C.R.M.E. is a workbook for anyone needing (or wanting) to do a research project that can stand the test of claiming scientific significance. The workbook leads the reader in a logical progression from the measurement of variables in the research design to the formulation of testable hypotheses.

I taught such a research class at the college level for twenty years and learned how few people know the meaning of significance. Even students who came into the class having taken statistics as a pre-requisite were "fuzzy" about the concepts of standard deviations, significance, and standard scores. I realized there were two reasons for this: learning out of context; that is, without seeing an application, and secondly, being overloaded with too much statistics, which led to mere confusion. Thus my approach was to include the most common types of statistical tests covering a wide spectrum of measurements and having them applied in a real research project. Once this much is learned, it is easier to branch out to more sophisticated measurements and testing.

This workbook was also used with adult students in the university's weekend program. These were students from various large corporations in the city who were finishing their undergraduate degrees. It was they who gave me the idea to share the workbook, as many of them were given research projects to do at their place of employment and gave me very positive feedback. I genuinely hope that you find it helpful as well.

Best wishes, Prof. M.

Seminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Economic Geography, grade: 1,0, University of Frankfurt (Main) (Institut fur Humangeographie), course: Mobilitat 2.0 - Soziale Veranderungen und Zukunft der Mobilitat, language: English, abstract: In an era of information and communication technologies, imaginative and virtual travel have not substituted physical travel but resulted in a network society of multiple mobilities. People are increasingly mobile for maintaining their professional and private social relationships in intermittent face-to-face meetings. So far, we do not know much about the interrelation between travel mobility and social network services (SNSs). With the example of Facebook as the dominating, undisputed SNS of 845 million monthly active users, I will argue how 'place'-focused features are put under the spotlight of Facebook users' activities and perceived character. As a platform combining various services, tools, and applications also of third parties, Facebook can influence its users' mobility habits and expectations of physical traveling. This brings with it important implications for research and practice, since foremostly young generations are concerned and will thus influence future developments.

In 2013, the World Bank Group adopted two new goals to guide its work: ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. More specifically, the goals are to reduce extreme poverty in the world to less than 3 percent by 2030, and to foster income growth of the bottom 40 percent of the population in each country. While poverty reduction has been a mainstay of the World Bank s mission for decades, the Bank has now set a specific goal and timetable, and for the first time, the Bank has explicitly included a goal linked to ensuring that growth is shared by all. The discussion until now has centered primarily on articulating the new goals. This report, the latest in World Bank s Policy Research Report series, goes beyond that and lays out their conceptual underpinnings, discusses their relative strengths and weaknesses by contrasting them with alternative indicators, and proposes empirical approaches and requirements to track progress towards the goals. The report makes clear that the challenges posed by the World Bank Group s new stance extend not just to the pursuit of these goals but, indeed, to their very definition and empirical content. The report also argues that an improved data infrastructure, consisting of many elements including the collection of more and better survey data, is critical to ensure that progress towards these goals can be measured, and policies to help achieve them can be identified and prioritized."

Diploma Thesis from the year 2004 in the subject Economics - Statistics and Methods, grade: 1, Bielefeld University, language: English, abstract: Ziel der Arbeit ist es den seit langem wissenschaftlich diskutierten Zusammenhang zwischen Inflation und Arbeitslosigkeit, die Phillips-Kurve, mit Hilfe neuer statistischer Methoden zu untersuchen und seine verschiedenen Auspragungen bei den G7-Staaten miteinander zu vergleichen. Dabei werden zwei weitere Einflusse, Produktivitat und Inflationsklima, miteinbezogen. Der erste Teil fuhrt in die Diskussion der Phillips-Kurve ein. Im Folgenden werden die zur Analyse notwendigen Nichtparametrischen Verfahren vorgestellt und eingehend beschrieben. Die Analyse und der Vergleich der G7-Phillips-Kurven wird im vierten Kapitel durchgefuhrt. Im Anschluss daran folgt eine Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse und ein Ausblick.

