expansion, has fostered the disproportionate incarceration of diverse British national, foreign, and migrant populations - all of whom are brought into close proximity within the confines of the prison. Using rich empirical material drawn from extensive qualitative research in Rochester Young Offenders' Institution and Maidstone prison, the author presents vivid prisoner accounts from both white and minority ethnic participants, describing economically and socially marginalised lives outside. In turn, these stories provide a backdrop to the inside - the interior world of the prison where ethnicity still shapes social relations but in a contingent fashion. Addressing both the negotiation and tensions inherent in conducting such research, the central discussion evolves from a frank dialogue about ethnic, faith, and masculine identities, constituted through loose solidarities based on 'postcode identities', to a more startling comprehension of such divisions as, in some cases, a means for cultural hybridity in prison cultures. More commonly, though, these divisions act as a familiar fault line, creating wary, unstable, and antagonistic relations among prisoners. Providing an arresting insight into how race is written into prison social relations, The Multicultural Prison adds a unique and outstanding voice to the challenging issues of discrimination, inequality, entitlement, and preferential treatment from the perspective of diverse groups of prisoners.

This book explores victims' views of plea negotiations and the level of input that they desire. It draws on the empirical findings of the first in-depth study of victims and plea negotiations conducted in Australia. Over the last 50 years, the criminal justice system has seen major changes in both the role that victims play in the justice process and in how the vast majority of criminal cases are finalised. Guilty pleas have become the norm, and many of these result from negotiations between the prosecutor and the defence. The extent to which the victim is one of the participating parties in plea negotiations however, is a question of law and of practice. Drawing from focus groups and surveys with victims of crime, Victims and Plea Negotiations seeks to privilege victims' voices and lived experiences of plea negotiations, to present their perspectives on five options for enhanced participation in this legal process. This book appeals to academics and students in the areas of law, criminology, sociology, victimology and legal studies, those who practice in the criminal justice system generally, those who work with victims, and policy makers.

This book presents a timely analysis of the psychological influences, underpinnings, and predictors of non-consensual image-based sexual offending (NCIBSO), such as revenge pornography, cyber-flashing, deepfake media production and upskirting. In this rapidly expanding field, this book offers a novel perspective that encompasses both a forensic psychoanalytic analysis of offending behaviours and an examination of the influence of our use of online environments and digital platforms on these behaviours. The authors begin by outlining the historical and legal context before moving on to a critique of previously posited motivating factors. Rather than conceptualising NCIBSO in purely gendered terms, they demonstrate the potential for a psychological framework to facilitate a better understanding of how and why people engage in a range of non-consensual sexual image offences. In doing so it will provide fresh insights for policymakers and clinicians, in addition to scholars from across the fields of psychology, sociology, criminology, law, media and gender studies.

Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on various topics in the worldwide effort to combat terrorism. Among the documents collected are transcripts of Congressional testimony, reports by such federal government bodies as the Congressional Research Service (CRS) and the Government Accountability Office (GAO), United Nations Security Council resolutions, reports and investigations by the United Nations Secretary-General and other dedicated UN bodies, and case law from the U.S. and around the globe covering issues related to terrorism. Most volumes carry a single theme, and inside each volume the documents appear within topic-based categories. The series also includes a subject index and other indices that guide the user through this complex area of the law. Volume 128, Detention Under International Law: Liberty and Permissible Detention, is the first in a three-volume arc that looks at detention under international law. This volume examines the literal deprivation of a person's liberty, and the ways in which international and regional human rights instruments and courts have permitted detention under international law. Professor Kristen Boon explores how the individual's right to liberty and security has been set out in universal and regional treaties and charters, and contrasts lawful detention and the treatment of administrative and preventative detention with unlawful arbitrary detention. Professor Boon illustrates her commentary by organizing treaties, reports by UN agencies and non-governmental organizations, judgments in regional international human rights courts, and through comments, adjudications, and reports from UN human rights treaty bodies.

Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on various topics in the worldwide effort to combat terrorism. Among the documents collected are transcripts of Congressional testimony, reports by such federal government bodies as the Congressional Research Service (CRS) and the Government Accountability Office (GAO), United Nations Security Council resolutions, reports and investigations by the United Nations Secretary-General and other dedicated UN bodies, and case law from the U.S. and around the globe covering issues related to terrorism. Most volumes carry a single theme, and inside each volume the documents appear within topic-based categories. The series also includes a subject index and other indices that guide the user through this complex area of the law. Volume 129, Detention Under International Law: The State of Emergency Exception and Evolving Topics, is the second in a three-volume arc that looks at detention under international law. In this volume, Professor Kristen Boon describes how international human rights instruments and courts at the regional and multinational levels have carved out a "state of emergency" exception to allow for detention in some circumstances. This volume frames and discusses two emerging topics in detention: the right of habeas corpus (the right to challenge one's detention), and the broadening intersection between international human rights law and international humanitarian law. Professor Boon illustrates her commentary by organizing treaties, reports by UN agencies and non-governmental organizations, judgments in regional international human rights courts, and through comments, adjudications, and reports from UN human rights treaty bodies.

Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on various topics in the worldwide effort to combat terrorism. Among the documents collected are transcripts of Congressional testimony, reports by such federal government bodies as the Congressional Research Service (CRS) and the Government Accountability Office (GAO), United Nations Security Council resolutions, reports and investigations by the United Nations Secretary-General and other dedicated UN bodies, and case law from the U.S. and around the globe covering issues related to terrorism. Most volumes carry a single theme, and inside each volume the documents appear within topic-based categories. The series also includes a subject index and other indices that guide the user through this complex area of the law. Volume 131, The 2012 Shift in U.S. National Security Strategy: The Context, focuses on the Obama administration's general shift beyond the conflicts in the Middle East and Central Asia and towards a more Asia-Pacific national security strategy in early 2012. In this volume, Professor Douglas Lovelace, Jr., provides a context for the shift and describes its most important components: the multidimensional domestic and international security and economic threats posed by China, the North Korean threat, the rise of Southeast Asian terrorism, and U.S. geostrategic posturing throughout Asia. Professor Lovelace discusses and frames these issues through reports by the U.S. Department of Defense, Congressional Research Service, U.S. Army War College, U.S.-China Economic and Security Commission, and the U.S. General Accountability Office.

Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on various topics in the worldwide effort to combat terrorism. Among the documents collected are transcripts of Congressional testimony, reports by such federal government bodies as the Congressional Research Service (CRS) and the Government Accountability Office (GAO), United Nations Security Council resolutions, reports and investigations by the United Nations Secretary-General and other dedicated UN bodies, and case law from the U.S. and around the globe covering issues related to terrorism. Most volumes carry a single theme, and inside each volume the documents appear within topic-based categories. The series also includes a subject index and other indices that guide the user through this complex area of the law. Volume 132, The 2012 Shift in U.S. National Security Strategy: The Analysis, takes a critical look at the Obama administration's 2012 strategic guidance, that steps away from the Global War on Terror and its focus on the Middle East, with a reorientation towards the security and economic threats of China and North Korea and the need for diplomatic, economic, and military partnership throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Professor Douglas Lovelace provides a deep critical account of the strategic shift, and presents the unclassified strategy document from the White House alongside reports by the U.S. Department of Defense, Congressional Research Service, Al Jazeera Center for Studies, and various research centers of the U.S. Armed Forces. The documents included in this volume provide meaning and underpinning rationale for the shift in strategy, detail as to what the shift portends for the U.S. Armed Forces, and U.S. efforts to maintain the peaceful status quo and promote free trade initiatives in the region.

