This book results from the Herculean task of gathering, evaluating and analyzing criminological data for a period in the history of Japan, the Showa Era, during which even the recording of data was dramatically affectedby change. This book is an essential, exemplary tool for everyone intersted in criminological topics.

Well-selected and authoritative, Palgrave Core Statutes provide the key materials needed by students in a format that is clear, compact and very easy to use. They are ideal for use in exams.

The objective of Arab Criminology is to establish a criminological sub-field called 'Arab Criminology.' The ever-evolving field of criminology has advanced in the past decade, yet many impediments remain. Unlike criminology in Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe, and Oceania based merely on geopolitical constructs, the Arab world has unique commonalities that do not exist in the other established sub-fields on criminology. The Arab world has largely remained in criminology's periphery despite the region's considerable importance to current international affairs. In response, this book explores two main questions: Why should we and how do we establish a sub-field in Arab Criminology? The authors examine the state of criminology in the Arab world, define its parameters, and present four components that bond and distinguish Arab criminology from other criminological area studies. They then identify the requirements for establishing Arab criminology and detail how local, regional, and international researchers can collaborate, develop, and expand the sub-field. Arab Criminology will challenge some of the recurrent Orientalist and Islamophobic tropes in Northern criminology and progress the discipline of criminology to reflect a more diverse focus that embraces regions from the Global South. Presenting compelling arguments and examples that support the establishment of this sub-field, Arab Criminology will be of great interest to Criminology, Criminal Justice, Legal Studies, and Middle Eastern/North African studies scholars, particularly those working on Southern Criminology, Comparative Criminology, International Criminal Justice Systems, and Arab studies.

International criminal justice is, at its core, an anti-atrocity project. Yet just what an 'atrocity' is remains undefined and undertheorized. This book examines how associations between atrocity commission and the production of horrific spectacles shape the processes through which international crimes are identified and conceptualized, leading to the foregrounding of certain forms of mass violence and the backgrounding or complete invisibilization of others. In doing so, it identifies various, seemingly banal ways through which international crimes may be committed and demonstrates how the criminality of such forms of violence and abuse tends to be obfuscated. This book suggests that the failure to address these 'invisible atrocities' represents a major flaw in the current international criminal justice system, one that produces a host of problematic repercussions and undermines the legal legitimacy of international criminal law itself.

Meet the real Line of Duty (TM) undercover team in this previously untold and gripping story of how a Northern Irish terrorist and murderer and one of his followers, were caught in an audacious and brilliantly executed undercover sting on the English mainland, codenamed, Operation George. In 2006 at Belfast Crown Court, William James Fulton, a principal in the outlawed Loyalist Volunteer Force, was jailed for life and sentenced to a minimum of 28 years after the longest trial in Northern Ireland's legal history. Fulton was an early suspect in the Rosemary Nelson killing. Following the murder of the prominent human rights lawyer, he fled to the United States and, with help from the FBI in collusion with the British police, he was deported. On his arrival at Heathrow, Fulton 'walked through an open door,' a Lewis Carrol-like euphemism for an invitation created by the covert team, only to disappear 'down the rabbit hole' on accepting the invitation. That 'rabbit hole' led to an alternative world: an environment created and controlled by the elite covert team and only inhabited by the undercover officers and their targets. The subterfuge encouraged the terrorist targets into believing Fulton was working for a Plymouth-based 'criminal firm' over a period spanning almost two years. In that time, over fifty thousand hours of conversations between the 'firm' members were secretly recorded and used to bring the killer to justice. This unique story is told by former undercover officer Mark Dickens who was part of an elite team of undercover detectives who took part in 'Operation George,' one of the most remarkable covert policing operations the world has ever known. You won't know him under that name nor the many aliases he adopted as an undercover police officer infiltrating organised crime gangs. Together in 'Operation George,' with pioneering Operation Julie undercover officer and bestselling author, Stephen Bentley, they have written a gripping account of a unique story reminiscent of the premise of 'The Sting' film, and the 'Bloodlands' setting, combining a true-crime page-turner with a fascinating insight into early 21st-century covert policing. The publisher wishes to make clear by using the Line of Duty (TM), there is no implied association with the Line of Duty series nor World Productions Ltd and the trademark is attributed to World Productions Ltd.

