The research presented in this book shows how combining deep neural networks with a special class of fuzzy logical rules and multi-criteria decision tools can make deep neural networks more interpretable - and even, in many cases, more efficient. Fuzzy logic together with multi-criteria decision-making tools provides very powerful tools for modeling human thinking. Based on their common theoretical basis, we propose a consistent framework for modeling human thinking by using the tools of all three fields: fuzzy logic, multi-criteria decision-making, and deep learning to help reduce the black-box nature of neural models; a challenge that is of vital importance to the whole research community.

This innovative monograph explores a new mathematical formalism in higher-order temporal logic for proving properties about the behavior of systems. Developed by the authors, the goal of this novel approach is to explain what occurs when multiple, distinct system components interact by using a category-theoretic description of behavior types based on sheaves. The authors demonstrate how to analyze the behaviors of elements in continuous and discrete dynamical systems so that each can be translated and compared to one another. Their temporal logic is also flexible enough that it can serve as a framework for other logics that work with similar models. The book begins with a discussion of behavior types, interval domains, and translation invariance, which serves as the groundwork for temporal type theory. From there, the authors lay out the logical preliminaries they need for their temporal modalities and explain the soundness of those logical semantics. These results are then applied to hybrid dynamical systems, differential equations, and labeled transition systems. A case study involving aircraft separation within the National Airspace System is provided to illustrate temporal type theory in action. Researchers in computer science, logic, and mathematics interested in topos-theoretic and category-theory-friendly approaches to system behavior will find this monograph to be an important resource. It can also serve as a supplemental text for a specialized graduate topics course.

The main theme of this book is recent progress in structure-preserving algorithms for solving initial value problems of oscillatory differential equations arising in a variety of research areas, such as astronomy, theoretical physics, electronics, quantum mechanics and engineering. It systematically describes the latest advances in the development of structure-preserving integrators for oscillatory differential equations, such as structure-preserving exponential integrators, functionally fitted energy-preserving integrators, exponential Fourier collocation methods, trigonometric collocation methods, and symmetric and arbitrarily high-order time-stepping methods. Most of the material presented here is drawn from the recent literature. Theoretical analysis of the newly developed schemes shows their advantages in the context of structure preservation. All the new methods introduced in this book are proven to be highly effective compared with the well-known codes in the scientific literature. This book also addresses challenging problems at the forefront of modern numerical analysis and presents a wide range of modern tools and techniques.

This book explores the genesis of ransomware and how the parallel emergence of encryption technologies has elevated ransomware to become the most prodigious cyber threat that enterprises are confronting. It also investigates the driving forces behind what has been dubbed the 'ransomware revolution' after a series of major attacks beginning in 2013, and how the advent of cryptocurrencies provided the catalyst for the development and increased profitability of ransomware, sparking a phenomenal rise in the number and complexity of ransomware attacks. This book analyzes why the speed of technology adoption has been a fundamental factor in the continued success of financially motivated cybercrime, and how the ease of public access to advanced encryption techniques has allowed malicious actors to continue to operate with increased anonymity across the internet. This anonymity has enabled increased collaboration between attackers, which has aided the development of new ransomware attacks, and led to an increasing level of technical complexity in ransomware attacks. This book highlights that the continuous expansion and early adoption of emerging technologies may be beyond the capacity of conventional risk managers and risk management frameworks. Researchers and advanced level students studying or working in computer science, business or criminology will find this book useful as a reference or secondary text. Professionals working in cybersecurity, cryptography, information technology, financial crime (and other related topics) will also welcome this book as a reference.

