Discussing the process of economic development in Japan, this book covers the period from when Japan first entered upon her career of Westernization to the beginning of the war with China in 1937. The main emphasis is on industrial and financial development and organization and on economic policy. Among the industries discussed are agriculture, textiles, steel and shipping. A comprehensive glossary and bibliography are included and much of the statistical information is tabulated for ease of reading.

Depression and Protectionism considers the case of the oldest advocate of free trade and its greatest exponent, Britain, and examines the developments that led to the reversal of that policy in the 1930s. It also discusses the consequences of the protectionst policy for the domestic economy. * Discusses the most important debate in international economics * Using an explicit economic framework, the book examines the economic origins of the industrial tariff in Britain.

The essays in this book focus on the controversies concerning Britain's economic performance between the mid-nineteenth century and the First World War. The overriding theme is that Britain's own resources were consistently more productive, more resilient and more successful than is normally assumed. And if the economy's achievement was considerable, the influence on it of external factors (trade, international competition, policy) were much less significant than is normally supposed. The book is structured as follows: Part One: The Method of Historical Economics Part Two: Enterprise in Late Victorian Britain Part Three: Britain in the World Economy, 1846-1913.

This study of economic reforms throughout Eastern Europe covers the history of attempts at decentralization. The book: describes the centralized model and compares its requirements with the realities of socialist countries; discusses the economic policies of the post-Stalinist period; and examines the origin of the reforms which began in 1956, culminating in the Soviet economic reform of 1965 and the rehabilitation of profit. The countries it covers include the former USSR, the former East Germany and Hungary.

Contents:
Part 1. The Schoolmen and their problems
1. The Beginning of Scholasticism in the British Isles
2. Commerce and Ethics
3. Growth of Trade and Commerce
4. Conflict between Ethics and Economics

Part 2. Alexander of Hales (Alensis)
1. Community and Private Property
2. Trade and Commerce
3. Aristotle and the Schoolmen
4. Usury

Part 3. Richardus de Media Villa
1. Community and Liberty
2. Lawfulness of Trade and Commerce
3. Difference between Gain and Interest

Part 4. John Duns Scotus
1. Remarks on his Life and Work
2. Origin of Property and State
3. Trade and Commerce
4. Usury

Part 5. The Legacy of the Schoolmen
1. Preparing the Way for Modern Times
2. William of Ockham
3. Influence on Modern Views

Part 6. The Age of Mercantilism: General View
1. Definition of Mercantilism
2. Importance of Coin and Bullion
3. The Mechanism of Bullionist Policy
4. The Ethics of the Angevin Trade Legislation
5. The Two Periods of Mercantlism

Part 7. Sixteenth Century Economics
1. Price Revolution and Money Difficulties
2. The 'Dearth' and Debasement of the Coinage
3. John Hales on the Nature of Money
4. Influx of West Indian Treasure
5. Delivering Money by Exchange
6. Gerard Malynes and Thomas Milles against Exchangers
7. Excess of Imports
8. The Prime Cause of the Economic Difficulties
9. The Quantity Theory of Money: John Locke

Part 8. Balance of Trade
1. Mediaeval and Modern Conception of Trading
2. Rise of the term "Balance of Trade"
3. Origin of Some Ideas of the Balance of Trade
4. Thomas Mun and Edward Misselden
5. Influence of the Balance of Trade Doctrine

Part 9. Importance of Manufacture
1. Arts and Crafts as a Source of Treasure
2. Beginning of the Protective System
3. Sir William Petty on Money, Value and International Trade
4. Petty and his Contemporaries on Labour, Population and Wages
5. Conflict between Crown and Merchants

Part 10. Recapitualation
1. Meaning of the Balance of Trade
2. Mercantilism and Foreign Politics

Part 11. Transition to Liberal Economics
1. Introductory Remarks
2. Manufacture, Credit, Banking and Free Trade
3. The Ant-Mercantilists: Child, Barbon, Davenant
4. The Free-Trade Maxims of Dudley North
5. The Economics of the Free-Trade Doctrine
6. Jacob Vanderlint, Matthew Dekker, and Joseph Massie
7. David Hume

Retrospect: British Economies in 1750

This book illustrates how the first social science, that of economics, was built. It examines and discusses the work of Josiah Child, Nicholas Barbon, John Collins, William Petty, John Locke and Dudley North and the economic theories of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

This was the first comprehensive study of the City of London to be published. The study examines the economic structure of the city and considers the main influences likely to affect the development of the City, including the pattern of demand, technological change, population movements, supply of labour and land values. Particular attention is paid to the City's international role. Specific chapters are devoted to Banking & Finance, Insurance, Trade, Commerce and the Port, and the Manufacturing Industry. The book is supported with a wealth of statistical material based on original research and contains 116 tables and 28 diagrams.