Expertly drawing on international examples and existing literature, Penal Populism closes a gap in the field of criminology. In this fascinating expose of current crime policy, John Pratt examines the role played by penal populism on trends in contemporary penal policy. Penal populism is associated with the public's decline of deference towards criminals and paranoia that crime is out of control. Pratt argues that new media technology is helping to spread national insecurities and politicians are not only encouraging such sentiments but are also being led on by them. Pratt explains it is having most influence in the development of policy on sex offenders, youth crime, persistent criminals and anti-social behaviour. Perhaps explaining why in many Western countries prisons rates have soared while crime rates have been declining. This topical resource also covers new dimensions of the phenomenon, including: the changing nature and structure of the mass media; less reliance on the more orthodox expertise of civil servants and academics; and, limitations to the impact of populism, bureaucratic resistance from judges, lawyers and academics and the restorative justice movement. in criminology and crime policy.

The pursuit of security is now central to the development of public policy and a driving force behind the spread of private policing. Just as new theoretical frameworks are needed to deal with the increasing tendency of crime control policies to focus on risk reduction, new forms of governance are also required to deal with the rapid growth of the private security industry. This volume brings together a wide range of contributions from leading scholars in the field and includes international and comparative perspectives on the challenges posed by the rise of the 'security society'.

The relationship between education and youth crime has long been recognised in terms of social policy and public opinion, the full extent of this and its implications has been largely neglected and unexplored: educationalists on the one hand and criminologists on the other have largely failed to engage meaningfully with one another on the issue, and there has often been a large gap between youth justice and educational provision. This book seeks to remedy this deficiency, providing a critical survey of the research evidence, policy development and practical issues relating to education and offending by young people. It has the following objectives: to examine the evolution of social policy and institutions in relation to the relationship between education and offending by young people; establish the scale and nature of the problem and the characteristics of the young people involved; identify any evidence based approaches that could be adopted across education and youth justice; review the effectiveness of New Labour's education and youth justice reforms; propose a series of measures for social policy makers and practitioners in education and youth justice. Young People and Offending will be essential reading for youth justice practitioners as well as students taking courses on youth crime and youth justice, or on youth justice or probation training courses.

The relationship between education and youth crime has long been recognised in terms of social policy and public opinion, the full extent of this and its implications has been largely neglected and unexplored: educationalists on the one hand and criminologists on the other have largely failed to engage meaningfully with one another on the issue, and there has often been a large gap between youth justice and educational provision. This book seeks to remedy this deficiency, providing a critical survey of the research evidence, policy development and practical issues relating to education and offending by young people. It has the following objectives: to examine the evolution of social policy and institutions in relation to the relationship between education and offending by young people; establish the scale and nature of the problem and the characteristics of the young people involved; identify any evidence based approaches that could be adopted across education and youth justice; review the effectiveness of New Labour's education and youth justice reforms; propose a series of measures for social policy makers and practitioners in education and youth justice. Young People and Offending will be essential reading for youth justice practitioners as well as students taking courses on youth crime and youth justice, or on youth justice or probation training courses.

The role played by legal professionals in the laundering of criminal proceeds generated by others has become a priority concern for authorities at national and international levels. This ground-breaking book presents an in-depth empirical analysis of the nature of lawyers' involvement in the facilitation of money laundering and its control through criminal justice and regulatory mechanisms. It is based on qualitative research combining analysis of cases of lawyers convicted of money laundering offences with interviews with criminal justice practitioners, members of professional and regulatory bodies and practising solicitors, and analysis of relevant national and international legislative and regulatory frameworks. The book demonstrates the complex and diverse nature of lawyers' involvement in laundering activity, and shows that their actions and the decisions they take must be understood in relation to the specific situational contexts in which they occur. It provides significant new insights into the criminal justice and regulatory response to professional facilitation of money laundering in the UK, raising questions about the effectiveness and appropriateness of the response and the challenges involved. The book develops a framework for future research and analysis in this area, and proposes a range of potential strategies for controlling the facilitation of money laundering. Lawyers and the Proceeds of Crime is essential reading for those researching money laundering, white-collar crime or organised crime, and for practitioners and policy makers concerned with preventing the facilitation of money laundering.

