Depression and Protectionism considers the case of the oldest advocate of free trade and its greatest exponent, Britain, and examines the developments that led to the reversal of that policy in the 1930s. It also discusses the consequences of the protectionst policy for the domestic economy. * Discusses the most important debate in international economics * Using an explicit economic framework, the book examines the economic origins of the industrial tariff in Britain.

The essays in this book focus on the controversies concerning Britain's economic performance between the mid-nineteenth century and the First World War. The overriding theme is that Britain's own resources were consistently more productive, more resilient and more successful than is normally assumed. And if the economy's achievement was considerable, the influence on it of external factors (trade, international competition, policy) were much less significant than is normally supposed. The book is structured as follows: Part One: The Method of Historical Economics Part Two: Enterprise in Late Victorian Britain Part Three: Britain in the World Economy, 1846-1913.

This study of economic reforms throughout Eastern Europe covers the history of attempts at decentralization. The book: describes the centralized model and compares its requirements with the realities of socialist countries; discusses the economic policies of the post-Stalinist period; and examines the origin of the reforms which began in 1956, culminating in the Soviet economic reform of 1965 and the rehabilitation of profit. The countries it covers include the former USSR, the former East Germany and Hungary.

Contents:
Part 1. The Schoolmen and their problems
1. The Beginning of Scholasticism in the British Isles
2. Commerce and Ethics
3. Growth of Trade and Commerce
4. Conflict between Ethics and Economics

Part 2. Alexander of Hales (Alensis)
1. Community and Private Property
2. Trade and Commerce
3. Aristotle and the Schoolmen
4. Usury

Part 3. Richardus de Media Villa
1. Community and Liberty
2. Lawfulness of Trade and Commerce
3. Difference between Gain and Interest

Part 4. John Duns Scotus
1. Remarks on his Life and Work
2. Origin of Property and State
3. Trade and Commerce
4. Usury

Part 5. The Legacy of the Schoolmen
1. Preparing the Way for Modern Times
2. William of Ockham
3. Influence on Modern Views

Part 6. The Age of Mercantilism: General View
1. Definition of Mercantilism
2. Importance of Coin and Bullion
3. The Mechanism of Bullionist Policy
4. The Ethics of the Angevin Trade Legislation
5. The Two Periods of Mercantlism

Part 7. Sixteenth Century Economics
1. Price Revolution and Money Difficulties
2. The 'Dearth' and Debasement of the Coinage
3. John Hales on the Nature of Money
4. Influx of West Indian Treasure
5. Delivering Money by Exchange
6. Gerard Malynes and Thomas Milles against Exchangers
7. Excess of Imports
8. The Prime Cause of the Economic Difficulties
9. The Quantity Theory of Money: John Locke

Part 8. Balance of Trade
1. Mediaeval and Modern Conception of Trading
2. Rise of the term "Balance of Trade"
3. Origin of Some Ideas of the Balance of Trade
4. Thomas Mun and Edward Misselden
5. Influence of the Balance of Trade Doctrine

Part 9. Importance of Manufacture
1. Arts and Crafts as a Source of Treasure
2. Beginning of the Protective System
3. Sir William Petty on Money, Value and International Trade
4. Petty and his Contemporaries on Labour, Population and Wages
5. Conflict between Crown and Merchants

Part 10. Recapitualation
1. Meaning of the Balance of Trade
2. Mercantilism and Foreign Politics

Part 11. Transition to Liberal Economics
1. Introductory Remarks
2. Manufacture, Credit, Banking and Free Trade
3. The Ant-Mercantilists: Child, Barbon, Davenant
4. The Free-Trade Maxims of Dudley North
5. The Economics of the Free-Trade Doctrine
6. Jacob Vanderlint, Matthew Dekker, and Joseph Massie
7. David Hume

Retrospect: British Economies in 1750

This book illustrates how the first social science, that of economics, was built. It examines and discusses the work of Josiah Child, Nicholas Barbon, John Collins, William Petty, John Locke and Dudley North and the economic theories of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

This was the first comprehensive study of the City of London to be published. The study examines the economic structure of the city and considers the main influences likely to affect the development of the City, including the pattern of demand, technological change, population movements, supply of labour and land values. Particular attention is paid to the City's international role. Specific chapters are devoted to Banking & Finance, Insurance, Trade, Commerce and the Port, and the Manufacturing Industry. The book is supported with a wealth of statistical material based on original research and contains 116 tables and 28 diagrams.

This book presents a chronology of state policy in industry since the 1500s to the mid twentieth century, and explains the ideas that have shaped it. Includes chapters on: The state and exploitation; state participation in industry; state information and services; state operation of industry and state control over industry.

