This book sheds light on the Soviet economic system, which claimed the eventual abolition of money, collapsed following a monetary turmoil. It argues that the cause of the economic collapse was embedded in the design of the economic system. The Soviet economic system restricted the market, but continued to use fiat money. Consequently, it faced the question for which no feasible answer seemed to exist: how to manage fiat money without data and information generated by the market? Using Soviet data newly available from the archives, the book evaluates the performance of the components of monetary management mechanism, discovers the continuous accumulation of open and secret government debts, and quantitatively analyzes the relationship between economic growth and the money supply to support the argument. The book concludes that the Soviet economic collapse marked the end of the long history of Soviet monetary mismanagement.

This set reprints three classic volumes on Jeremy Bentham's economic writings. Before these volumes were published a great deal of Jeremy Bentham's economic work was completely unknown. All three volumes contain historical introductions and collections of passages from Bentham's non-economic writings which illustrate his views on economics as a science and the problems of methodology.
First published by George Allen & Unwin in the 1950s.

In this groundbreaking study, Andrew Miles subjects historical evidence of intergenerational and career mobility from the records of nineteenth-century marriages and autobiographical testimony to the analytical techniques developed by social scientists. Challenging previous assumptions about the long-term pattern of mobility in Britain, he demonstrates that the increase in mobility which accompanied the growth of an increasingly urbanized and bureaucratic service economy over the second half of the nineteenth century made English society more "open," while simultaneously encouraging a process of working-class formation which helped shape the emergence of modern labor politics.

Stalinism in a Russian Province reexamines the agrarian policy pillars of Stalin's 'revolution from above' initiated in 1929-30, and is the first major study of its kind since the opening of Soviet archives. Through a pioneering application of the theoretical approaches of moral and political economy to Stalin's peasant policy, Hughes reevaluates the causes and processes involved in the great political, economic and social changes in the Soviet countryside. Rather than a bipolarized conflict between state and peasant, he profiles the socially variegated response of different peasant groups to collectivization and dekulakization and argues that it was as much a process involving social conflict between peasants.

There is both an extensive introduction with two parts and a reflection at the end, which sets out and summarises the volume in a clear and accessible way, helping students and readers understand the topic as a whole, and enabling them to draw their own conclusions. The chapters are diverse in approach and subject, and many deal with global issues through European mediation, giving readers a survey of the subject beyond the traditional western European lens. The book is truely original, with its emphasis on rules/regulation rather than circulation of knowledge and issues of secrecy, providing students and readers a fresh and cutting edge approach to the history of knowledge.

Islahi explores the state of Arab Muslim economic thinking in the 19th century. Investigating the works of nine distinguished Arab writers from various fields, Islahi concludes that the intellectual, economic and Islamic awakening seen in the 19th century paved the way for the development of Islamic economics in the 20th century.

First published in 1985, Theories of Modern Capitalism provides a succinct study of Marxist and non-Marxist theories of Capitalism, its recent development, and the prospects of a transition to socialism.

The study begins with a critical examination and comparison of four major theories of capitalism, in the works of Marx, Weber, Schumpeter and Hayek. This is followed by an analysis of the most recent phase of capitalism which has been conceptualised by Marxists thinkers in various ways as 'organised capitalism'', 'state monopoly', or 'late capitalism'. Finally, Bottomore considers the question of a 'transition to socialism' in the diverse interpretations which have been offered by Marxists on one side, and by Weber, Schumpeter and Hayek on the other.

Theories of Modern Capitalism will be valuable in a wide range of courses in social and political theory, and will also have an appeal to a broader readership concerned with issues of social and economic policy.

Hybrid Knowledge in the Early East India Company World presents a new interpretation of the development of the English East India Company between 1660 and 1720. The book explores the connections between scholarship, patronage, diplomacy, trade, and colonial settlement in the early modern world. Links of patronage between cosmopolitan writers and collectors and scholars associated with the Royal Society of London and the universities are investigated. Winterbottom shows how innovative works of scholarship - covering natural history, ethnography, theology, linguistics, medicine, and agriculture - were created amid multi-directional struggles for supremacy in Asia, the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic. The role of non-elite actors including slaves in transferring knowledge and skills between settlements is explored in detail.

This is the third of seven volumes comprising the definitive scholarly edition of the works of Michal Kalecki, one of the most distinguished twentieth-century economists and one of the trio who arrived at the conclusions promulgated by Keynes around the time - and in Kalecki's case arguably earlier - than Keynes himself. Nearly half the material to appear in the seven volumes has never been previously published in English and includes revisions and additions made in the light of recent research, including information about the relationship of Kalecki's ideas to the ideas of contemporary economic theory. This third volume contains Kalecki's studies on the functioning of the socialist economy and on long-run planning, with special reference to Poland. Kalecki made an extensive contribution to the debates on Poland's post-war reconstruction, and especially on the system of planning and management of the Polish economy in 1955-64 and much of his work was unpublished until the 1980's. His activities throughout this period were so varied - on the practical level as well as on the theoretical - that the volume contains nearly all the material which has survived - Kalecki's correspondence, notes, records of his contribution to debates, and memoranda, providing an opportunity to survey Kalecki's activities related to the functioning of the Polish post-war economy.

