Copulas provide us with a tool for constructing multivariate distributions with arbitrary marginal distributions and a wide range of dependence structures. The aim of this book is to describe what the practitioner, or scientist, needs to know about copulas. Although the emphasis is on financial applications, the general theory is relevant for any multivariate setting. The outline of the book is as follows. Chapter 2 is a discussion of multivariate distribution functions that are useful for financial data. In chapter 3 we proceed with a discussion of commonly used dependence measures, and we highlight deficiencies of the correlation coefficient. We start chapter 4 by describing the properties a general function must satisfy in order to be a copula, and goes on by describing the properties of the most common copulas. In chapter 5 we discuss the problem of estimating the parameters in a copula, and in chapter 6 we review the recent goodness-of-fit procedures suggested in the literature. Chapter 7 is a short review of some of the main applications of copulas in relation to credit risk models.

The State of Working America, prepared biennially since 1988 by the Economic Policy Institute, includes a wide variety of data on family incomes, wages, taxes, unemployment, wealth, and poverty-data that enable the authors to closely examine the effect of the economy on the living standards of the American people. This edition, like the previous ones, exposes and analyzes the most recent and critical trends in the country.

Praise for previous editions of The State of Working America

"The State of Working America remains unrivaled as the most-trusted source for a comprehensive understanding of how working Americans and their families are faring in today's economy." Robert B. Reich

"It is the inequality of wealth, argue the authors, rather than new technology (as some would have it), that is responsible for the failure of America's workplace to keep pace with the country's economic growth. The State of Working America is a well-written, soundly argued, and important reference book." Library Journal

"If you want to know what happened to the economic well-being of the average American in the past decade or so, this is the book for you. It should be required reading for Americans of all political persuasions." Richard Freeman, Harvard University

"A truly comprehensive and useful book that provides a reality check on loose statements about U.S. labor markets. It should be cheered by all Americans who earn their living from work." William Wolman, former chief economist, CNBC's Business Week

"The State of Working America provides very valuable factual and analytic material on the economic conditions of American workers. It is the very best source of information on this important subject." Ray Marshall, University of Texas, former U.S. Secretary of Labor

"An indispensable work . . . on family income, wages, taxes, employment, and the distribution of wealth." Simon Head, New York Review of Books

"No matter what political camp you're in, this is the single most valuable book I know of about the state of America, period. It is the most referenced, most influential resource book of its kind." Jeff Madrick, author of The End of Affluence

"This book is the single best yardstick for measuring whether or not our economic policies are doing enough to ensure that our economy can, once again, grow for everybody." Richard A. Gephardt

"The best place to review the latest developments in changes in the distribution of income and wealth." Lester Thurow

"

Diploma Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Didactics, Economic Pedagogy, grade: 1,0, Berlin School of Economics, 96 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The purpose of the present thesis is to examine if and to which extent cultures converge in an international business environment and if intercultural competence has a bearing on it. Therefore, theoretical and practical insights in the subject of culture, its implicit and explicit differences, as well as its measurements will be provided. Due to the fact that communication - as a major cultural attribute - is the most obvious level on which cultural differences are recognized, insights in the topic of cross-cultural and intercultural communication will be given. A thorough discussion of the concept of culture and communication is beyond the scope of this paper, but in what follows, an adequate overview of recognized and well-known researchers' theories and findings will be provided. Besides giving theoretical background knowledge, it will be examined whether the internationally defined soft skills of intercultural competence can be seen as an approach towards a universal interculture, likewise a universal communication. The topic of the present thesis will be illustrated by a case study, as well as researched and evaluated by a field study conducted at one of the most culturally diverse organization - the United Nations. Findings should only expose tendencies to confirm or disprove previous research findings in the field of cross-cultural comparative research and intercultural communication. It is not intended to present new empirical findings.

The State of Working America, prepared biennially since 1988 by the Economic Policy Institute, includes a wide variety of data on family incomes, wages, taxes, unemployment, wealth, and poverty-data that enable the authors to closely examine the effect of the economy on the living standards of the American people. This edition, like the previous ones, exposes and analyzes the most recent and critical trends in the country.