In 1958 the Canadian Political Science Association established a committee to look into ways and means of improving statistical research in the social sciences in Canada. One of the ways in which the committee thought this could be done was by establishing an annual forum where papers could be presented and discussed. Eight papers given at the first Conference at Queen's University are contained in this volume. Diverse alike in subject and statistical method---as indeed a collection of papers reflecting the purpose of the founding committee is bound to be---the papers as printed incorporate the discussion that attended their presentation in 1960. The papers are: K.A.H. Buckley, "Historical Estimates of Internal Migration in Canada,"; Richard E. Du Wurs, Robert Batson, Margaret Daffron, "The 'Mass Society' and 'Community' Analyses of the Social Present"; P.J. Giffen, "Canadian Criminal Statistics"; E.J. Hanson, "The Post-war Rise of the Crude Petroleum Industry"; Gideon Rosenbluth, "Salaries of Engineers and Scientists, 1951"; David N. Solomon, Agnes M. Fergusson, "The Distribution and Functions of Canadian Engineers and Scientists"; K.W. Studnicki-Gizbert, "The Structure and Growth of the Canadian Air Transport Industry"; T.R. Vout, "The Canadian Manufacturing Industry, 1900-57."

Clarity and cutting-edge examples have made Statistics for Business and Economics the definitive textbook for students across the UK, Europe, Middle East and Africa. This new edition builds on the text's well-respected foundations to deliver a clear, up-to-date and comprehensive revision. All the key concepts, combined with the latest technologies and applications, are introduced with hallmark precision, making this your complete introduction to business statistics.

Interest in the skew-normal and related families of distributions has grown enormously over recent years, as theory has advanced, challenges of data have grown, and computational tools have made substantial progress. This comprehensive treatment, blending theory and practice, will be the standard resource for statisticians and applied researchers. Assuming only basic knowledge of (non-measure-theoretic) probability and statistical inference, the book is accessible to the wide range of researchers who use statistical modelling techniques. Guiding readers through the main concepts and results, it covers both the probability and the statistics sides of the subject, in the univariate and multivariate settings. The theoretical development is complemented by numerous illustrations and applications to a range of fields including quantitative finance, medical statistics, environmental risk studies, and industrial and business efficiency. The author's freely available R package sn, available from CRAN, equips readers to put the methods into action with their own data.

Distribution analysis has advanced remarkably in recent years, and this is a valuable application of its principles to a Canadian context. The book provides an extensive survey of recent literature and a new source of income and wealth distribution data for Ontario, drawn from newly available microdata sets. It also presents an evaluation of the data as a basis for measuring inequality in the distribution of economic and well-being. The empirical results illustrate how incomes vary significantly with age according to labour market attachment and experience, educational attainment and occupation, transfer receipts, and investment benefits. Similarly, strong age effects on net worth account reflect life-cycle patterns in asset holdings and debts typically associated with family investment in housing and financial adjustments for retirement. Differences in family size and composition have a substantial effect on the structure of family economic well-being. The inequality effects of adjusting for accrued capital gains and net worth holdings can also be quite significant. It is found that the distributional effects of CPP net benefits are considerable, although they are not as equalizing as one may have expected because of marked cohort effects. The detailed findings suggest that the life-cycle framework is a very useful one for evaluating the distributional effects of certain government programs, particularly intertemporal ones, and they underline the need for a range of different types of policies to address low income problems. The study urges greater recognition of the inequality of treatment and opportunity among different groups of the population. It also points out that conventional income distribution figures are only very imperfect estimates of the state of inequality in the underlying distribution of economic well-being.

Diploma Thesis from the year 2000 in the subject Business economics - Didactics, Economic Pedagogy, grade: 1, -, language: English, abstract: Writers on management and organisational excellence today provide a set of prescriptions which they argue will lead to healthy, well functioning firms. Within the management sciences there has been a growing tendency to view organisations as complex systems, that is, to describe them as organisms. Increasingly the hard sciences are being used to describe and analyse organisations. In the field of creative problem solving several systems authors have advocated the use of metaphors to describe certain aspects of organisations. In reviewing much of today's management literature we are exhorted to use benchmarks, for a variety of management tasks. In reviewing organisational excellence we are duty bound to find a measure that will be relevant tomorrow as well as today. Conjoining these current themes in management, this thesis seeks to review what we know about the effective collective functioning of selected species and to compare these natural systems with organisational systems. We posit the question: Can an understanding of the functioning of natural systems help us to understand how organisations function. If so, what can we learn about the effective functioning of organisations. Firstly we will review common management theories, with a focus on organisational learning and knowledge management. Secondly we will look at three natural organisations: Honey bees, leaf-cutter ants and the African locust. We want to find out how these organisations function, and specifically search for knowledge management and organisational learning within these biological systems. Then we will try to link management theories with our findings in natural organisations. This approach will finally deliver some interesting hypothesis about knowledge management and organisational learning - both valid for human and natural organisations.