Design automation of electronic and hybrid systems is a steadily growing field of interest and a permanent challenge for researchers in Electronics, Computer Engineering and Computer Science. System Design Automation presents some recent results in design automation of different types of electronic and mechatronic systems. It deals with various topics of design automation, ranging from high level digital system synthesis, through analogue and heterogeneous system analysis and design, up to system modeling and simulation. Design automation is treated from the aspects of its theoretical fundamentals, its basic approach and its methods and tools. Several application cases are presented in detail. The book consists of three chapters: High-Level System Synthesis (Digital Hardware/Software Systems). Here embedded systems, distributed systems and processor arrays as well as hardware-software codesign are treated. Also three special application cases are discussed in detail; Analog and Heterogeneous System Design (System Approach and Methodology). This chapter copes with the analysis and design of hybrid systems comprised of analog and digital, electronic and mechanical components; System Simulation and Evaluation (Methods and Tools). In this chapter object-oriented Modelling, analog system simulation including fault-simulation, parameter optimization and system validation are regarded. The contents of the book are based on material presented at the Workshop System Design Automation (SDA 2000) organised by the Sonderforschungsbereich 358 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft at TU Dresden.

This book extrapolates many of the concepts that are well defined for discrete-time deterministic sliding-mode control for use with discrete-time stochastic systems. It details sliding-function designs for various categories of linear time-invariant systems and its application for control. The resulting sliding-mode control addresses robustness issues and the functional-observer approach reduces the observer order substantially. Sliding-mode control (SMC) is designed for discrete-time stochastic systems, extended so that states lie within a specified band, and able to deal with incomplete information. Functional-observer-based SMC is designed for various clauses of stochastic systems: discrete-time; discrete-time with delay; state time-delayed; and those with parametric uncertainty. Stability considerations arising because of parametric uncertainty are taken into account and, where necessary, the effects of unmatched uncertainties mitigated. A simulation example is used to explain the use of the functional-observer approach to SMC design. Discrete-Time Stochastic Sliding-Mode Control Using Functional Observation will interest all researchers working in sliding-mode control and will be of particular assistance to graduate students in understanding the changes in design philosophy that arise when changing from continuous- to discrete-time systems. It helps to pave the way for further progress in applications of discrete-time SMC.

This book highlights research and survey articles dedicated to big data techniques for cyber-physical system (CPS), which addresses the close interactions and feedback controls between cyber components and physical components. The book first discusses some fundamental big data problems and solutions in large scale distributed CPSs. The book then addresses the design and control challenges in multiple CPS domains such as vehicular system, smart city, smart building, and digital microfluidic biochips. This book also presents the recent advances and trends in the maritime simulation system and the flood defence system.

This book presents novel results by participants of the conference "Control theory of infinite-dimensional systems" that took place in January 2018 at the FernUniversitat in Hagen. Topics include well-posedness, controllability, optimal control problems as well as stability of linear and nonlinear systems, and are covered by world-leading experts in these areas. A distinguishing feature of the contributions in this volume is the particular combination of researchers from different fields in mathematics working in an interdisciplinary fashion on joint projects in mathematical system theory. More explicitly, the fields of partial differential equations, semigroup theory, mathematical physics, graph and network theory as well as numerical analysis are all well-represented.

In the present book, the starting line is defined by a morphogenetic perspective on human communication and culture. The focus is on visual communication, music, religion (myth), and language, i.e., on the "symbolic forms" at the heart of human cultures (Ernst Cassirer). The term "morphogenesis" has more precisely the meaning given by Rene Thom (1923-2002) in his book "Morphogenesis and Structural Stability" (1972) and the notions of "self-organization" and cooperation of subsystems in the "Synergetics" of Hermann Haken (1927- ). The naturalization of communication and cultural phenomena is the favored strategy, but the major results of the involved disciplines (art history, music theory, religious science, and linguistics) are respected. Visual art from the Paleolithic to modernity stands for visual communication. The present book focuses on studies of classical painting and sculpture (e.g., Leonardo da Vinci, William Turner, and Henry Moore) and modern art (e.g., Jackson Pollock and Joseph Beuys). Musical morphogenesis embraces classical music (from J. S. Bach to Arnold Schoenberg) and political songwriting (Bob Dylan, Leonhard Cohen). The myths of pre-literary societies show the effects of self-organization in the re-assembly (bricolage) of traditions. Classical polytheistic and monotheistic religions demonstrate the unfolding of basic germs (religious attractors) and their reduction in periods of crisis, the self-organization of complex religious networks, and rationalized macro-structures (in theologies). Significant tendencies are analyzed in the case of Buddhism and Christianism. Eventually, a holistic view of symbolic communication and human culture emerges based on state- of- the- art in evolutionary biology, cognitive science, linguistics, and semiotics (philosophy of symbolic forms).