Praise for previous editions of The State of Working America

"The State of Working America remains unrivaled as the most-trusted source for a comprehensive understanding of how working Americans and their families are faring in today's economy." Robert B. Reich

"It is the inequality of wealth, argue the authors, rather than new technology (as some would have it), that is responsible for the failure of America's workplace to keep pace with the country's economic growth. The State of Working America is a well-written, soundly argued, and important reference book." Library Journal

"If you want to know what happened to the economic well-being of the average American in the past decade or so, this is the book for you. It should be required reading for Americans of all political persuasions." Richard Freeman, Harvard University

"A truly comprehensive and useful book that provides a reality check on loose statements about U.S. labor markets. It should be cheered by all Americans who earn their living from work." William Wolman, former chief economist, CNBC's Business Week

"The State of Working America provides very valuable factual and analytic material on the economic conditions of American workers. It is the very best source of information on this important subject." Ray Marshall, University of Texas, former U.S. Secretary of Labor

"An indispensable work . . . on family income, wages, taxes, employment, and the distribution of wealth." Simon Head, New York Review of Books

"No matter what political camp you're in, this is the single most valuable book I know of about the state of America, period. It is the most referenced, most influential resource book of its kind." Jeff Madrick, author of The End of Affluence

"This book is the single best yardstick for measuring whether or not our economic policies are doing enough to ensure that our economy can, once again, grow for everybody." Richard A. Gephardt

"The best place to review the latest developments in changes in the distribution of income and wealth." Lester Thurow

"

The major focus of this book is on the educational challenges and triumphs in Washington, DC. We examine education in Washington, DC because it is vital to know the conditions under which the residents of the most powerful city in the world are being trained in the academic arena, based on sound empirical evidence.

The popularity of the first edition of this book necessitated a second revised and updated version to record the many challenges in Africa since the first edition appeared in 1998. Africa is a vast and fascinating continent whose population is fast approaching the one billion mark. Africa also has more politically independent states than any other continent. Africa A–Z attempts to provide, in a concise manner, the facts for an elementary understanding of the continent and its complex problems. The book falls into main sections; the five chapters on the first main section focus on the continent as a whole, dealing with its physical and human diversity, its eventful history and Africans’ struggle for economic survival. The second main section contains profiles of 57 independent and non-independent countries, ranging from Algeria to Zimbabwe. Presentation of the profiles is uniform, in that the same themes are covered in each profile. The data panels with the profiles contain data not provided in the text. The maps, appearing throughout the text were produced by AISA’s cartography department.

The business world creates a variety of problematic challenges. "Exploring: Using 2 x 2 Matrices to Analyze Situations" demonstrates ways to target salient issues quickly, which in turn will seize the attention of senior executives. Ruth Williams, program director for a large multi-national corporation, explores techniques to show how to resolve difficult circumstances and provides an alternative to traditional reports generally used for explaining complex situations.

"Exploring" gives the average businessperson tools they need to learn how to assess situations "before" problems arise, bringing together a number of 2 x 2 matrix explorations, which all represent real situations. Implementing a 2 x 2 square, divided into four equal quadrants, Williams has formulated a system that is able to analyze a complex problem by breaking it into smaller units. These particulars will teach you how to observe and analyze in order to be prepared for actual times of crisis. You'll also learn how to assimilate information quickly to help you identify the key drivers of the situation.

With her extensive experience in assessing difficult situations by establishing the cause of the problems and identifying possible solutions, Williams offers a valuable resource for any business with "Exploring."