Youth crime is simultaneously a social problem and an intrinsic part of consumer culture: while images of gangs and gangsters are used to sell global commodities, young people not in work and education are labelled as antisocial and susceptible to crime. This book focuses on the lives of a group of young adults living in a deprived housing estate situated on the edge of a large city in the North of England. It investigates the importance of fashion, music and drugs in young people's lives, providing a richly detailed ethnographic account of the realities of exclusion, and explaining how young people become involved in crime and drug use. Young men and women describe their own personal experiences of exclusion in education, employment and the public sphere. They describe their history of exclusion as 'the life', and the term identifies how young people grew up as objects of suspicion in the eyes of an affluent majority. While social exclusion continues to be seen as a consequence of young people's behaviour, Out of Sight: crime, youth and exclusion in modern Britain examines how stigmatising poor communities has come to define Britain's consumer society. The book challenges the view underlying government policy that social exclusion is a product of crime, antisocial behaviour and drug use, and in focusing on one socially deprived neighbourhood it promotes a different way of seeing the problematic relationship between socially excluded young people, society and government.

Fraud remains one of the most important crimes and causes billions of pounds of losses each year, many thousands of people are employed to try to prevent it, but it has remained largely neglected in the literature. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the main issues involved in fraud, its definition, costs, the nature of the offenders involved in committing fraud, and the issues involved in fraud investigation. It is written by one of the foremost authorities on the subject, and covers fraud in the widest sense, ranging from benefit fraud to tax evasion, credit card fraud, and paying particular attention to fraud using the internet. A wide range of case studies are presented, portraits are provided of the ways in which a large number of organizations seek to deal with fraud. This book will be essential reading for anybody with a professional interest in fraud and its prevention, as well as the wide number of courses within law, criminology, social policy and business and management.

To what extent should media coverage of criminal court proceedings be permitted? The central issue is how to strike a balance between the public's right to information and the individual's right to privacy. Freedman reviews the underlying legal principles and constitutional issues and describes important case law. He analyzes situations in which photographing, broadcasting, and televising in the courtroom are currently allowed and examines the relationship between the presence of media equipment during criminal trials and the actions of trial lawyers. The issue of media coverage as it relates to civil trials is also addressed, and British practices regarding press and media coverage of court proceedings are offered for comparison. "Legal Information Alert"

Freedman here presents a comprehensive discussion of an issue of growing importance to both the legal profession and the communications industry: the extent to which media coverage of criminal court proceedings should be permitted. As Freedman points out, the central question is how to strike the appropriate balance between the public's right to information and the individual's right to privacy. In "Press and Media Access to the Criminal Courtroom," he reviews the underlying legal principles and constitutional issues, describes the important cases that have shaped current legal thinking, and provides citations of the applicable case law.

1. Police ethnographies are always popular because they offer unique perspectives on police work and organisation. This book is provocative in challenging past conceptions of police culture. 2. Policing remains a popular area of teaching and is also the topic of specific degree pathways. In the UK, Police Culture is often an upper level module on Professional Policing degrees, so this book offers useful supplementary reading.

This book examines young people's involvement in crime (including crimes of violence, vandalism, shoplifting, burglary and car crime) as victims and offenders. Although adolescence is the time when involvement in crime peaks, surprisingly there are few previous UK based studies that have attempted to provide a methodical and comprehensive understanding of adolescent offending on a citywide basis. Key explanatory factors have been examined for nearly 2000 young people in the city of Peterborough. This book combines a single city focus, large sample size and high response rates with an in-depth consideration of the explanatory factors involved, focusing particularly on the interaction between individual characteristics and lifestyle, and making use of sophisticated statistical analysis. from outdated positivist perspective that has focused on early childhood factors, introducing rather concepts such as peer-delinquency (gangs), hanging around in public spaces (anti-social behaviour) and substance use - which have been not only problematic in previous attempts at criminological theorizing but have also recently become central foci of Governmental policy initiatives. This book shows how these issues and factors can be incorporated sympathetically into a single framework that advances our understanding of criminal behaviour. It makes a highly significant contribution to the wide gaps in our knowledge of why young people offend, and will be essential reading for students, practitioners and policy makers.