The studies in this volume are a result of the Social Reconstruction Survey carried out by Nuffield College, Oxford between 1941 and 1944. The Survey studied the position and prospects of towns or areas in Britain in order to find out what was likely to happen to their industrial development with a view to planning for the post-war location of industry and distribution of population. The result is an invaluable source of empirical material for the study of British industry in the mid twentieth century. Industries covered include: * Natural Textiles, Artificial Textiles, Carpets, Footwear * Extensive use of statistical information for imports and exports, production costs, employment figures etc.

'A masterpiece of succinct analysis.'New Statesman 'Penetrating in analysis and closely packed in thought.'Financial Times Analysing and examining the history of the economic events of the inter-war years, this book gives the reader both a sense of perspective of the larger scene of events on an international scale, whilst introducing facts and theories. National policies of the UK, France, Germany, the USA, Japan and the former Soviet Union are discussed as are developments in international trade.

The Economics of Inflation provides a comprehensive analysis of economic conditions in Germany under the Great Inflation and discusses inflationary conditions in general. The analysis is supported by extensive statistical material.

* For this translation the author thoroughly revised the original work
* Includes an appendix on German economic conditions in the years following the monetary reform, 1923-24

Presenting a coherent interpretation of the development of economic and social policy in Britain since 1945, this text analyses the political assumptions underlying post-war economic policy. It traces these assumptions through the classic texts of Keynes and Beveridge, the architects of limited, non-socialist state intervention to secure the welfare state and full employment. The topics covered include private saving versus company pensions, and the level and composition of employment in Britain.

Husband and wife, Frank Gilbreth (1868-1924) and Lilian Gilbreth (1878-1972), are the figures most closely identified with time and motion studies. Pushing F.W. Taylor's ideas to the limit, they sought ways to determine 'the one best way to do work'. Their lasting influence is evident in the fact that the process charts and other techniques they devised remain essentially unchanged in modern systems analysis. Along with this, they were also interested in the human aspect of work, emphasizing the need for training and worker involvement.
The collection makes available, in one place, some of the most significant writings gathered from a variety of sources. The works are invaluable, not only for reference purposes, but as contributions to the history of management thought as well as the analysis of contemporary theory and the study of strategic management.

John Mills provides a critical survey of the way economics has developed. He argues that the main goal of economics ought to be to show how to achieve a combination of economic growth, full employment, low inflation, avoidance of extreme poverty, and sustainability. That it has failed to do so is neither inevitable nor accidental. It has failed because of a combination of intellectual error and the effects of social and political pressure, which Mills claims could and should have been avoided.

Adam Smith (1723-1790) is widely regarded as one of the great thinkers of the Enlightenment period. Best-known for his founding work of economics, The Wealth of Nations, Smith engaged equally with the nature of morality in his Theory of Moral Sentiments. He also gave lectures on literature and jurisprudence, and wrote papers on art and science. In this outstanding philosophical introduction Samuel Fleischacker argues that Smith is a superb example of the broadly curious thinkers who flourished in the Enlightenment-for whom morality, politics, law, and economics were just a few of the many fascinating subjects that could be illuminated by naturalistic modes of investigation. After a helpful overview of his life and work, Fleischacker examines the full range of Smith's thought, on such subjects as: epistemology, philosophy of science, and aesthetics the nature of sympathy moral approval and moral judgement virtue religion justice and jurisprudence governmental policy economic principles liberalism. Including chapter summaries, suggestions for further reading, and a glossary, Adam Smith is essential reading for those studying ethics, political philosophy, the history of philosophy, and the Enlightenment, as well as those reading Smith in related disciplines such as economics, law, and religion.

This book challenges conventional wisdom by revealing an extensive and heterogeneous community of foreign businesses in Australia before 1914. Multinational enterprise arrived predominantly from Britain, but other sender nations included the USA, France, Germany, New Zealand, and Japan. Their firms spread out across Australia from mining and pastoral communities, to portside industries and CBD precincts, and they operated broadly across mining, trading, shipping, insurance, finance, and manufacturing. They were a remarkably diverse population of firms by size, organisational form, and longevity. This is a rare study of the impact of multinationals on a host nation, particularly before World War One, and that focuses on a successful resource-based economy. Deploying a database of more than 600 firms, supported by contemporary archives and publications, the work reveals how multinational influence was contested by domestic enterprise, other foreign firms, and the strategic investments of governments in network industries. Nonetheless, foreign agency - particularly investment, knowledge and entrepreneurship - mattered in the economic development of Australia in the nineteenth as well as the twentieth centuries. This book will be of interest to students and researchers in Australian and international economic and business history, the history of economic growth and scholars of international business.