The American prosecutor plays a powerful role in the judicial system, wielding the authority to accept or decline a case, choose which crimes to allege, and decide the number of counts to charge. These choices, among others, are often made with little supervision or institutional oversight. This prosecutorial discretion has prompted scholars to look to the role of prosecutors in Europe for insight on how to reform the American system of justice.
In The Prosecutor in Transnational Perspective, Erik Luna and Marianne Wade, through the works of their contributors coupled with their own analysis, demonstrate that valuable lessons can be learned from a transnational examination of prosecutorial authority. They examine both parallels and distinctions in the processes available to and decisions made by prosecutors in the United States and Europe. Ultimately, they demonstrate how the enhanced role of the prosecutor represents a crossroads for criminal justice with weighty legal and socio-economic consequences.

Criminology is a dynamic and evolving field of study. In the recent decades, the study of the causes, development, prevention, and treatment of juvenile delinquency and adult crime has produced many important discoveries. This volume address two questions about crucial topics facing criminology - from causation to prevention to public policy: Where are we now? What does the future hold? Rolf Loeber and Brandon C. Welsh lead a team of more than forty top scholars from across the world to present the future of research, policy, and practice in the discipline. "Criminology has entered into a new era in which standard ideas are being revised or replaced by fresh theoretical and empirical investigations. In The Future of Criminology, Rolf Loeber and Brandon Welsh capture the field's dynamic nature by pulling together, under one cover, diverse ideas of where criminology should head. Written by leading scholars, the volume's contributions provide lucid and compelling assessments of how best to think about crime and its control. Every scholar should keep this book close at hand and consult it regularly."-Francis T. Cullen, Distinguished Research Professor, University of Cincinnati "Inspired by David Farrington, one of the world's foremost scholars of criminology, The Future of Criminology is designed to be a 'state of the art' collection of essays delineating criminology's contribution to our understanding of crime prevention and its control. It succeeds admirably as a diverse group of leading scholars summarize, integrate, and extend previous work on child delinquency, criminal careers, psychopathology, high-risk families and communities, and experimental criminology. Researchers, policymakers, and students will benefit greatly from a close study of its chapters." - Joan Petersilia, Adelbert H. Sweet Professor of Law, Stanford Law School "This set of contributions, by forty world-renowned criminologists, constitutes a cutting-edge volume for future generations of scholars to take the baton from David Farrington."-Gerben Bruinsma, Director of Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Amsterdam

A Guide to National Security offers an analysis of the threats and policy responses facing the UK, presented within the framework of the Government's National Security Strategy and the Strategic Defence and Security Review. It explores the processes and developments which have shaped the transformation of national security over the last three decades, and critically examines the processes of politicisation and securitisation that have delivered the new strategic vision.
Presented in three parts, the book has taken one of the key recommendations from the National Security Strategy - collaboration between police and national security agencies - and used this as both the viewpoint from which to assess the current state of play regarding the UK's national security, as well as the approach to identifying future threats and creating policies and tactics to deal with them. Part One: Threats sets the scene for the current status of national security in the UK and relates this to the rest of the world, before moving on to the myriad of possible threats facing governments and intelligence services, from organised crime and terrorism to cyber-threats and failed states. Part Two: Responses looks at the interaction between governments and other agencies in response to a threat, how that framework functions and is organized, as well as the action or response taken. Finally, Part Three: Strategies offers a range of considerations for the future, including making a case for military restructuring, discussing domestic policies regarding radicalisation and other internal security issues, and the building of partnerships with the EU and the rest of the world, as well as within current international organizations, such as the UN and NATO. Throughout, the book presents opinions from leading figures across the agencies, including the National Security Council and members of ACPO, as well as case studies and suggestions for further investigation.
This book provides a number of fascinating and critical points for those interested in the UK's own national security organization, from those working in intelligence, counter-terrorism and organised crime within the police, staff within the national intelligence agencies, and policy advisers and officials. However, the contemporary era of globalisation means that it also has resonances for anyone involved in such issues across the Western world and beyond.