Meet the real Line of Duty (TM) undercover team in this previously untold and gripping story of how a Northern Irish terrorist and murderer and one of his followers, were caught in an audacious and brilliantly executed undercover sting on the English mainland, codenamed, Operation George. In 2006 at Belfast Crown Court, William James Fulton, a principal in the outlawed Loyalist Volunteer Force, was jailed for life and sentenced to a minimum of 28 years after the longest trial in Northern Ireland's legal history. Fulton was an early suspect in the Rosemary Nelson killing. Following the murder of the prominent human rights lawyer, he fled to the United States and, with help from the FBI in collusion with the British police, he was deported. On his arrival at Heathrow, Fulton 'walked through an open door,' a Lewis Carrol-like euphemism for an invitation created by the covert team, only to disappear 'down the rabbit hole' on accepting the invitation. That 'rabbit hole' led to an alternative world: an environment created and controlled by the elite covert team and only inhabited by the undercover officers and their targets. The subterfuge encouraged the terrorist targets into believing Fulton was working for a Plymouth-based 'criminal firm' over a period spanning almost two years. In that time, over fifty thousand hours of conversations between the 'firm' members were secretly recorded and used to bring the killer to justice. This unique story is told by former undercover officer Mark Dickens who was part of an elite team of undercover detectives who took part in 'Operation George,' one of the most remarkable covert policing operations the world has ever known. You won't know him under that name nor the many aliases he adopted as an undercover police officer infiltrating organised crime gangs. Together in 'Operation George,' with pioneering Operation Julie undercover officer and bestselling author, Stephen Bentley, they have written a gripping account of a unique story reminiscent of the premise of 'The Sting' film, and the 'Bloodlands' setting, combining a true-crime page-turner with a fascinating insight into early 21st-century covert policing. The publisher wishes to make clear by using the Line of Duty (TM), there is no implied association with the Line of Duty series nor World Productions Ltd and the trademark is attributed to World Productions Ltd.

1. While there is a growing literature on evidence-based policing, many of the books merely introduce the main concepts and approaches. The proposed book goes further in examining how research and practice can be merged. 2. This book speaks to the ongoing professionalization of the police service in both the US and the UK, so could be used as supplementary reading on a range of more applied courses on police practice. 3. The international case-study approach will make the research that informs the practice come alive for students.

The period 1792-94 witnessed the emergence of the first genuinely popular radical movement in Britain. After the phenomenal success of Thomas Paine's Rights of Man (1791-92), the government moved swiftly to prevent French republican ideas taking hold in Britain, beginning with the prosecution of Paine himself in absentia. There followed a spate of trials for seditious libel, often against booksellers in London who were selling cheap copies of Paine's book. Finally, in May 1794, the government took the step of accusing the movement of treason, arresting its leaders, among them Thomas Hardy, Secretary of the London Corresponding Society, John Horne Tooke, the veteran gentleman radical, and the lecturer and poet John Thelwall. These eight volumes contain the key trials of London radicalism from 1792-94.

This book seeks to unravel the issues associated with the crime of murder, providing a highly accessible account of the subject for people coming to it for the first time. It uses detailed case studies as a way of exemplifying and exploring more general questions of socio-cultural responses to murder and their explanation. It incorporates a historical perspective which both provides some fascinating examples from the past and enables readers to gain a vision of what has changed and what has remained the same within those socio-cultural responses to murder. The book also embraces questions of race and gender, in particular cultural constructions of masculinity and femininity on the one hand, and the social processes of 'forgetting and remembering' in the context of particular crimes on the other. Particular murders analysed included those of Myra Hindley, Harold Shipman and the Bulger murder.

The fight against terrorism is receiving increased awareness due to recent wor- wide large-scale terrorist acts, and only since then has some attention been directed specifically to victims of terrorism. Existing legal instruments of international b- ies like the European Union, the Council of Europe and the United Nations c- cerning victims of terrorism are relatively abstract or include victims of terrorism under the broader heading of victims of crime in general. In addition, policies and legislation relating to victims of crime or victims of terrorism vary widely on the domestic level. Against this background, the European Union commissioned a project that should aim to develop more extensive standards for the aid and ass- tance of victims of terrorism at the European level. This study provides the basis from which more extensive standards could be derived. The study focuses parti- larly on developing standards in the field of continuing assistance, access to justice, administration of justice and compensation to victims of terrorism. A novel feature of the approach is that also the possible utility of restorative justice approaches is examined. An important question to address was whether there is a real need to adopt s- cific standards for victims of terrorism, thereby implying that their needs might differ from victims of ordinary crime.

