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Books > Humanities > History > History of specific subjects > Economic history
"The Economic Crisis and the State of Economics" brings together
leading economists from a diverse set of backgrounds and presents
their take on how economics can explain the current crisis but also
how the crisis will affect economic thought.
This is the first book to examine behavioral theories on social
preference from institutional and philosophical perspectives using
economic experiments. The experimental method in economics has
challenged central behavioral assumptions based on rationality and
selfishness, proposing empirical evidence that not only profit
seeking but also social preferences matter in individuals' decision
making. By performing distribution experiments in institutional
contexts, the author extends assumptions about human behavior to
understand actual social economy. The book also aims to enrich
behavioral theories of economics directed toward institutional
evolution.The author scrutinizes how specific institutional
conditions enhance or mute individuals' selfish incentives or their
fairness ideals such as egalitarian, performance-based, labor-value
radicalism or libertarianism. From experimental results and their
analysis, implications for actual problems in social economy and
institutional change are derived: why performance-based pay often
fails to promote workers' productivity; why labor wages decline
whereas shareholder's values increase after financialization; and
whether socially responsible investment can be a social institution
for corporate governance.The book is also addressed to philosophers
of social sciences interested in how experimental methods can
contribute to developing cognition of human behaviors and be
extended to social theories. Referring to behavioral theorists in
the history of economic thought, the author discusses the meanings
of experiments in the methodology of social sciences. She also
proposes new ways of interpreting experimental results by reviving
historic social theories and applying them to actual social
problems.
This book presents a great deal of new primary research on a wide
range of aspects of early modern East Asia. Focusing primarily on
maritime connections, the book explores the importance of
international trade networks, the implications of technological
dissemination, and the often unforeseen consequences of missionary
efforts. It demonstrates the benefi ts of a global history
approach, outlining the complex interactions between Western
traders and Asian states and entrepreneurs. Overall, the book
presents much interesting new material on this complicated and
understudied period. .
In the twentieth century, the United States replaced the United
Kingdom as the centre of both the output of economic literature and
the international economy. Having examined the structure of
influence within the Keynesian and the Anti-Keynesian Traditions,
(volume 1 and 2), this volume, the third of the trilogy, focuses
more directly on economists and it highlights a multi-layered
structure of influence within the policy process. Unpublished
archival evidence illuminates aspects of the process by which the
USA emerged as a dominant player in the world economy. This volume
will be of interest not just to economists but to historians and
social scientists, and to anyone interested in this transformation
in world history.
The essaysthat comprise thisvolume were written over the period of
some ten years, for different purposes and on different occasions,
but they are unitedby a number of features, which this preface may
serve to indicate. While the collection begins with a translation
drawn from the fourth p- sentation of Hobbes's political thought,
namely, the Latin Leviathan of 1668, after The Elements of Law
(1640), De Cive (1642 and 1647) and the English Leviathan of 1651,
the focus of the essays is largely on theEnglish version of his
masterpiece of political philosophy. It isthe center of
gravityinthe twenty eight years spanninghis departure from England
for exile in France in 1640 till the publication in 1668 of the
Latin Leviathan, withits lengthy and c- plex Appendix. The
translation andintroduction of theAppendix, previously published,
appears here with several revisions and additions, as does the
essay 'Thomas Hobbes and the EconomicTrinity. ' A second feature
common to these essays isthe deliberate attempttomake sense of
thereligious elements inHobbes's thought, bothintheir own rightand
inrelation to his politics and natural science. These themes are
woven together in complex ways. For instance, objecting to the use
of Greek philosophic language and concepts to interpret the
doctrines of the Christian religion, he propounds what he takes to
be a more thoroughly scriptural interpretation, in pursuit of the
goal of demolishing the basis for anypower inthe state independent
of thecivil sovereign.
The contributions of Understanding the Sources of Early Modern and
Modern Commercial Law: Courts, Statutes, Contracts, and Legal
Scholarship show the wealth of sources which historians of
commercial law use to approach their subject. Depending on the
subject, historical research on mercantile law must be ready to
open up to different approaches and sources in a truly imaginative
and interdisciplinary way. This, more than many other branches of
law, has always been largely non-state law. Normative, 'official',
sources are important in commercial law as well, but other sources
are often needed to complement them. The articles of the volume
present an excellent assemblage of those sources. Anja Amend-Traut,
Albrecht Cordes, Serge Dauchy, Dave De ruysscher, Olivier Descamps,
Ricardo Galliano Court, Eberhard Isenmann, Mia Korpiola, Peter
Oestmann, Heikki Pihlajamaki, Edouard Richard, Margrit Schulte
Beerbuhl, Guido Rossi, Bram Van Hofstraeten, Boudewijn Sirks, Alain
Wijffels, and Justyna Wubs-Mrozewicz.