Microeconometrics Using Stata, Second Edition is an invaluable reference for researchers and students interested in applied microeconometric methods. Like previous editions, this text covers all the classic microeconometric techniques ranging from linear models to instrumental-variables regression to panel-data estimation to nonlinear models such as probit, tobit, Poisson, and choice models. Each of these discussions has been updated to show the most modern implementation in Stata, and many include additional explanation of the underlying methods. In addition, the authors introduce readers to performing simulations in Stata and then use simulations to illustrate methods in other parts of the book. They even teach you how to code your own estimators in Stata. The second edition is greatly expanded—the new material is so extensive that the text now comprises two volumes. In addition to the classics, the book now teaches recently developed econometric methods and the methods newly added to Stata. Specifically, the book includes entirely new chapters on duration models randomized control trials and exogenous treatment effects endogenous treatment effects models for endogeneity and heterogeneity, including finite mixture models, structural equation models, and nonlinear mixed-effects models spatial autoregressive models semiparametric regression lasso for prediction and inference Bayesian analysis Anyone interested in learning classic and modern econometric methods will find this the perfect companion. And those who apply these methods to their own data will return to this reference over and over as they need to implement the various techniques described in this book.

As a sequel to the South India: Human Development Report and the West and Central India Human Development Report this report contains a compilation of economic and social data based on a primary survey of four states in Northern India: Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and erstwhile Uttar Pradesh.

A blueprint for understanding and interpreting essential economic information

From the publishers of The Economist, the renowned international business weekly, this practical resource offers a detailed road map of all the major—and many of the less well-known—economic indicators in existence today. Explaining exactly what they are, why they are significant, how reliable they are, and—perhaps, most importantly—how to interpret them, it covers over 100 indicators, including:

• GDP
• Population, employment, unemployment
• Public expenditure
• Personal and disposable income
• Fixed investments
• Imports and exports
• Nominal exchange rates
• Money supply and money stock
• Wages, earnings, and labor costs.

Clearly organized, accurate, and accessible, The Economist Guide to Economic Indicators is an indispensible reference for understanding key economic data from around the world.

Success in today's global business environment requires a thorough knowledge of important economic figures and a firm grasp of their meaning. Now, The Economist Guide to Economic Indicators provides you with a detailed road map of all the major—and many of the less well-known—indicators that exist worldwide.

Economic indicators provide invaluable insights into how different economies and different markets are performing, enabling practitioners to adjust their investment strategies in order to achieve the best return. However, in order to make the right decisions, you must know how to interpret the relevant indicators. The Economist Guide to Economic Indicators enables you to read—and use—indicators accurately and effectively.

Covering approximately 100 indicators—including GDP, population, exchange rates, disposable income, public expenditure, and bond yields—this practical resource explains exactly what they are, why they are significant, where and when they're published, and how reliable they are. Perhaps most importantly, the Guide shows you how to interpret these indicators correctly, providing straightforward guidelines through which you can distill such vital information as start and end points for changes, inflational influences, time frames, and yardsticks for judging future trends.

Organized to highlight linkages and aid interpretation, and incorporating data for the fifteen largest industrial countries, this concise, accessible guide is essential for anyone eager to be brought up to speed on these key economic measurements.