The 2014 edition of this perennial favourite has been completely updated, revised and expanded with many new features. Full of facts and figures about the world today - on subjects as diverse as geography, population and demographics, business, finance and the economy, transport, tourism and the environment, society, culture and crime - it is a mine of fascinating data that will both inform and entertain. Where else would you discover that: - The G7 economies account for nearly 50% of the world's GDP but only 11% of its population - National income per head in Luxembourg is over $105,000; in Somalia it is $110 - Four of the world's five most livable cities are in Australa; three of the top ten are in Canada - Between them overseas Indians and Chinese send close to $110 billion home a year - More than 48% of American women are obese - Honduras and El Salvador have the highest mortality rates - America is the biggest arms exporter, India the biggest arms importer - Switzerland and Latvia come highest in the Environmental Performance Index - Estonians buy more alcoholic drinks than anyone else With rankings on more than 200 topics, data on more than 190 countries, detailed profiles of more than 65 of the world's major economies and special profiles on the Euro zone and the world. The Pocket World in Figures is always eagerly awaited by its many thousands of fans. No-one who wants to be well-informed can afford to be without this new edition.

From reviews of previous editions

"The State of Working America remains unrivaled as the most-trusted source for a comprehensive understanding of how working Americans and their families are faring in today's economy." Robert B. Reich

"It is the inequality of wealth, argue the authors, rather than new technology (as some would have it), that is responsible for the failure of America's workplace to keep pace with the country's economic growth. The State of Working America is a well-written, soundly argued, and important reference book." Library Journal

"An indispensable work on family income, wages, taxes, employment, and the distribution of wealth. New York Review of Books

Since 1988, The State of Working America has provided a comprehensive answer to a question newly in vogue in this age of Occupy Wall Street: To what extent has overall economic growth translated into rising living standards for the vast majority of American workers and their families? In the 12th edition, Lawrence Mishel, Josh Bivens, Elise Gould, and Heidi Shierholz analyze a trove of data on income, jobs, mobility, poverty, wages, and wealth to demonstrate that rising economic inequality over the past three decades has decoupled overall economic growth from growth in the living standards of the vast majority.

The new edition of The State of Working America also expands on this analysis of American living standards, most notably by placing the Great Recession in historical context. The severe economic downturn that began in December 2007 came on the heels of a historically weak recovery following the 2001 recession, a recovery that saw many measures of living standards stagnate. The authors view the past decade as lost in terms of living standards growth, and warn that millions of American households face another decade of lost opportunity.

Especially troubling, the authors stress, is that while overall economic performance in the decades before the Great Recession was more than sufficient to broadly raise living standards, broad-based growth was blocked by rising inequality driven largely by policy choices. A determinedly data-driven narrative, The State of Working America remains the most comprehensive resource about the economic experience of working Americans."

This is a textbook designed for undergraduate and graduate students and is the result of the author's more than twenty years of involvement with econometrics as both teacher and researcher. It contains theory, problems and answers, many of which have already been tested extensively in classrooms and tutorials and then refined for the book. It includes the following topics: Single equation regressions Dummy and limited dependent variable models Simultaneous equations models Dynamic regression models Unit roots Cointegration and error correction models ggregation over time issues Forecasting and panel data models The book does not attempt to duplicate the many standard econometrics books. Rather, it supplements them by focusing exclusively on theoretical and empirical exercises in a systematic way. Although much of the material has a Caribbean flavour, its rigorous and clear presentation will appeal to students and teachers worldwide.

Statistics is the branch of mathematics that deals with real-life problems. As such, it is an essential tool for economists. Unfortunately, the way you and many other economists learn the concept of statistics is not compatible with the way economists think and learn. The problem is worsened by the use of mathematical jargon and complex derivations. Here's a book that proves none of this is necessary. All the examples and exercises in this book are constructed within the field of economics, thus eliminating the difficulty of learning statistics with examples from fields that have no relation to business, politics, or policy. Statistics is, in fact, not more difficult than economics. Anyone who can comprehend economics can understand and use statistics successfully within this field, including you This book utilizes Microsoft Excel to obtain statistical results, as well as to perform additional necessary computations. Microsoft Excel is not the software of choice for performing sophisticated statistical analysis. However, it is widely available, and almost everyone has some degree of familiarity with it. Using Excel will eliminate the need for students and readers to buy and learn new software, the need that itself would prove to be another impediment to learning and using statistics.