This book provides a new interpretation of the economic dimension of the Cold War. It examines Anglo-American trade diplomacy towards the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe from the late 1940s to the early 1960s. The book, which is based on research in American and British archives, presents new evidence to suggest that Anglo-American relations in East-West trade were characterized by friction and conflict as the two countries clashed over divergent commercial and strategic perceptions of the Soviet Union.

This is a study of the evolution of the relationship between China and the world economy. Focusing on China's responses to the expansion of the capitalist world economy, the book presents an interpretation of the country's socioeconomic processes since 1850. The author argues that the general thrust of China's quest for development or "modernization" has been to catch up with the western wealthy nations, and explains the changing paths and outcomes.

By taking the long view on the evolution of this country's tax policies through the past few decades, Henrekson and Stenkula explain how Sweden developed the highest tax-to-GDP ratio in the world, until the beginning of the 2000s.

The Human Geography of East Central Europe examines the geography of the transition economies that were not formerly part of the Soviet Union: Albania, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia and East Germany. There is a thematic treatment beginning with the landscape and historical background, which moves on to the social and economic geography (industry, agriculture and infrastructure) and to issues concerning regional development and environmental protection.


Related link: Human Geography of East Central Europe - extra material
eBook available with sample pages: 0203431588

This collection of essays presents insight and methodology that are highly relevant for readers today as they consider the future of the world they live in. Experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, people have realized how fragile the current economy is and the necessity for reconstructing the socio-economic system. That system, which was considered the default for so long, was succeeded by the analytical framework of economics and regional science. The contents of this book are diversified, as are the achievements of Prof. Yasuhiro Sakai, to whom this volume is dedicated, and cover a wide area from mathematical and experimental economics to conventional and emerging fields of regional science. Some are timeless topics that have had new life breathed into them. Part I deals with, among other areas, risk management with uncertain events; the effectiveness and impacts of regulation and friction related to trading; the stability of strategic behavior and market equilibrium; and sustainable regional development and urban planning from the long-term perspective. Part II also presents a diversity of subjects, including input-output analysis and computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling for internal as well as external structure and network linkage, such as a value chain; openness and creativity as related to competition among cities and regions; dispersion versus concentration; and inequality versus equality.

This book explores the historical and economic development of South Korea, its culture, as well as the benefits, opportunities and challenges that German companies have faced in their cooperation with South Korean enterprises. More specifically, it juxtaposes economic-miracle markets such as Japan and West Germany, which rose from the ashes after the Second World War with the help of a century of bustling industrial age, with South Korea, which developed from virtually nothing. The book also addresses why South Korea's history, geography, society, culture and economic capabilities remain widely unknown and unnoticed among westerners, despite South Korean companies being among the global market leaders in a number of industries, particularly in the automobile and hardware segments. Written from the point of view of a seasoned business expert on the country, Economic Miracle Market South Korea is essential reading for business and economics research academics looking to improve their knowledge of this relatively unknown "success story", as well as for practitioners in industry looking to optimize their dealings with South Korean business partners.

This book explores imperial power and the transnational encounters of shipowners and merchants in the South China Sea from 1840 to 1930. With British Hong Kong and French Indochina on its northern and western shores, the 'Asian Mediterranean' was for almost a century a crucible of power and an axis of economic struggle for coastal shipping companies from various nations. Merchant steamers shipped cargoes and passengers between ports of the region. Hong Kong, the global port city, and the colonial ports of Saigon and Haiphong developed into major hubs for the flow of goods and people, while Guangzhouwan survived as an almost forgotten outpost of Indochina. While previous research in this field has largely remained within the confines of colonial history, this book uses the examples of French and German companies operating in the South China Sea to demonstrate the extent to which transnational actors and business networks interacted with imperial power and the process of globalisation.

The emergence of macroeconomics was probably the single most important development in economics in the twentieth century. This set provides the definitive collection of materials on the origins of the discipline. Topics covered include: * the origins and background to the Keynesian revolution * American monetary thought * the development of open economy macroeconomics * the emergence of key concepts, including the multiplier and the accelerator. This collection includes over 130 pieces by some of the most important economists of the last century, including Keynes, Wicksell, Schumpeter, Kuznets, Ohlin, Fisher, Knight, Friedman, Samuelson, Hicks, Tinbergen and Koopmans. The set also draws on a broad, international range of sources, and encompasses works by lesser known thinkers who made significant contributions to the field.

This volume forms part of a ten volume set on the origins of macroeconomics. The emergence of macroeconomics was probably the single most important development in economics in the twentieth century. The set draws on a broad, international range of sources, and encompasses works by lesser known thinkers who made significant contributions to the field, providing the definitive collection of materials on the origins of the discipline.