In the early postwar era, Britain enjoyed a very close relationship with Australia and New Zealand, through their common membership of the Sterling Area and the Commonwealth Preference Area. This book examines the breakdown of this relationship in the 1950s and 60s, and the various economic factors involved. Special emphasis is given to the implications for Australia and New Zealand of Britain's proposal for a European free trade area, and of Harold Macmillan's unsuccessful bid to join the EEC in 1961-3.

The proceedings of the Development Studies Association conference held in Dublin on the 150th anniversary of the Great Irish Famine examine the historical background and the reasons why the spectre of famine continues to haunt much of the developing world today. Set in the context of the concepts of food security and insecurity it emphasises our moral responsibility to act collectively and to tackle less dramatic problems of food insecurity.

Originally published in 1987 to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Marshall Plan, this fascinating collection of essays, from an eminent 'insider' to the Marshall Plan, combines economics, politics and history to provide authoritative and personal insights into the creation of one of the greatest foreign aid programmes of the twentieth century.

Any reader interested in the Marshall Plan itself, the inner workings of a major act of US foreign policy, and its many economic, political and historical facets will welcome the reissue of this valuable book from one of America's most distinguished economists.

This is a volume of essays exploring important themes in the economic and social history of Russia and the Soviet Union during the critical period between 1860 and 1930. It covers developments in agriculture, industry, trade, economic theory, defence policy and the social impact of revolution. The essays are written by well-established specialists in Russian and Soviet economic and social history and are intended as a tribute to the work of the highly-esteemed economic historian Olga Crisp.

To counter Eurocentric notions of long-term historical change, Wet Rice Cultivation and the Emergence of the Indian Ocean draws upon the histories of societies based on wet-rice cultivation to chart an alternate pattern of social evolution and state formation and traces inter-state linkages and the growth of commercialization without capitalism.

The American System was implemented by the US government after the American-British War of 1812 to develop a national domestic market. This study explores the rise and fall of the system between its inception in 1790 and the Panic of 1837.

In the 1990s, "protection," "import substitution," and "intervention" have become dirty words, part of the "leyenda negra" of Latin America development in the post-war period. This book attempts a fresh look at the controversial years between the end of the Second World War and the point when, at varying dates in different countries, a discontinuity occurs in which the post-war "style of development" ceased to play a central role in the economic evolution of the region. The analysis is based on seven case studies covering 11countries.

In this title, first published in 1978, Sir Arthur Lewis considers the development of the international economy in the forty years leading up to the First World War, with the adoption of the gold standard, a rapid growth in world trade, the opening up of the continents by the railways, vast emigration from Europe, India and China, and large-scale international investment.

The book contrasts the relationship between prices, industrial fluctuations, agricultural output, and the stock of monetary gold, considering both the varying patterns of leading economies and then their net combined effect on the rest of the world. This is history which illuminates the contemporary economic climate in which it was written but also casts light upon our current economic crisis.

A riveting investigation into the dark underbelly of the global trash trade - a dirty, multi-billion-dollar industry that almost no one knows exists.

The total mass of the world's manmade materials has recently come to equal the entire biomass of the earth. This means we are living in a world where man's ability to create garbage, or eventual garbage, has surpassed the earth's ability to create life. Dumps and landfills around the world are overflowing, and disputes about what to do with the tons of garbage generated every day have given rise to waste wars waged in just about every country on earth. Some are border skirmishes, fought to move trash out of one place and dump it into another. Others are waged across thousands of miles.

But no matter the scale, one thing is true about almost all of them: few people have any idea they're happening. For every story about how a commodity gets hustled through world supply chains for consumption, there exists another untold story about how it gets discarded for renewal - or for eternity. Some trash gets tossed onto roadsides. Some gets burned for fuel. Some gets buried underground. But most of it lives a hot potato second life, getting bartered, sold, re-sold, smuggled, salvaged, re-purposed from one country or mafia or corporation to another, with devastating consequences for millions of people.

Waste Wars tells the stories of five trash conflicts being waged in different corners of the world right now. They are representative but rich strands in the story of our planet's runaway garbage pandemic. In each theater, a different commodity is being smuggled or imported or bartered. Sometimes there is a winner; sometimes there is a loser. And in each theater a different political dilemma - from global inequality to the pitfalls of green politics - is presenting itself through the seemingly pedestrian medium of trash. A globe-trotting work of relentless investigative reporting, Waste Wars exposes the multi-billion-dollar global garbage trade in which almost everyone in the world unknowingly engages and asks: If the handling of its trash reveals deeper truths about a particular society, what does the global business of trash say about our world today?