This book presents a chronology of state policy in industry since the 1500s to the mid twentieth century, and explains the ideas that have shaped it. Includes chapters on: The state and exploitation; state participation in industry; state information and services; state operation of industry and state control over industry.

The studies in this volume are a result of the Social Reconstruction Survey carried out by Nuffield College, Oxford between 1941 and 1944. The Survey studied the position and prospects of towns or areas in Britain in order to find out what was likely to happen to their industrial development with a view to planning for the post-war location of industry and distribution of population. The result is an invaluable source of empirical material for the study of British industry in the mid twentieth century. Industries covered include: * Natural Textiles, Artificial Textiles, Carpets, Footwear * Extensive use of statistical information for imports and exports, production costs, employment figures etc.

'A masterpiece of succinct analysis.'New Statesman 'Penetrating in analysis and closely packed in thought.'Financial Times Analysing and examining the history of the economic events of the inter-war years, this book gives the reader both a sense of perspective of the larger scene of events on an international scale, whilst introducing facts and theories. National policies of the UK, France, Germany, the USA, Japan and the former Soviet Union are discussed as are developments in international trade.

The Economics of Inflation provides a comprehensive analysis of economic conditions in Germany under the Great Inflation and discusses inflationary conditions in general. The analysis is supported by extensive statistical material.

* For this translation the author thoroughly revised the original work
* Includes an appendix on German economic conditions in the years following the monetary reform, 1923-24

Presenting a coherent interpretation of the development of economic and social policy in Britain since 1945, this text analyses the political assumptions underlying post-war economic policy. It traces these assumptions through the classic texts of Keynes and Beveridge, the architects of limited, non-socialist state intervention to secure the welfare state and full employment. The topics covered include private saving versus company pensions, and the level and composition of employment in Britain.

Husband and wife, Frank Gilbreth (1868-1924) and Lilian Gilbreth (1878-1972), are the figures most closely identified with time and motion studies. Pushing F.W. Taylor's ideas to the limit, they sought ways to determine 'the one best way to do work'. Their lasting influence is evident in the fact that the process charts and other techniques they devised remain essentially unchanged in modern systems analysis. Along with this, they were also interested in the human aspect of work, emphasizing the need for training and worker involvement.
The collection makes available, in one place, some of the most significant writings gathered from a variety of sources. The works are invaluable, not only for reference purposes, but as contributions to the history of management thought as well as the analysis of contemporary theory and the study of strategic management.

Western Enterprise in Far Eastern Economic Development charts the activities of Western firms in China and Japan from the middle of the nineteenth century, when those countries were opened to foreign trade, until recently. The organization of the Western business undertakings, the types of firms concerned and relations between the Westerners and the Japanese and Chinese economies are all discussed. Among the economic activities covered are: merchant banking, finance, manufacturing, mining, shipping and domestic transport. A dominant theme is the contrast presented by China and Japan in their response to Western enterprise.

John Mills provides a critical survey of the way economics has developed. He argues that the main goal of economics ought to be to show how to achieve a combination of economic growth, full employment, low inflation, avoidance of extreme poverty, and sustainability. That it has failed to do so is neither inevitable nor accidental. It has failed because of a combination of intellectual error and the effects of social and political pressure, which Mills claims could and should have been avoided.

This book provides a new interpretation of the economic dimension of the Cold War. It examines Anglo-American trade diplomacy towards the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe from the late 1940s to the early 1960s. The book, which is based on research in American and British archives, presents new evidence to suggest that Anglo-American relations in East-West trade were characterized by friction and conflict as the two countries clashed over divergent commercial and strategic perceptions of the Soviet Union.

