Leo Szilard conceived of the possibility of nuclear fission sustained by a chain reaction years before it was achieved in the laboratory. He was also one of the initiators of the atomic bomb project in the United States. Yet he dedicated his final years to the causes of understanding and sustaining life. The eminent physicist became a biologist and a vital force calling, for the control of nuclear and other weapons.This book documents Szilard's energetic attempts to influence public policy on arms control and disarmament issues, both through open political processes and statements and through behindthe-scenes contacts with Washington power sources and a remarkable exercise in personal diplomacy with Nikita Khrushchev.Many of the issues Szilard deals with in this valuable record of the years 1947-1963 are still crucial today. His opposition to antiballistic missile systems, his proposal for a Washington-Moscow "hot line," his work on the Pugwash conferences that brought together scientists from the East and the West, his pivotal role in the creation of the Council for a Livable World, his advocacy of a nuclear policy of no-first-use and restricted retaliation, and his support of "minimum deterrence" in place of an overwhelming counterforce capability - all these matters are as important in the 1980s as they were in the 1950s and 1960s.Helen S. Hawkins and G. Allen Greb are affiliated with the Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, University of California, San Diego. The late Gertrud Weiss Szilard also served as coeditor of the first two volumes of her husband's work: The Collected Works of Leo Szilard: Scientific Papers and Leo Szilard: His Version of the Facts. Barton J. Bernstein is professor in the Department of History, Stanford University.

This major work covers almost all that has been learned about the acoustics of stringed instruments from Helmholtz's 19th-century theoretical elaborations to recent electroacoustic and holographic measurements. Many of the results presented here were uncovered by the author himself (and by his associates and students) over a 20-year period of research on the physics of instruments in the violin family. Lothar Cremer is one of the world's most respected authorities on architectural acoustics and, not incidentally, an avid avocational violinist and violist. The book-which was published in German in 1981-first of all meets the rigorous technical standards of specialists in musical acoustics. But it also serves the needs and interests of two broader groups: makers and players of stringed instruments are expressly addressed, since the implications of the mathematical formulations are fully outlined and explained; and acousticians in general will find that the work represents a textbook illustration of the application of fundamental principles and up-to-date techniques to a specific problem. The first-and longest-of the book's three parts investigates the oscillatory responses of bowed (and plucked) strings. The natural nonlinearities that derive from considerations of string torsion and bending stiffness are deftly handled and concisely modeled. The second part deals with the body of the instrument. Special attention is given to the bridge, which transmits the oscillations of the strings to the wooden body and its air cavity. In this case, linear modeling proves serviceable for the most part-a simplification that would not be possible with lute-like instruments such as the guitar. The radiation of sound from the body into the listener's space, which is treated as an extension of the instrument itself, is the subject of the book's final part.

The conclusive volume of the Brandeis University Summer Institute lecture series of 1970 on theories of interacting elementary particles consisting of five sets of lectures. The five sets of lectures are as follows: Rudolph Haag (II. Institut fur Theoretische Physik der Universitat Hamburg) on "Observables and Fields": introduction; axiomatic quantum field theory in various formulations; structure of superselection rules; charge quantum numbers; statistics; parastatistics.Maurice Jacob (CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research) on "Regge Models and Duality": introduction; duality in a semi-local way; duality and unitary symmetry; dual models for meson-meson scattering; dual models for production proceses; from dual models to a dual theory.Henry Primakoff (University of Pennsylvania) on "Weak Interactions": introduction; lepton conversation and the implications of a possible lepton non-conversation; first-order and second-order weak collision processes; "abnormalities in the weak currents and how to discover them; conclusion.Michael C. Reed (Princeton University)on "The GNS Construction -- A Pedagogical Example": infinite tensor products of Hilbert spaces; the canonical anti-commutation relations; the example; the example -- via the GNS construction.Bruno Zumino (CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research) on "Effective Lagrangians and Broken Symmetries": Introduction; effective action and phenomenological fields; Ward identities and the effective action; Goldstone's theorem; non-linear realizations; massive Yang-Mills fields as phenomenological fields; broken scale invariance; the fifteen parameter conformal group and the Weyl transformations; conversion identities and trace identities; invariant actions; SU(3)xSU(3)and conformalinvariance; strong gravitation; concluding remarks.

The first volume of the Brandeis University Summer Institute lecture series of 1970 on theories of interacting elementary particles, consisting of four sets of lectures. Every summer since 1959 Brandeis University has conducted a lecture series centered on various areas of theoretical physics. The areas are sufficiently broad to interest a large number of physicists and the lecturers are among the original explorers of these areas. The 1970 lectures, presented in two volumes, are on theories of interacting elementary particles. The four lecturers of Volume 1, and the range of the topics they cover, are as follows: Stephen L. Adler (Institute for Advanced Study) on "Perturbation Theory Anomalies": introduction and review of perturbation theory; the VVA triangle anomaly; absence of radiative corrections; generalizations of our results; connection between Ward identity anomalies and commutator (Bjorken-limit) anomalies; applications of the Bjorken limit; and breakdown of the Bjorken limit in perturbation theory. Stanley Mandelstam (University of California at Berkeley) on "Dynamical Applications of the Veneziano formula for the four-point scalar amplitude; factorization; the operator formalism; Veneziano-type quark models; and higher-order Feynman-like diagrams. Steven Weinberg (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) on "Dynamic and Algebraic Symmetries": Introduction; hadron electrodynamics; local symmetries; and chirality. Wolfhart Zimmermann (New York University) on "Local Operator Products and Renormalization in Quantum Field Theory": introduction; renormalization; operator product expansions; and local field equations. The second volume contains lectures by Rudolf Haag on observables and fields, by Maurice Jacob on duality, by Michael Reed on non-Fock representations, and by Bruno Zumino on effective Lagrangians and broken symmetries.

The focus of this volume is the microstructures and related aspects of HTS and thus it forms the sequel (or the Part-II) to the earlier Volume 28 of the book series, which also had the microstructures as its mainstay. The chapters comprising the present volume bring out a host of fresh insights into the growth morphology, defect structures and the structure property relationships in various HTS systems. Closely related to the problem of microstructures is the important issue of the damage mechanics involved in the sample processing, which also forms one of the chapters of this volume. Given its interdisciplinary premise that 'Studies of High Temperature Superconductors: is aimed at professional scientists and engineers, as well as graduate students of physics, chemistry, materials science, solid state electronics and engineering'.

This book consists of over 600 selected descriptions and abstracts of books, book chapters, patents and journal articles from throughout the world dealing with this high-profile topic. Each citation contains complete bibliographic data plus key words. The entries are grouped under the headings of: Theory of Superconductivity; Superconducting Devices; Superconducting Properties of Materials; Applications of Superconductors: Author Index; Subject Index.

Studies of High Temperature Superconductors, Volume 26 - Quaternary Borocarbides, Superconductors & Hg-Based High Tc Superconductors

Translated from the Russian-language version published in 1988 (Nauka, Moscow), this volume is devoted to an investigation of the physical characteristics of a number of high-temperature superconducting compounds and to an investigation of the properties of certain electronic components based on the

Weak Superconductivity

Physical & Material Properties of High Temperature Superconductors