This book provides a focused and comprehensive overview of criminal psychology in different socio-economic and psycho-sociological contexts. It informs readers on the role of psychology in the various aspects of the criminal justice process, starting from the investigation of a crime to the rehabilitation or reintegration of the offender. Current research in criminology and psychology has been discussed to understand the minds of various offenders, how to interact with them during investigation and conviction effectively and how to bring about positive changes in various stages of the criminal justice process-investigation, prosecution, incarceration, rehabilitation-to increase the efficacy of the correctional system and improve public confidence in the justice system. It thoroughly addresses the bigger issues of holistically reducing the increase in crime rates and susceptibility in society. Each chapter builds on leading scholarship in this field from Western scholars and supplements these theories with research findings from a South Asian perspective, particularly in the Indian criminal justice system. This book successfully encapsulates the foundations of criminal psychology literature while incorporating interdisciplinary avenues of study into criminal behaviour and legal psychology, bringing into the provincial discourse lacunas of the justice system and avenues for alternative correctional and rehabilitative programs.

With the publication of Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents, Index IV, Oxford University Press continues to provide periodic stand-alone volumes containing cumulative indexes for the individual volumes in the series. Index IV (covering Terrorism Vols. 101-120) adds to the previous index volumes in order to ensure comprehensive searchability within the series. The availability of the cumulative index as well as the volume-specific indexes makes the series more convenient for the reader and provides the researcher with multiple ways to search for information. Index IV also features improved double-columned index formatting, for ease of use in a more compact volume. Although each volume in Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents contains its own volume-specific index, this comprehensive index fully indexes the last twenty volumes in the Terrorism series. Only subject indexes are included in the individual volumes, whereas this comprehensive index includes five different types of indexes including a subject index, an index organized according to the title of the document, an index based on the name of the document's author, an index correlated to the year of the document, and a subject-by-year index. This cumulative index volume therefore provides readers with multiple ways to conduct research within Volumes 101-120 of Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents.

Intelligence-led Policing clearly explains the distinction between information and intelligence, and discusses how to gather, analyse and utilise intelligence to inform decision making in practice. It relates all areas of intelligence within the investigative process and contextualises its use in line with the National Intelligence Model (NIM) as part of routine working practice. It develops a knowledge base by identifying six tiers of policing intelligence architecture, exploring the concept of intelligence as it applies to strategic, tactical and practice levels of operational policing. A great mix of theory and practice to help students explore how information can become useful intelligence including the process through which it goes and the importance of intervention points. The Professional Policing Curriculum in Practice is a new series of books that match the requirements of the new pre-join policing qualifications. The texts reflect modern policing, are up-to-date and relevant, and grounded in practice. They reflect the challenges faced by new students, linking theory to real-life operational practice, while addressing critical thinking and other academic skills needed for degree-level study.

Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on the worldwide counter-terrorism effort. Among the documents collected are transcripts of Congressional testimony, reports by such federal government bodies as the Congressional Research Service (CRS) and the Government Accountability Office (GAO), and case law covering issues related to terrorism. Each volume carries a single theme, and inside each volume the documents appear within topic-based categories. The series also includes a subject index and other indices that guide the user through this complex area of the law. Volume 121, Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, covers recent developments relating to the 2010 NPT Review Conference, primarily those pertaining to Iran and North Korea. After the 2005 Review Conference ended without a final consensus declaration due to disputes over Iran's nuclear activities, Israel's nuclear program, and implementation of the Middle East nuclear weapon-free zone, the lack of consensus in 2005 combined with continued concern over the nuclear programs of Iran and North Korea made the 2010 Review Conference a critical moment in the achievement of the NPT's goals. Kristen Boon provides introductory analysis of the key documents relating to the NPT generally and the 2010 NPT Review Conference in particular. The documents in this volume include the Final Declaration of the 2000 Conference, statements made by the key parties at the 2010 Conference, the Final Statement of the 2010 Conference, and related UN Security Council resolutions from 2009 and 2010. Professor Boon also includes renewed discussion of two critical past documents, the U.S. Nuclear Posture Review Report of April 6, 2010, and the U.S. National Security Strategy of May 27, 2010.

Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a series that provides primary source documents and expert commentary on the worldwide counter-terrorism effort. Among the documents collected are transcripts of Congressional testimony, reports by such federal government bodies as the Congressional Research Service (CRS) and the Government Accountability Office (GAO), and case law covering issues related to terrorism. Most volumes carry a single theme, and inside each volume the documents appear within topic-based categories. The series also includes a subject index and other indices that guide the user through this complex area of the law. Volume 122, U.N. Response to Al Qaeda-Developments Through 2011, discusses recent actions by the United Nations in response to Al-Qaeda, particularly focusing on sanctions under Security Council Resolution 1267 as well as regional responses and court challenges to 1267 sanctions. The documents introduced by Kristen Boon include the key Security Council resolutions, EU regulations, court decisions, and reports by Security Council committees and external bodies.

This book is an in-depth study on the criminal procedure in China. Using the social science research method, the author studies some systems and reforms, such as the criminal reconciliation, the sentencing procedure, the criminal incidental civil action, the trial hearing, the exclusionary rule and the defense system. The author puts forward some new theories and opinions. He points out that there are two modes of criminal procedure in China: the adversarial mode and the cooperative mode. He has advanced a new theory based on the practice of the procedure where the defendant pleads guilty or the parties reach a reconciliation. Also, the author has summarized three forms of criminal trial and three modes of criminal incidental civil action. He analyzes "conviction trial", "sentencing trial" and "procedural trial" and points out their defects. He holds that the coexistence of the three models of incidental civil action reflects some problems in the criminal procedure. The criminal procedure has the problem of malfunction which refers to the fact that the procedure prescribed by the law is not effectively implemented. The author points out five sources of the process's malfunction through factual and empirical analysis. He describes them as the "5 rules of malfunction of the criminal procedure". As for the criminal defense system, the author thinks that it not only has made great progress, but also has a great deal of problems. Also, the author puts forward a theory of coordinating defense which aims at rebuilding the relationship between the defense lawyer and the accused. China has established the exclusionary rule with its own characteristics. The author points out that the reformers should not only enact the rule,but also pay attention to its implementation. A series of judicial reforms will arrive, for which the exclusionary rule is the activator and the start.

Published annually, Terrorism: International Case Law Reporter is a collection of the most important cases in security law from around the world. Handpicked and introduced by internationally renowned terrorism scholar Michael Newton and by a distinguished board of global experts, the cases included cover topics as diverse as human rights, immigration, freedom of speech, and terrorist financing. All cases are also accompanied by headnotes that summarize the key issues for the benefit of researchers. This unique resource serves scholars, students, and practitioners seeking an authoritative and comprehensive resource for security law research like no other publication on the market.
The 2010 edition includes cases highlighting issues such as:
* The interface of domestic law with international obligations in the context of armed conflict;
* The permissible scope of criminal legislation prohibiting material support to terrorists;
* The domestic implementation of the Security Council-mandated regime for freezing terrorist assets;
* Rights of plaintiffs to challenge domestic anti-terrorism legislation on constitutional grounds;
* Legality of state decisions to attempt targeted killings of citizens alleged to have committed hostile acts;
* The standards for evaluating claims for habeas corpus;
* The sufficiency of multinational cooperation in the investigation and prosecution of perpetrators;
* The degree to which state actors are immunized from personal accountability due to their official acts; and
* Boundaries between transnational terrorism and the globalized media.
Each annual edition serves a function of unique and growing importance as the one source that juxtaposes international decisions with those emanating from domestic forums. The comprehensive index also helps the reader to synthesize the commonality of issues.
This publication can also be purchased on a standing order basis.

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1927.