This book presents a substantial collection of essays from a wide range of well respected scholars addressing several aspects of Piero Sraffa's economics in light of continuing controversies over the interpretation that should be placed on his work. It moves beyond extant scholarship with an added emphasis on the philosophical dimension of Sraffa's seminal work, Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities. Contributors probe new ways of thinking about the political economy of Sraffa and in doing so, alongside the comments to each contribution by other scholars, provide a cutting edge debate and discussion on non-mainstream economic theory. This book will be of interest to academics and advanced graduate students in economics, with additional interest from scholars in philosophy and the methodology of science.

This is a study of the evolution of the relationship between China and the world economy. Focusing on China's responses to the expansion of the capitalist world economy, the book presents an interpretation of the country's socioeconomic processes since 1850. The author argues that the general thrust of China's quest for development or "modernization" has been to catch up with the western wealthy nations, and explains the changing paths and outcomes.

The Human Geography of East Central Europe examines the geography of the transition economies that were not formerly part of the Soviet Union: Albania, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia and East Germany. There is a thematic treatment beginning with the landscape and historical background, which moves on to the social and economic geography (industry, agriculture and infrastructure) and to issues concerning regional development and environmental protection.


Related link: Human Geography of East Central Europe - extra material
eBook available with sample pages: 0203431588

This book and its companion volume offer a better understanding of the lessons that Indian policymakers can learn from China's economic experience over the last 40 years. The aim of the two books together is to evaluate China's incremental reforms and how these reforms have impacted on the Chinese economy, based on a classical rather than from a neoclassical perspective using a case study method. In this first volume, the author examines India's emergence from socialism and central planning as being in sharp contrast to China's experience, and considers how we might compare the institutional difference between the countries. It also covers a theoretical grounding for the comparison of the two largest populated countries in the world, which will be taken up by the second volume.

This book analyzes the evolution of Italian viticulture and winemaking from the 1860s to the new Millennium. During this period the Italian wine sector experienced a profound modernization, renovating itself and adapting its products to international trends, progressively building the current excellent reputation of Italian wine in the world market. Using unpublished sources and a vast bibliography, authors highlight the main factors favoring this evolution: public institutional support to viticulture; the birth and the growth of Italian wine entrepreneurship; the improvement in quality of the winemaking processes; the increasing relevance of viticulture and winemaking in Italian agricultural production and export; and the emergence of wine as a cultural product.

A Financial Times Best Book of the Year "A must-read, with key lessons for the future."-Thomas Piketty A groundbreaking examination of austerity's dark intellectual origins. For more than a century, governments facing financial crisis have resorted to the economic policies of austerity-cuts to wages, fiscal spending, and public benefits-as a path to solvency. While these policies have been successful in appeasing creditors, they've had devastating effects on social and economic welfare in countries all over the world. Today, as austerity remains a favored policy among troubled states, an important question remains: What if solvency was never really the goal? In The Capital Order, political economist Clara E. Mattei explores the intellectual origins of austerity to uncover its originating motives: the protection of capital-and indeed capitalism-in times of social upheaval from below. Mattei traces modern austerity to its origins in interwar Britain and Italy, revealing how the threat of working-class power in the years after World War I animated a set of top-down economic policies that elevated owners, smothered workers, and imposed a rigid economic hierarchy across their societies. Where these policies "succeeded," relatively speaking, was in their enrichment of certain parties, including employers and foreign-trade interests, who accumulated power and capital at the expense of labor. Here, Mattei argues, is where the true value of austerity can be observed: its insulation of entrenched privilege and its elimination of all alternatives to capitalism. Drawing on newly uncovered archival material from Britain and Italy, much of it translated for the first time, The Capital Order offers a damning and essential new account of the rise of austerity-and of modern economics-at the levers of contemporary political power.

What made it possible for the human species to conquer the world, build a global digital economy, and still want more? What drives technological progress and economic growth in the long run and on a global scale? And how will technological progress, economic growth, and the overall prosperity of human civilization unfold in the future? This book sheds new light on these big questions by incorporating findings from physics, anthropology, psychology, history, philosophy, and computer science in a brand-new theory of economic growth. Looking back across the millennia, it identifies five major technological revolutions which have transformed humankind's capacity to process energy and information-the cognitive, agricultural, scientific, industrial, and digital revolutions-and characterizes the new avenues of economic development which they have opened while also exponentially accelerating growth.

By taking the long view on the evolution of this country's tax policies through the past few decades, Henrekson and Stenkula explain how Sweden developed the highest tax-to-GDP ratio in the world, until the beginning of the 2000s.