No one can deny the obvious link between statistics and sports, and many a sports fan can reel off a lengthy list of statistics about a favorite team or player. The anthology "A Sports-Oriented Approach to Introductory Statistics" cleverly combines the study of statistics with the high interest area of sports to create a text that delivers an engaging and effective introduction to statistical principles.
The first several chapters of the book are the statistical and mathematical offensive linemen, often overlooked and under-appreciated, but necessary for gaining a firm understanding of theory and statistics. This prepares students for the principles covered in subsequent chapters.
These later chapters are the skill players of the text, and through them students learn things like how to predict points in the NHL, determine if there is a home field advantage in football, and compare MLB teams to find out if statistically any one team has been the worst over the past ten years.
Each example in the book uses real data from the sports world. The central limit theorem is explained by examining salary data from major league baseball. Understanding probability distribution of a discrete random variable is illustrated through the number of goals scored in the World Cup. Regression analysis is explored through evaluating team performance.
Each chapter of the text includes examples, accompanied by complete, step-by-step solutions. All problems require students to produce extended, well-thought-out answers using the target principles. Symbols and formulas used within chapters are organized at the end of the chapters for easy reference.
This unique approach increases student interest, and delivers important content in a relatable, likeable format. "A Sports-Oriented Approach to Introductory Statistics" is written for courses in elementary, undergraduate statistics, and is an ideal supplement to standard required texts. The text can also be used as a supplemental text in many math and business courses grounded in statistics.
Andrew Wiesner earned his Ph.D. at the University of Pittsburgh. Currently he is a Lecturer of Statistics at Pennsylvania State University. Dr. Wiesner has been teaching statistics for more than ten years. He successfully combined his passion for education with a life-long love of sports, and supervised several undergraduate Honors theses in which students analyze sports data.

Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Economic Geography, grade: 1,3, University of Cologne (Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeographisches Institut), course: The Economic Geography of the European Union, language: English, abstract: In our globalized world trade fairs are important events for firms to communicate and/or sell their products and services to a global audience. But besides this original aim of trade fairs, scientists go further and focus on the effects, which these temporary and spatial accumulations of professionals from the same or equal industries might have. According to that, a particular focus lies on inter-organizational learning processes, like they can be found in clusters. Thus, the central question of this report derives, whether in the European context trade fairs can be seen as temporary clusters, which would imply that trade fairs became central nodes connecting global economy. This issue is important, since both participating in trade fairs and searching for adequate interaction partners are costly and time intensive processes. If trade fairs provided equal benefits as temporary clusters, organizing and participating entities would expend more effort on planning and conducting the time before, during and after the trade fair. Apparently, benefiting from new knowledge pools is at least an important aspect in times of increasing innovation velocity. Finding a clear answer for the problem is not trivial, since the majority of available literature focuses on trade fairs in the context of a communication instrument in firm's marketing mix. Furthermore there are difficulties to maintain a particular focus on Europe, since globalized world economy meets on international flagship trade fairs. Another aspect is the difficulty of measuring qualitative and quantifiable effects of spatial proximity in clusters, which additionally could be implemented to compare different forms of temporary clusters.

Diploma Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject Economics - Statistics and Methods, grade: 1,3, University of Tubingen, language: English, comment: empirische Arbeit, abstract: Rating agencies play an important role on the capital markets; however, during the financial crisis 2007-2009 people began to question how good their assessments of credit quality really are. In my study, I empirically examine the effect of rating announcements from Standard & Poor's on the Credit Default Swap (CDS) Market. It contributes to the field of rating agencies' performance measurement. Based on Event Study Methodology and recent CDS data, I detect virtually no significant abnormal spread change at the announcement date neither for downgrades nor upgrades. However, the CDS show some anticipation prior to the event especially for downgradings. Considering the rating date, I find evidence for an asymmetric reaction where downgrades cause stronger movement in the spreads. As a result, it seems as if rating changes do not convey a great part of new information to the markets. At the same time, the significant anticipation indicates that the CDS market processes information more efficiently.

2012 Reprint of 1925 Edition. Exact facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. Irving Fisher was an American economist, inventor, and social campaigner. He was one of the earliest American neoclassical economists, though his later work on debt deflation has been embraced by the Post-Keynesian school. As a student, Fisher had shown particular talent and inclination for mathematics, but he found that economics offered greater scope for his ambition and social concerns. His thesis, published by Yale in 1892 as "Mathematical Investigations in the Theory of Value and Prices," was a rigorous development of the theory of general equilibrium. When he began writing the thesis, Fisher had not been aware that Leon Walras and his continental European disciples had already covered similar ground. Nonetheless, Fisher's work was a very significant contribution and was immediately recognized and praised as first-rate by such European masters as Francis Edgeworth. Contains an preface written by Fisher for the 1925 edition published by Yale.

Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Business economics - Didactics, Economic Pedagogy, grade: 1,7, Cologne University of Applied Sciences (Fakultat fur Wirtschaftswissenschaften), course: Cross Cultural Competence, language: English, abstract: Presentations are ways of communicating ideas and information to a group. Presentation skills and public speaking skills are very useful in many aspects of work and life, may they be in business, sales and selling, training, teaching, lecturing and generally entertaining an audience. Developing the confidence and capability to give good presentations, and to stand up in front of an audience and speak well, are also extremely helpful competencies for self development. Even if the formats and purposes of presentations vary significantly, for example: oral (spoken), multimedia (using various media, visuals, audio, etc), PowerPoint presentations, short impromptu presentations, long planned presentations, educational or training sessions, lectures, or simply giving a talk on a subject to a group on a voluntary basis for pleasure, all successful presentations will generally use the essential techniques and structures explained here. Aside from presentation, technique, confidence, experience and preparation are key factors. This paper will give you a good overview of key presentation and public speaking elements, aspects to consider while preparing and useful pointers for the final delivery. In the second part I will touch on the subject of speaking to an international audience while the final segment will touch on the importance of presentation and public speaking skills in today's business world.

Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2010 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Economic Geography, grade: Cum Laude, RWTH Aachen University, language: English, abstract: The overall objective of this study is to examine the potential of introducing renewable biomass for a decentralized household energy provision in rural areas at the Kenyan South Coast. The main question posed in this research is whether the renewable products of an oil tree and related energy end-use appliances could potentially be a cheap, widely available and socially accepted substitute for kerosene and traditional biomass. The research data and results are based on a UNDP GEF SGP funded pilot project. The project was conceptualized by the author and implemented with local communities with support from the German Development Service (DED), the World Wide Fund (WWF) and various government institutions in Kwale District between 2006 and 2010. The first theoretical part of this study describes the negative socio-economic, environmental and health related impacts of the current household energy provision and energy use in Developing Countries (DCs). It becomes obvious that the households' strong dependency on kerosene and traditional biomass severely hampers the achievement of national and international development goals. The potentials and barriers when introducing renewable energy technologies (RETs) in DCs are presented by using selected project examples. The discussion emphasizes that not only economical, institutional and infrastructural factors contribute to the low dissemination rates of RETs in DCs but also the social acceptance by potential users. Finally the results from this investigation are used to discuss the current and future household energy provision in Kenya. The second part of the study elaborates on the possibility of sustainably introducing the oil tree Jatropha curcas L. as a bioenergy source to rural households. For that purpose the feasibility of introducing t

Chris Albright's VBA FOR MODELERS, 4E, International Edition is an essential tool for helping students learn to use Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) as a means to automate common spreadsheet tasks, as well as to create sophisticated management science applications. VBA is the programming language for Microsoft (R) Office. VBA FOR MODELERS, 4E, International Edition contains two parts. The first part teaches students the essentials of VBA for Excel. The second part illustrates how a number of management science models can be automated with VBA. From a user's standpoint, these applications hide the details of the management science techniques and instead present a simple user interface for inputs and results.

Master's Thesis from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Didactics, Economic Pedagogy, grade: 1,3, European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), 82 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This study does not focus on the "powerhouses" of internationalisation but rather at the possibilities of an "average" university with up to now rather average numbers of foreign students and an average degree of overall internationalisation. The University of Bielefeld is taken as one example, of how internationalisation can be implemented, what the key processes of internationalisation are and which steps should be taken to foster internationalisation in the future. The first part of this study is having a look at what internationalisation of universities is and how the idea has developed historically. he paper then in the second part describes the main stakeholders and their role in the internationalisation of higher education. In part three and four the key drivers of internationalisation for universities in general and German institutions of higher education in particular are identified. Therefore this paper outlines first the general global trends in higher education in part three and than focuses on specific German and European developments in part four. Special attention will be drawn on the legal changes in the German system of higher education and the EU-harmonisation process. In Chapter five the competitive forces like new market entrants and substitutes will be looked at. The sixth part will describe the specific motivation for internationalisation at the UoB and sketch the environmental situation of the university like the history of the institution, geographical aspects, its profile etc. It then focuses on strategy formulated so far. Parts seven and eight examine the internationalisation efforts on the side of resource allocation and international programmes. The last chapter tries to summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the inte