Why is it that many large public projects run out of control in terms of scope, budget and time? How can it be explained that urban regeneration programs are highly successful in one neighborhood but fail to deliver in an adjacent neighborhood? Why is it that public policies can return unexpected and sometimes even unwanted outcomes, despite meticulous planning? Why is public decision-making such a complex affair? The world is an erratic place, full of surprises, some of which are wanted and others are unwanted. Public decision-making in this world is like punching clouds: considerable energy is put into the punching but the cloud goes its own way, despite the punches. Recent ideas and insights from the complexity sciences improve our understanding of the intricate nature of public decision-making. This book offers a bridge between the study of public decision-making in the domain of Public Administration on the one hand, and the complexity sciences on the other hand. It is aimed at (doctoral) students and scholars in Public Administration who are curious about how the complexity sciences can inform the analysis and understanding of public decision-making. The book introduces important concepts such as systems, non-linear dynamics, self-organization and coevolution, and discusses their relevance to public decision-making. It also proposes a case-based research method for researching this complexity. Lasse Gerrits, Ph.D. is associate professor in Public Administration at the Erasmus University Rotterdam (the Netherlands) and member of the research group Governance of Complex Systems.

This monograph introduces breakthrough control algorithms for partial differential equation models with moving boundaries, the study of which is known as the Stefan problem. The algorithms can be used to improve the performance of various processes with phase changes, such as additive manufacturing. Using the authors' innovative design solutions, readers will also be equipped to apply estimation algorithms for real-world phase change dynamics, from polar ice to lithium-ion batteries. A historical treatment of the Stefan problem opens the book, situating readers in the larger context of the area. Following this, the chapters are organized into two parts. The first presents the design method and analysis of the boundary control and estimation algorithms. Part two then explores a number of applications, such as 3D printing via screw extrusion and laser sintering, and also discusses the experimental verifications conducted. A number of open problems and provided as well, offering readers multiple paths to explore in future research. Materials Phase Change PDE Control & Estimation is ideal for researchers and graduate students working on control and dynamical systems, and particularly those studying partial differential equations and moving boundaries. It will also appeal to industrial engineers and graduate students in engineering who are interested in this area.

This book focuses on how the BOXES Methodology, which is based on the work of Donald Michie, is applied to ill-defined real-time control systems with minimal a priori knowledge of the system. The method is applied to a variety of systems including the familiar pole and cart. This second edition includes a new section that covers some further observations and thoughts, problems, and evolutionary extensions that the reader will find useful in their own implementation of the method. This second edition includes a new section on how to handle jittering about a system boundary which in turn causes replicated run times to become part of the learning mechanism. It also addresses the aging of data values using a forgetfulness factor that causes wrong values of merit to be calculated. Another question that is addressed is "Should a BOXES cell ever be considered fully trained and, if so, excluded from further dynamic updates". Finally, it expands on how system boundaries may be shifted using data from many runs using an evolutionary paradigm.