Die mit dem vorliegenden Band 1 eroeffnete Reihe Anwendung programmierbarer Taschenrechner bietet dem Leser eine breite Palette von AufgabensteIlungen aus Gebieten der Natur- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften, fur die Programme zur numerischen Loesung erarbeitet wurden. Dieser Band fuhrt den Leser in das Programmieren von Taschenrechnern ein, die nach dem Prinzip der Umgekehrten Polnischen Notation (UPN -Technik) arbeiten, und bringt Beispiele aus den Bereichen der angewandten Mathematik, der Finanzmathematik, der Statistik und der Informatik. Dabei wird besonders Gewicht auf eine rationelle und leicht uberschaubare Programmierung als Hilfs- mittel zur Problemloesung gelegt. Eine in dieser Weise als Handwerkszeug verstandene Programmie- rung wird nicht zum Selbstzweck ausarten, sondern den Leser befahigen, auf Grund der muhelosen Reproduzierbarkeit der Loesung alle wunschenswerten Variantenrechnungen einer fundierten Ergebnisaussage nutzbar zu machen. Das Buch wendet sich insbesondere an Ingenieure in der Industrie und den verschiedenen Verwal- tungsbereichen, die sowohl mit mathematisch-technischen wie auch mit mathematisch-betriebs- wirtschaftlichen AufgabensteIlungen konfrontiert werden. Studenten an Universitaten und Fach- hochschulen erhalten eine grundliche Einfuhrung in die unterschiedlichen Funktionsmerkmale der Rechensysteme und erlernen das methodische Vorgehen und die praktische Rechnungsdurch- fuhrung mit dem programmierbaren Taschenrechner. Dem Leser wird ein Nachschlagfundus mit Beispielen fur programmierte Aufgabenloesungen aus einem breiten Anwendungsspektrum in die Hand gegeben. Die hierbei gegebenen Programmier- hinweise haben den Zweck, die Ausarbeitung spezieller, auf die eigene Problemstellung zuge- schnittene Programme zu erleichtern. Zu den AufgabensteIlungen werden die mathematischen Grundlagen nur soweit dargestellt, wie es zur Programmierung des Loes, ungsalgorithmus erforderlich ist. Zum tieferen Eindringen in die jeweilige Thematik wird auf die vorhandene Fachliteratur verwiesen.

Probability and Statistics have been widely used in various fields of science, including economics. Like advanced calculus and linear algebra, probability and statistics are indispensable mathematical tools in economics. Statistical inference in economics, namely econometric analysis, plays a crucial methodological role in modern economics, particularly in empirical studies in economics.This textbook covers probability theory and statistical theory in a coherent framework that will be useful in graduate studies in economics, statistics and related fields. As a most important feature, this textbook emphasizes intuition, explanations and applications of probability and statistics from an economic perspective.

The most comprehensive and most up-to-date one-volume reference work available on U.S. states. Salem Press's popular The Fifty States is designed to serve the needs of students, researchers, and the general public seeking historical and current statistical information on individual American states.

Dieses Buch stellt eine einfache und verstandliche Einfuhrung in die OEkonometrie dar. Dabei werden grundlegende Theorien und Methoden erklart und mit Hilfe der freien Statistiksoftware Gretl direkt umgesetzt. Gretl ermoeglicht eine menugesteuerte Bedienung, sodass die Leser behutsam in die Welt der OEkonometrie eingefuhrt werden. Zahlreiche Gretl-Skripte unterstutzen die Leser beim Verstandnis und bei der Anwendung oekonometrischer Grundlagen und erleichtern damit den Lernprozess. Es eignet sich fur Studenten sowie Praktiker, die ihre Kenntnisse im Bereich der OEkonometrie aufbessern moechten.

Der Autor hinterfragt die regelmassig auftretenden Falle fehlerhafter Rechnungslegung, welche die Deutsche Prufstelle fur Rechnungslegung (DPR) mit der BaFin aufdeckt. Er erarbeitet dazu ein breites Spektrum an Einflussfaktoren auf fehlerhafte Rechnungslegung und diskutiert bedeutsame Einzelfalle zur Rolle der Entlohnung und des Aktienhandels des Managements. Der Schwerpunkt seines Buches liegt auf einer Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs mit der Unternehmensfinanzierung. Die empirische Auswertung zeigt erstmalig, wie Unternehmen nach der Veroeffentlichung fehlerhafter Rechnungslegung ihre Unternehmensfinanzierung andern. Daruber hinaus liefert der Autor eine Analyse der Fehlermeldungen, die u. a. haufig verletzte Rechnungslegungsregeln aufzeigt.