This book provides a comprehensive account of the imprisonment of women for politically motivated offences in Northern Ireland between 1972 and 1999. Women political prisoners were engaged in a campaign to obtain formal recognition as political prisoners, and then to retain this status after it was revoked. Their lengthy involvement in a prison conflict of international significance was notable as much because of its longevity as the radical aspects of their prison protests, which included hunger strikes, dirty-protests and campaigns against institutional abuses. Out of Order brings out the qualitatively distinctive character and punitive ethos of regimes of political imprisonment for women, exploring the dynamics of their internal organisation, the ways in which they subverted order and security in prison, and their strategies of resistance and exploitation. Drawing upon a wide range of first hand accounts and interviews this book brings together perspectives from the areas of political imprisonment, the penal punishment of women and the question of agency and resistance in prison to create a unique, highly readable study of a neglected subject.

Ethnography has a long history in the humanities and social sciences and has provided the base line in the field of police studies for over sixty years. We have recently witnessed a resurgence in ethnographic practice amongst police scholars and this Handbook is a response to that revival. Students and academics are returning to the ethnography arena and the study of police in situ to explain the evocative worlds of the police. The list of ethnographic sites is vast and have all fed the rejuvenation of ethnographic endeavour. Together they suggest innovation, theoretical depth, broad geographical boundaries, multi-site experiments and multi-disciplinarity; all of which are central to the exploration of police and policing in the 21st century. This Handbook encapsulates the revival of police ethnography by exploring its multidisciplinary field and cataloguing the ongoing ethnographic work. It offers an original and international contribution to the field of police studies and research methods, providing a comprehensive and overarching guide to police ethnography. We see the previous classics in every page and note still the influence of the early ethnographers. At the same time, we see the innovative breadth and diversity of these narratives. The aim of this Handbook is to highlight the mosaic that is police ethnography at a point in time and note with pleasure its contribution to the field once more. Ethnography may be messy, difficult and at times uncooperative, but its results offer a unique insight into the perspectives of people and organisations that can hide in plain sight. An accessible and compelling read, this Handbook will provide a sound and essential reference source for academics, researchers, students and practitioners engaged in police and criminal justice studies.

How can it be, in a nation that elected Barack Obama, that one third of African American males born in 2001 will spend time in a state or federal prison, and that black men are seven times likelier than white men to be in prison? Blacks are much more likely than whites to be stopped by the police, arrested, prosecuted, convicted, and imprisoned, and are much less likely to have confidence in justice system officials, especially the police.
In Punishing Race, Michael Tonry demonstrates in lucid, accessible language that these patterns result not from racial differences in crime or drug use but primarily from drug and crime control policies that disproportionately affect black Americans. These policies in turn stem from a lack of white empathy for black people, and from racial stereotypes and resentments provoked partly by the Republican Southern Strategy of using coded "law and order" appeals to race to gain support from white voters. White Americans, Tonry observes, have a remarkable capacity to endure the suffering of disadvantaged black and, increasingly, Hispanic men. Crime policies are among a set of social policies enacted since the 1960s that have maintained white dominance over black people despite the end of legal discrimination. To redress these injustices, Tonry offers a number of proposals: stop racial profiling by the police, shift the emphasis of drug law enforcement to treatment and prevention, eliminate mandatory sentencing laws, and change sentencing guidelines to allow judges discretion to take account of offenders' life circumstances. Those proposals are all attainable and would all reduce unjustifiable racial disparities and the collateral human and social harms they cause.
A damning indictment of decades of misguided criminal justice policy, Punishing Race takes a crucial look at persisting racial injustice in America.

This volume addresses an important historiographical gap by assessing the respective contributions of tradition and foreign influences to the 19th century codification of criminal law. More specifically, it focuses on the extent of French influence - among others - in European and American civil law jurisdictions. In this regard, the book seeks to dispel a number of myths concerning the French model's actual influence on European and Latin American criminal codes. The impact of the Napoleonic criminal code on other jurisdictions was real, but the scope and extent of its influence were significantly less than has sometimes been claimed. The overemphasis on French influence on other civil law jurisdictions is partly due to a fundamental assumption that modern criminal codes constituted a break with the past. The question as to whether they truly broke with the past or were merely a degree of reform touches on a difficult issue, namely, the dichotomy between tradition and foreign influences in the codification of criminal law. Scholarship has unfairly ignored this important subject, an oversight that this book remedies.