This proceedings book presents state-of-the-art developments in theory, methodology, and applications of network analysis across sociology, computational science, education research, literature studies, political science, international relations, social media research, and urban studies. The papers comprising this collection were presented at the Fifth 'Networks in the Global World' conference organized by the Centre for German and European Studies of St. Petersburg University and Bielefeld University and held on July 7-9, 2020. This biannual conference series revolves around key interdisciplinary issues in the focus of network analysts, such as the multidimensional approach to social reality, translation of theories and methods across disciplines, and mixing of data and methods. The distinctive features of this book are the emphasis on in-depth linkages between theory, method, and applications, the blend of qualitative and quantitative methods, and the joint consideration of different network levels, types, and contexts. The topics covered by the papers include interrelation of social and cultural structures, constellations of power, and patterns of interaction in areas ranging from various types of communities (local, international, educational, political, and so on) to social media and literature. The book is useful for practicing researchers, graduate and postgraduate students, and educators interested in network analysis of social relations, politics, economy, and culture. Features that set the book apart from others in the field: * The book offers a unique cross-disciplinary blend of computational and ethnographic network analyses applied to a diverse spectrum of spheres, from literature and education to urban planning and policymaking. * Embracing conceptual, methodological, and empirical works, the book is among the few in network analysis to emphasize connections between theory, method, and applications. * The book brings together authors and empirical contexts from all over the globe, with a particular emphasis on European societies.

"Fault-Tolerant Process Control" focuses on the development of general, yet practical, methods for the design of advanced fault-tolerant control systems; these ensure an efficient fault detection and a timely response to enhance fault recovery, prevent faults from propagating or developing into total failures, and reduce the risk of safety hazards. To this end, methods are presented for the design of advanced fault-tolerant control systems for chemical processes which explicitly deal with actuator/controller failures and sensor faults and data losses. Specifically, the book puts forward:

.A framework for detection, isolation and diagnosis of actuator and sensor faults for nonlinear systems;

. Controller reconfiguration and safe-parking-based fault-handling methodologies;

. Integrated-data- and model-based fault-detection and isolation and fault-tolerant control methods;

. Methods for handling sensor faults and data losses; and

. Methods for monitoring the performance of low-level PID loops.

The methodologies proposed employ nonlinear systems analysis, Lyapunov techniques, optimization, statistical methods and hybrid systems theory and are predicated upon the idea of integrating fault-detection, local feedback control, and supervisory control. The applicability and performance of the methods are demonstrated through a number of chemical process examples. "Fault-Tolerant Process Control" is a valuable resource for academic researchers, industrial practitioners as well as graduate students pursuing research in this area."

This book offers a systematic and rigorous treatment of continuous-time Markov decision processes, covering both theory and possible applications to queueing systems, epidemiology, finance, and other fields. Unlike most books on the subject, much attention is paid to problems with functional constraints and the realizability of strategies. Three major methods of investigations are presented, based on dynamic programming, linear programming, and reduction to discrete-time problems. Although the main focus is on models with total (discounted or undiscounted) cost criteria, models with average cost criteria and with impulsive controls are also discussed in depth. The book is self-contained. A separate chapter is devoted to Markov pure jump processes and the appendices collect the requisite background on real analysis and applied probability. All the statements in the main text are proved in detail. Researchers and graduate students in applied probability, operational research, statistics and engineering will find this monograph interesting, useful and valuable.

This book highlights new trends and challenges in intelligent systems, which play an important part in the digital transformation of many areas of science and practice. It includes papers offering a deeper understanding of the human-centred perspective on artificial intelligence, of intelligent value co-creation, ethics, value-oriented digital models, transparency, and intelligent digital architectures and engineering to support digital services and intelligent systems, the transformation of structures in digital businesses and intelligent systems based on human practices, as well as the study of interaction and the co-adaptation of humans and systems. All papers were originally presented at the International KES Conference on Human Centred Intelligent Systems 2020 (KES HCIS 2020), held on June 17-19, 2020, in Split, Croatia.