After the Second World War, the economics of the western capitalist
countries were based on a production system called fordism, but in
the mid 1970s this system began to break down, and it has been in
crisis since. But does resolving this crisis imply a complete break
with the past, notably with the principles of Taylor and
Ford?;Based on an analysis of the transformations currently taking
place in several international companies, this book reveals the
complexities and subtleties of today's transitions.
Modern bank insurance is traced to its roots in The Chinese
Cornerstone of Modern Banking: The Canton Guaranty System and the
Origins of Bank Deposit Insurance 1780-1933. Frederic Delano Grant,
Jr. provides new understandings of the Canton System, collective
responsibility for debt at Canton, and the history of deposit
insurance. The Canton Guaranty System inspired radical reform in
New York in 1829 - the ancestor of all modern deposit insurance.
Yet it was never the success imagined, and soon failed. In the
Opium War, the Chinese government as implicit guarantor was forced
to pay its debts in full on 23 July 1843. The afflictions of the
Chinese system, including moral hazard, too big to fail, and
unenforced laws, remain familiar today.
Volume 23C of this research annual first presents lecture notes
from courses at the University of Wisconsin during 1955-6 given by
Hans Hl. Gerth and Edwin E. Witte, together with correspondence of
Selig Perlman. The volume also presents notes taken by F. Taylor
Ostrander in courses given at the University of Chicago during
1933-4. The notes are from courses given by John U. Nef, Charles O.
Hardy, and Chester W. Wright, on European economic history, money
and banking, and U.S. economic history, respectively.
Trading enterprise figures prominently in Indonesian history.
Commercial activities penetrated deep into the economy, politics
and society of the former Netherlands Indies. Dutch Commerce and
Chinese Merchants in Java describes this, largely forgotten, world
of commerce. During the period 1800-1942 this vanished world was,
however, bustling. Merchants of very different background and
stature cooperated and competed with each other. Trading relations
were forged and dissolved, contracts were honoured and broken,
fortunes were made and lost. Using unpublished archival sources in
Indonesia and the Netherlands Alexander Claver recounts the diverse
trading mechanisms, complex credit relations and countless
participants involved. How Dutch, Chinese, and Arab traders related
to each other in such demanding business environment is the
fascinating story of this book.
The Austrian economic school famously predicted and explained the
problems of calculation in a socialist society. With their concept
of spontaneous order, they challenged mainstream economists to look
beyond simplified static models and consider the dynamic and
evolutionary characteristics of social orders. However, many feel
that Austrians took their victory too far and became ideologically
devoted to laissez-faire. Austrian Theory and Economic Organization
is a collection of essays on problems and possibilities in economic
organization, written by economists and political scientists with
an interest in the dynamic and evolutionary nature of market
economies. Each chapter explores areas of potential agreement
between Austrian theory, market socialist economics, and other
heterodox schools of economic and political science. The collection
aims to bridge cultural and political divisions between free market
advocates who stress individual rights and left-leaning thinkers
who stress social justice and a culture of solidarity.
Italian accounting has a long and honourable tradition of
theoretical and applied analysis of the accounting and reporting
function, perceived and defined much more broadly than in the
Anglo-Saxon tradition. The high point of this perhaps, is the
creation of what is known as Economia Aziendale (EA). The
antecedents, genesis and later developments are presented here in
detail by highly knowledgeable specialists in the field. EA takes
as a prerequisite the necessity of the business (entity/azienda) to
ensure its own long-run survival. This requires that the necessary
resources are retained and preserved, so operating capital
maintenance, by definition future-oriented, is essential. It
requires a focus on the particular business organization,
entity-specific and consistent with today's notion of the business
model. Entity-specific information relevant to current and future
cash flows is a necessary pre-requisite for ensuring long-run
survival, which historical cost accounting, or fair value (being
market-specific not entity-specific) satisfactorily achieve.
Flexibility of valuation and of reporting, always relevant to the
specific asset at the specific time in the specific place, is a
necessary condition for effective management. This is exactly the
focus of EA and its analysis and tradition. Scholars and advanced
students of international regulation and accounting, as well as
accounting history, will find this an invaluable guide to a
vibrant, scholarly tradition of great practical relevance today.
Korean Americans are one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in
the United States. Although they share many similar cultural
characteristics with other Asian Americans, the Korean Americans
are unique in terms of their strong ethnic attachment, extensive
participation in Christian churches, heavy involvement in
self-employed small businesses, wide geographic dispersion in
settlement, and the emergence of the 1.5 generation phenomenon.