The Civil War and Reconstruction changed the face of social welfare provision in the South as thousands of people received public assistance for the first time in their lives. This book examines the history of southern social welfare institutions and policies in those formative years. Ten original essays explore the local nature of welfare and the limited role of the state prior to the New Deal. The contributors consider such factors as southern distinctiveness, the impact of gender on policy and practice, and ways in which welfare practices reinforced social hierarchies. By examining the role of the South's unique political economy, the impact of racism on social institutions, and the region's experience of war, this book makes it clear that the South's social welfare story is no mere carbon copy of the nation's.

This is the new edition of the highly acclaimed "Latin America in the 1930s," a text which has proved invaluable for teachers, researchers and students alike. The second edition has been revised and updated, including a new preface and updated statistical material, to form the second volume in the "Economic History of Twentieth-Century Latin America." This book confronts the puzzle of Latin America's rapid recovery from the collapse in world markets and capital flows in the late 1920s. It shows how far the safety valves which made recovery possible in the 1930s were not available fifty years later. It documents the impact of crisis on the changing role of the state and on institutional development. The Central American case studies have been updated with significantly improved data.

In 1940 few Americans had heard of mutual funds. Today U.S. mutual funds are the largest financial industry in the world, with over 88 million shareholders and over $11 trillion in assets. Cottage Industry to Financial Giant describes the developments that have produced mutual funds' long history of success. Among these developments are: * formation of the first mutual funds in the roaring 20s * how the 1929 stock market crash, a disaster for most financial institutions, spurred the growth of mutual funds * establishment in 1934, over FDR's objection, of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, the federal agency that regulates mutual funds * enactment of the Revenue Act of 1936, the tax law that saved mutual funds from extinction * passage of the Investment Company Act of 1940, the "constitution" of the mutual fund industry * the creation in 1972 of money market funds, which totally changed the mutual fund industry and the entire U.S. financial system *enactment of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, which created Individual Retirement Accounts * the accidental development of 401(k) plans, which have revolutionized the way Americans save for retirement * the 2003 trading abuses, the greatest scandal ever in the history of the mutual fund industry Many events have never been reported before. Others have been discussed in works on other subjects such as retirement plans. Thus, this is first book that pulls together the many strands of mutual funds' unique history. Moreover, the author was personally involved in developments over the past forty years, and much of the book is a personal narrative regarding the people and events that have produced mutual funds' success.

This is the first global study of the single most important intellectual and artistic movement in Brazilian cultural history before Modernism. The Indianist movement, under the direct patronage of the Emperor Pedro II, was a major pillar of the Empire's project of state-building, involving historians, poets, playwrights and novelists in the production of a large body of work extending over most of the nineteenth century. Tracing the parallel history of official indigenist policy and Indianist writing, Treece reveals the central role of the Indian in constructing the self-image of state and society under Empire. He aims to historicize the movement, examining it as a literary phenomenon, both with its own invented traditions and myths, and standing at the interfaces between culture and politics, between the Indian as imaginary and real. As this book demonstrates, the Indianist tradition was not merely an example of Romantic exoticism or escapism, recycling infinite variations on a single model of the Noble Savage imported from the European imaginary. Instead, it was a complex, evolving tradition, inextricably enmeshed with the contemporary political debates on the status of the indigenous communities and their future within the post-colonial state. These debates raised much wider questions about the legacy of colonial rule-the persistence of authoritarian models of government, the social and political marginalization of large numbers of free but landless Brazilians, and above all the maintenance of slavery. The Indianist "stage" offered the Indian alternately as tragic victim and exile, as rebel and outlaw, as alien to the social pact, as mother or protector of the post-colonial Brazilianfamily, or as self-sacrificing ally and "voluntary slave."

This book is the third installment in a series of volumes looking at episodes in American economic history from a public choice perspective. Each chapter discusses citizens, special interests, and government officials responding to economic incentives in both markets and politics. In doing so, the book provides fresh insights into important periods of American history, from the Rhode Island's 1788 Referendum on the U.S. Constitution and the political influence of women's clubs in the United States. The volume features economic historians such as Ruth Wallis Herndon, junior public choice scholars such as Jayme Lemke and Leo Krasnozhon, and political scientists such as Michael Faber. This volume will be useful for researchers and students interested in economics, history, political science, economic history, public choice, and political economy.

This book hinges upon ideas and discourses variously known under labels such as "Mercantilism" and "Cameralism". Often viewed as antithesis of capitalism, inclusive institutions and good economy in the "West", this book re-assembles them and builds them into a coherent origin story of modern capitalism. It explores the field of intellectual and conceptual history, especially the history of Renaissance and Mercantilism in a longer history of capitalism. Rather than hindrances, the author argues that Mercantilist and Cameralist political economies presented essential stepping stones of modern capitalism, in Britain and beyond. This book will be of interest to academics and students in general economic history, the history of capitalism, economic development and the history of economic thought.