Dieses Buch verzahnt die wesentlichen Grundlagen aus Mathematik, Wirtschaft und Statistik, die zum Verstandnis von Finanzmarkten noetig sind. Es ist fur (angehende) Praktiker und Theoretiker gleichermassen geeignet. Die Vielschichtigkeit, Schnelllebigkeit und Komplexitat des Themengebiets schliesst eine umfassende und zugleich ubersichtliche Gesamtdarstellung geradezu aus - die in diesem Buch dargestellten Inhalte bilden jedoch eine solide Basis, mit der sich der Leser weiterfuhrende Literatur zugig selbst erschliessen kann: Mit welchen Risiken sind die Akteure auf dem Finanzmarkt konfrontiert - und wie quantifizieren sie diese? Wodurch sind Finanzprodukte (etwa Kredite, Termingeschafte, Aktienoptionen) mathematisch charakterisiert? Welche Gedankengange stehen hinter der Lenkung von Grossbanken? Welche Rolle spielen Ratings? Wie koennen Risikomodelle statistisch kalibriert werden? Wie koennen Daten vergangener Zahlungsstroeme genutzt werden, um Parameter fur Zukunftsmodelle zu schatzen? Die jeweils verwendete Darstellungsform entspricht der Vielschichtigkeit des Anspruchs: Zahlenbeispiele stehen neben bewiesenen Satzen, Abbildungen und Tabellen unterstutzen die Erklarungen. Die typischerweise englischen Fachbegriffe werden erganzend aufgefuhrt, so dass der Leser sich in der gangigen Notation gut zurechtfinden kann.

Das Buch bietet eine sehr praxisorientierte und vertiefte Darstellung eines Unternehmens. Nach einem kurzen UEberblick uber die Grundlagen des Finanzmanagements lernt der Leser die Einzelheiten der Beteiligungs-, Fremd- und Innenfinanzierung kennen. Ausserdem werden Finanzderivate wie zum Beispiel Optionen und Forward Rate Agreements dargestellt. Ein Kapitel uber alternative Finanzierungsinstrumente, beispielsweise Factoring oder Leasing, runden das Lehrbuch ab. In jedem Kapitel fuhrt ein Fallbeispiel in das Wissensgebiet ein. Die einzelnen Themen werden anschaulich durch viele Praxisbeispiele illustriert. Lernkontrollaufgaben dienen der Absicherung, dass der Leser den gelernten Stoff gut verstanden hat. Es handelt sich um ein sehr modernes Lehrbuch mit der konsequenten Verbindung von Theorie, Praxisbeispielen und vertiefenden UEbungsaufgaben. Studierende finden zusatzliche UEbungsaufgaben und Loesungen auf der Internetseite des Verlags. Fur Lehrende werden weitere Materialien - bespielsweise PowerPoint-Folien und Klausuren - auf der Springer-Seite DozentenPLUS bereitgestellt. Das Buch wendet sich an Master-Studierende mit wirtschaftswissenschaftlichem Schwerpunkt, MBA-Studierende sowie an Praktiker in Finanzabteilungen von Unternehmen.

NOW WITH NEW PROLOGUE ABOUT DEMYSTIFYING CORONAVIRUS NUMBERS, DONALD TRUMP AND WHY STATISTICS MATTER MORE THAN EVER 'The Number Bias combines vivid storytelling with authoritative analysis to deliver a warning about the way numbers can lead us astray - if we let them.' TIM HARFORD Even if you don't consider yourself a numbers person, you are a numbers person. The time has come to put numbers in their place. Not high up on a pedestal, or out on the curb, but right where they belong: beside words. It is not an overstatement to say that numbers dictate the way we live our lives. They tell us how we're doing at school, how much we weigh, who might win an election and whether the economy is booming. But numbers aren't as objective as they may seem; behind every number is a story. Yet politicians, businesses and the media often forget this - or use it for their own gain. Sanne Blauw travels the world to unpick our relationship with numbers and demystify our misguided allegiance, from Florence Nightingale using statistics to petition for better conditions during the Crimean War to the manipulation of numbers by the American tobacco industry and the ambiguous figures peddled during the EU referendum. Taking us from the everyday numbers that govern our health and wellbeing to the statistics used to wield enormous power and influence, The Number Bias counsels us to think more wisely. 'A beautifully accessible exploration of how numbers shape our lives, and the importance of accurately interpreting the statistics we are fed.' ANGELA SAINI, author of Superior