Iterative Learning Control (ILC) differs from most existing control methods in the sense that, it exploits every possibility to incorporate past control informa tion, such as tracking errors and control input signals, into the construction of the present control action. There are two phases in Iterative Learning Control: first the long term memory components are used to store past control infor mation, then the stored control information is fused in a certain manner so as to ensure that the system meets control specifications such as convergence, robustness, etc. It is worth pointing out that, those control specifications may not be easily satisfied by other control methods as they require more prior knowledge of the process in the stage of the controller design. ILC requires much less information of the system variations to yield the desired dynamic be haviors. Due to its simplicity and effectiveness, ILC has received considerable attention and applications in many areas for the past one and half decades. Most contributions have been focused on developing new ILC algorithms with property analysis. Since 1992, the research in ILC has progressed by leaps and bounds. On one hand, substantial work has been conducted and reported in the core area of developing and analyzing new ILC algorithms. On the other hand, researchers have realized that integration of ILC with other control techniques may give rise to better controllers that exhibit desired performance which is impossible by any individual approach."

This book explores event-based estimation problems. It shows how several stochastic approaches are developed to maintain estimation performance when sensors perform their updates at slower rates only when needed. The self-contained presentation makes this book suitable for readers with no more than a basic knowledge of probability analysis, matrix algebra and linear systems. The introduction and literature review provide information, while the main content deals with estimation problems from four distinct angles in a stochastic setting, using numerous illustrative examples and comparisons. The text elucidates both theoretical developments and their applications, and is rounded out by a review of open problems. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and students who wish to expand their knowledge and work in the area of event-triggered systems. At the same time, engineers and practitioners in industrial process control will benefit from the event-triggering technique that reduces communication costs and improves energy efficiency in wireless automation applications.

This book introduces the reader to the concept of functional synchronization and how it operates on very different levels in psychological and social systems - from the emergence of thought to the formation of social relations and the structure of societies. For years, psychologists have investigated phenomena such as self-concept, social judgment, social relations, group dynamics, and cooperation and conflict, but have discussed these phenomena seoarately.This book shows how synchronization provides a foundational approach to these otherwise distinct and diverse psychological processes.This work shows that there is a basic tendency with many processes to become coordinated and progressively integrated into increasingly larger units through well-defined processes. For these larger units, new and largely adaptive functions emerge. Although synchronization affords progressive integration of system elements to enable correspondingly higher-order functions, the trajectory of synchronization is often characterized by periods of assembly and disassembly of system elements. This occurs when a task is completed and synchronization is no longer essential so that the elements once again operate in an independent fashion. It is argued that the disassembly-resynchronization scenario occurs at all levels of psychological and social reality. The implications of this approach for important issues in interpersonal relations and societal processes are discussed.

This book is a novel tutorial for research-oriented study of vibration mechanics. The book begins with twelve open problems from six case studies of vibration mechanics in order to guide readers in studying the entire book. Then, the book surveys both theories and methods of linear vibrations in an elementary course from a new perspective of aesthetics of science so as to assist readers to upgrade their way of learning. The successive chapters offer a theoretical frame of linear vibrations and waves, covering the models of vibration systems, the vibration analysis of discrete systems, the natural vibrations of one-dimensional structures, the natural vibrations of symmetric structures, and the waves and vibrations of one-dimensional structures. The chapters help readers solve the twelve open problems step by step during the research-oriented study. The book tries to arouse the interest of graduate students and professionals, who have learnt an elementary course of vibration mechanics of two credits, to conduct the research-oriented study and achieve a helical upgrade understanding to vibration mechanics.

This book aims to present a survey of a large class of nonlinear dynamical systems exhibiting mixed-mode oscillations (MMOs). It is a sort of a guide to systems related to MMOs that features material from original research papers, including the author's own studies. The material is presented in seven chapters divided into sections. Usually, the first sections are of an introductory nature, explain phenomena, and exhibit numerical results. More advanced investigations are presented in the subsequent sections. Coverage includes * Dynamic behavior of nonlinear systems, * Fundamentals of processes exhibiting MMOs,* Mechanism and function of an structure of MMOs patterns, * Analysis of MMOs in electric circuits and systems, * MMOs in chemistry, biology, and medicine, * MMOs in mechanics and transport vehicles, * MMOs in fractional order systems. This is the first extensive description of these topics and the interpretation of analytical results and those obtained from computer simulations with the MATLAB environment. The book provides the readers with better understanding of the nature of MMOs, richness of their behaviors, and interesting applications.