What makes a juvenile delinquent develop into an adult criminal? What defines-cognitively, developmentally, legally-the transition from juvenile to adult and what determines whether patterns of criminal behavior persist? In most US states and Western nations, legal adulthood begins at age 18. This volume focuses on the period surrounding that abrupt transition (roughly ages 15-29) and addresses what happens to offending careers during it. Edited by two leading authorities in the fields of psychology and criminology, Transitions from Juvenile Delinquency to Adult Crime examines why the period of transition is important and how it can be better understood and addressed both inside and outside of the justice system. Bringing together over thirty leading scholars from multiple disciplines in both North America and Europe, this volume asks critical questions about criminal careers and causation, and whether current legal definitions of adulthood accurately reflect actual maturation and development. The volume also addresses the current efficacy of the justice system in addressing juvenile crime and recidivism, why and how juveniles ought to be treated differently from adults, if special legal provisions should be established for young adults, and the effectiveness of crime prevention programs implemented during early childhood and adolescence. With serious scholarly analysis and practical policy proposals, Transitions from Juvenile Delinquency to Adult Crime addresses what can be done to ensure that today's juvenile delinquents do not become tomorrow's adult criminals.

Child Offenders in South African Criminal Justice: Concepts and Process explains the Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 for the various sectors involved in the administration of child justice in South Africa. The book presents the aims and objectives of the Act and then explains the difference between adversarial and inquisitorial criminal procedure, which is relevant to preliminary inquiries. The authors examine the role played in the child justice process by members of the South Africa Police Service, the National Prosecuting Authority, probation officers, the court of preliminary inquiry, the child justice court and correctional services. Child offenders in South African Criminal Justice: Concepts and Process contains a CD with useful diagrams detailing various child justice processes and flow charts of the various stages of the proceedings. The Forms from the Regulations to the Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 and National Instruction 2 of 2010 are provided for the reader as appendixes to the book.

This edited collection brings together many of the world's leading experts, both academic and practitioner, in a single volume Handbook that examines key international issues in the field of hate crime. Collectively it examines a range of pertinent areas with the ultimate aim of providing a detailed picture of the hate crime 'problem' in different parts of the world. The book is divided into four parts: An examination, covering theories and concepts, of issues relating to definitions of hate crime, the individual and community impacts of hate crime, the controversies of hate crime legislation and theoretical approaches to understanding offending. An exploration of the international geography of hate, in which each chapter examines a range of hate crime issues in different parts of the world, including the UK, wider Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. Reflections on a number of different perspectives across a range of key issues in hate crime, examining areas including particular issues affecting different victim groups, the increasingly important influence of the Internet and hate crimes in sport. A discussion of a range of international efforts being utilised to combat hate and hate crime. Offering a strong international focus and comprehensive coverage of a wide range of hate crime issues, this book is an important contribution to hate crime studies and will be essential reading for academics, students and practitioners interested in this field.

Lone-actor terrorism has unfortunately been on the rise in recent decades, causing major adverse societal effects in the United States and abroad. While lone-actor terrorists can be driven by a range of identifiable factors such as extremist views or availability of weapons, the process of becoming and identifying these individuals is deeply complicated. Lone-Actor Terrorism: An Integrated Framework outlines the societal causes and impacts of lone-actor terrorism from a multi-disciplinary, international perspective. Drawing together seasoned insights across clinical and forensic mental health, sociology, criminology, law, military and intelligence, and security, this volume explores patterns common to lone-actor terrorists across four major sections: historical and case examples, clinical aspects, non-clinical professional and allied perspectives, and assessment and potential approaches to reducing the risk of lone-actor terrorism. Contributors describe both individual clinical factors affecting lone-actors, including developmental aspects, mental health variables, psychoactive drugs, psychometrics and linguists, along with broader social factors such as propaganda and rhetoric, social media, and geographical considerations. This volume concludes with a review of the available threat and risk assessment tools applicable to lone-actor terrorism cases and provides guidance for professionals seeking to reduce risk. While there is no uniform approach to the concept of lone-actor terrorism, this edited volume provides a diverse yet authoritative overview for those interested in better understanding the threats of lone-actor terrorism and its professional response.

Utilizing Foucault's genealogical method, this book traces the history and development of the victim from feudal law, arguing that the historical power of the victim to police, prosecute, and punish offenders significantly informed the development of the modern criminal law and justice system. Leading to the repositioning of the victim into the twenty-first century, this book advocates the victim as an agent of change, presenting a new perspective for the relevance of the victim in today's justice system.