This book answers the following questions for the student or
interested reader: * Who are the Korean people? * Why did they come
to the United States? * How did they adapt to their new country? *
How are they received by the majority of Americans? * What are
their accomplishments, problems, and contributions to American
society? Other special features include: * An extensive coverage on
the ethnic background (history, language, religion, customs, and
other cultural heritage) of Korean Americans. * Current statistical
data on Korean immigration to the United States. * A comprehensive
analysis of socioeconomic characteristics of Korean Americans as
compared with those of other minority groups. * A succinct analysis
of the unique characteristics of Korean Americans. * Effective use
of personal narratives. In 1970 there were about 70,000 Korean
Americans-the number grew tenfold to about 790,000 in 1990. The
Korean American population is now estimated at well over a million,
and demographic projections indicate that the number will reach
about three million by the year 2030. Korean Americans are thus
among the new groups of Americans to become another integral part
of the American history of cultural pluralism and ethnic diversity.
Examined are the most significant areas of Korean American's
adaptation-economic adjustment, sociocultural adaptation, family
life, ethnic associations, intergroup relations, and psychological
adjustment. In each area of adaptation, positive attainment as well
as the problems of adjustment are analyzed in light of current
theories and empirical research. The book concludes with a
discussion of the unique characteristics of Korean Americans and
their impact on society.
The experience of one region over 25 years within the European
Union forms the basis of an examination of how the EU impacts on a
region's economy, on its society and on its own particular
problems. In the case of Northern Ireland, inclusion in the
European Union has coincided with the most sustained campaign of
political terrorism in western Europe. Specialist contributors to
this book consider what difference the European dimension has made
to the region over the quarter century since 1973.
Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Nikolai Bukharin were the three
leaders of the Russian Revolution who shaped the new society most,
both through their theories and their political leadership. All
three were motivated by the ideal of building a utopian collective.
Once in power, they tirelessly tried to put their vision into
practice, but the Soviet system that resulted was nothing like the
one they tried to create. In Spontaneous Order and the Utopian
Collective, Nell takes her cue from the personal writings and
documents of Lenin, Trotsky, and Bukharin to consider them anew
from an Austrian theoretical perspective, analyze the divergence
between theory and practice using a spontaneous order framework,
and identify three interconnected prerequisites necessary for a
utopian collectivist society. Nell then asks whether it might be
possible to create this utopian collective somehow, and avoid the
pitfalls of planning.
This volume of Research in Economic History includes eight papers.
Five were submitted through regular channels and three papers which
were solicited at the conference ???Toward a Global History of
Prices and Wages???. Following is Nonnenmacher??'s study of the
early years of the telegraph industry in the United States. The
third paper is Herranz-Lonc??n??'s estimates of the growth of the
Spanish infrastructure between 1844 and 1935. Then there are two
papers based on microeconomic data. The first is the investigation
by James, Palumbo and Thomas of late nineteenth century saving
among working class families in the United States. The second is
Murray??'s study of the operation of pioneering sickness insurance
schemes in several European countries between 1895 and 1908.
Finally, the three papers from the conference. In the first of
these papers, Pamuk studies trends in urban construction workers???
wages in the Eastern Mediterranean over almost a millennium. The
following paper by Bassino and Ma examines wages of Japanese
unskilled workers between 1741 and 1913. In the final paper, Ward
and Devereux present estimates of the relative income of the United
Kingdom in comparison with that of the United States for 1831,
1839, 1849, 1859 and 1869.
<I>Ideology and International Economy</I> is the first major study of the intellectual and institutional forces which combined to undermine the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates. In two decades, Milton Friedman's "case for flexible exchange rates" was transformed from a minority academic viewpoint to the operational framework for the international monetary system. In the process, the International Monetary Fund was defeated, sidelined and in danger of becoming an irrelevant organization.
In Designing US Economic Policy, W. Robert Brazelton analyzes the Second World War. As the world struggled to recover from the massive wartime expenditure, it was essential that economic policy not repeat the mistakes of the prewar era that sparked the new 1930s Depression. These new policies included Truman's New Deal, which helped shape both the economic and social climate of the US today.
This book analyzes the evolution of the institutional structure of
the Dutch political economy since 1950. It sketches in broad
strokes the origin and economic role of coordination in the
Netherlands. The Dutch economy is compared with other OECD
countries by using the 'varieties of capitalism' theory and
distinguishing between coordinated and liberal market economies.
The author focuses on the constant adaptation of deliberative
institutions in the business system, in labor relations, and in
welfare policy. The complex institutional setting did not prevent
the economy from participating in the globalization of markets and
capital that took place since ca. 1980. The book is located at the
intersection of two quite different literatures: modern economic
history and the political science literature on 'varieties of
capitalism'.
Capital has dominated the imagination of Western society from the
Industrial Revolution. "Means and Ends" offers the first
comprehensive interpretation of the rise, evolution and crisis of
this concept from the sixteenth century to the modern day. Based on
a wealth of primary sources it offers an exciting study of
intellectual and cultural history.
An essential addition to any economics library, these five
volumes present the contributions and writings of an influential
and prolific scholar.
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