This book gives a general introduction to theoretically understand thermodynamic properties and response to applied fields of mesoscopic systems that closely relate to experiments. The book clarifies many conceptual and practical problems associated with the Larmor clock and thus makes it a viable approach to study these properties. The book is written pedagogically so that a graduate or undergraduate student can follow it. This book also opens up new research areas related to the unification of classical and quantum theories and the meaning of time. It provides a scientific mechanism for time travel which is of immense fascination to science as well as society. It is known that developments in mesoscopic physics can lead to downscaling of device sizes. So, new or experienced researchers can have a quick introduction to various areas in which they might contribute in the future. This book is expected to be a valuable addition to the subject of mesoscopic physics.

This book introduces the fractal interpolation functions (FIFs) in approximation theory to the readers and the concerned researchers in advanced level. FIFs can be used to precisely reconstruct the naturally occurring functions when compared with the classical interpolants. The book focuses on the construction of fractals in metric space through various iterated function systems. It begins by providing the Mathematical background behind the fractal interpolation functions with its graphical representations and then introduces the fractional integral and fractional derivative on fractal functions in various scenarios. Further, the existence of the fractal interpolation function with the countable iterated function system is demonstrated by taking suitable monotone and bounded sequences. It also covers the dimension of fractal functions and investigates the relationship between the fractal dimension and the fractional order of fractal interpolation functions. Moreover, this book explores the idea of fractal interpolation in the reconstruction scheme of illustrative waveforms and discusses the problems of identification of the characterizing parameters. In the application section, this research compendium addresses the signal processing and its Mathematical methodologies. A wavelet-based denoising method for the recovery of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals contaminated by nonstationary noises is presented, and the author investigates the recognition of healthy, epileptic EEG and cardiac ECG signals using multifractal measures. This book is intended for professionals in the field of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science, helping them broaden their understanding of fractal functions and dimensions, while also providing the illustrative experimental applications for researchers in biomedicine and neuroscience.

This book emphasizes those topological methods (of dynamical systems) and theories that are useful in the study of different classes of nonautonomous evolutionary equations. The content is developed over six chapters, providing a thorough introduction to the techniques used in the Chapters III-VI described by Chapter I-II. The author gives a systematic treatment of the basic mathematical theory and constructive methods for Nonautonomous Dynamics. They show how these diverse topics are connected to other important parts of mathematics, including Topology, Functional Analysis and Qualitative Theory of Differential/Difference Equations. Throughout the book a nice balance is maintained between rigorous mathematics and applications (ordinary differential/difference equations, functional differential equations and partial difference equations). The primary readership includes graduate and PhD students and researchers in in the field of dynamical systems and their applications (control theory, economic dynamics, mathematical theory of climate, population dynamics, oscillation theory etc).

This book collects the latest results and new trends in the application of mathematics to some problems in control theory, numerical simulation and differential equations. The work comprises the main results presented at a thematic minisymposium, part of the 9th International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM 2019), held in Valencia, Spain, from 15 to 18 July 2019. The topics covered in the 6 peer-review contributions involve applications of numerical methods to real problems in oceanography and naval engineering, as well as relevant results on switching control techniques, which can have multiple applications in industrial complexes, electromechanical machines, biological systems, etc. Problems in control theory, as in most engineering problems, are modeled by differential equations, for which standard solving procedures may be insufficient. The book also includes recent geometric and analytical methods for the search of exact solutions for differential equations, which serve as essential tools for analyzing problems in many scientific disciplines.