In this next volume of Progress in Economics Research, chapters discuss risk measurement methods in financial investments; the expansion of intellectual property rights and foreign direct investments; the role of process in policy-making in the maritime sector with reference to corporate social responsibility and how issues of flexibility, movement, change, and the increasing speed of these events can be accommodated in a new governance framework that takes account of the changed situation for nation-states; enhanced cooperation and the progressive process of differentiated integration in the European Union and its implications; personal metaphors expressed using a sample of MBA students who are preparing for their future careers as directors; mobilisers' problematising economic inequality in Hong Kong.; and home purchase decisions of the younger generation in Hong Kong.

Modern economies are full of uncertainties and risk. Economics studies resource allocations in an uncertain market environment. As a generally applicable quantitative analytic tool for uncertain events, probability and statistics have been playing an important role in economic research. Econometrics is statistical analysis of economic and financial data. In the past four decades or so, economics has witnessed a so-called 'empirical revolution' in its research paradigm, and as the main methodology in empirical studies in economics, econometrics has been playing an important role. It has become an indispensable part of training in modern economics, business and management.This book develops a coherent set of econometric theory, methods and tools for economic models. It is written as a textbook for graduate students in economics, business, management, statistics, applied mathematics, and related fields. It can also be used as a reference book on econometric theory by scholars who may be interested in both theoretical and applied econometrics.

Agricultural Statistics is published each year to meet the diverse need for a reliable reference book on agricultural production, supplies, consumption, facilities, costs, and returns. Its tables of annual data cover a wide variety of facts in forms suited to most common use. Statistics presented in many of the tables represent actual counts of the items covered. Most of the statistics relating to foreign trade and to Government programs, such as numbers and amounts of loans made to farmers, and amounts of loans made by the Commodity Credit Corporation, etc., are data of this type. A large number of other tables, however, contain data that are estimates made by the Department of Agriculture. The estimates for crops, livestock, and poultry made by the U.S. Department of Agriculture are prepared mainly to give timely current State and national totals and averages. They are based on data obtained by sample surveys of farmers and of people who do business with farmers. The survey data are supplemented by information from the Censuses of Agriculture taken every five years and check data from various sources. Being estimates, they are subject to revision as more data become available from commercial or Government sources. Unless otherwise indicated, the totals for the United States shown in the various tables on area, production, numbers, price, value, supplies, and disposition are based on official Department estimates. They exclude States for which no official estimates are compiled. Extensive table data include statistics of the following: *Statistics of Grain and Feed *Cotton, Tobacco, Sugar Crops, and Honey *Oilseeds, Fats, and Oils *Vegetables and Melons *Hay, Seeds, and Minor Field Crops *Cattle, Hogs, and Sheep *Dairy and Poultry *Insurance, Credit & Cooperatives *Agricultural Conservation & Forestry *Consumption & Family Living *Fertilizers & Pesticides Miscellaneous Agricultural Statistics such as Foreign Agricultural Trade Statistics including exports, fisheries and more. Professionals in the following fields to include farmers, ranchers, soil conservationists, surveyors, agricultural economist consultants, livestock manufacturers, livestock feedlot operators, food distributors, animal scientists, food chemists, food brokers, farm and land appraisers (and more) may have the greatest interest in this volume.

This publication is compiled to provide quality and timely statistical data for the monitoring, evaluation, analysis, research, and promotion of the intra-African trade. It is intended to serve the needs of researchers, policy makers, and the public who work on trade issues. This seventh edition of the Compendium presents foreign trade data in sixteen chapters for all African countries for the period 2004 to 2012. Information on total, share, direction, and evolution of African trade is provided. Focusing on intra-African trade, related statistical data of trade flows are grouped by region, subregions, and Regional Economic Communities (RECs) in Africa, a unique feature that has been found nowhere else. It is hoped that the Compendium will provide the needed support to ongoing efforts aimed at ensuring the integration of the African continent.

Dieses verstandliche Einsteigerbuch stellt grundlegend die Theorie der stochastischen Prozesse vor. Nach einem allgemeinen Teil erlautert es die speziellen Klassen stochastischer Prozesse wie Poisson-Prozesse, Markov-Prozesse, Martingale und Brownsche Bewegungen. Detaillierte Beweisfuhrungen sowie zahlreiche UEbungsaufgaben mit ausfuhrlichen Loesungen erleichtern das Verstandnis, vertiefen und festigen das Gelernte.

This is the first volume in a two-part publication which offers a comprehensive view of the topic. Volume I: Trade by Country, compiled in May 2014, presents detailed data of 175 countries (or areas) with data on imports and exports by commodity and trading partner provided for approximateky 90 countries (or areas), representing more than 70% of world trade in 2014. Volume II: Trade by Commodity, expected to be released at the end of the year, contains the detailed tables showing international trade for 258 commodities and eleven world trade tables covering trade values and indices up to the year 2014.

This year's edition of International Debt Statistics, successor to Global Development Finance and World Debt Tables, and the fourth in the series, is designed to respond to user demand for timely, comprehensive data on trends in external debt in low- and middle-income countries. It also provides summary information on the external debt of high-income countries and public (domestic and external) debt for a select group of countries. The World Bank's Debtor Reporting System (DRS), from which the aggregate and country tables presented in this report are drawn, wasestablished in 1951. World Debt Tables, the first publication that included DRS external debt data, appeared in 1973 and gained increased attention during the debt crisis of the 1980s. Since then, the publication and data have undergone numerous revisions and iterations to address the challenges and demands posed by the global economic conditions. Presentation and access to data have been refined to improve the user experience. The printed edition of International Debt Statistics 2016 now provides a summary overview and a select set of indicators, while an expanded dataset is available online (datatopics.worldbank.org / debt/ids).

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2012 in the subject Economics - Statistics and Methods, grade: none, - (University for Development Studies, Tamale), language: English, abstract: The study is an attempt to build a univariate Time Series Model to forecast monthly petroleum prices for 2010/2011, from January 1990 to September 2010, since national petroleum agency (NPA) is failing to plan for fluctuation of petroleum prices. The data was source from the website of Bank of Ghana. The study employs Box-Jenkins methodology of building Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model to achieve various objectives. Different selected models were tested by Residual plots of Autocorrelation and Partial Autocorrelation and Ljung Box Q statistic to ensure adequacy of results. The results reveal that demand and supply, crudel oil prices, gasoline, natural disasters and government regulations are some of factors that can influence fuel prices and ARIMA(1,1,5)x(1,0,1)11 is the best model for forecast. The future values expose that during the months to come; petroleum prices are going to experience an insignificant increase. In light of the forecast, I know Ghana will ascertain a healthy state of economy.

Dieses Lehrbuch fuhrt praxisorientiert in die Grundlagen, Techniken und Anwendungs-moeglichkeiten der deskriptiven Statistik ein und deckt alle wichtigen Aspekte einer Lehrveranstaltung zum Thema ab. Es behandelt die Basismethoden der uni- und bivariaten Verfahren, die mit Hilfe computerbasierter Berechnungen auf betriebswirtschaftliche Beispiele angewendet werden. Studierende gewinnen die Kompetenz, deskriptive Verfahren effizient in den Computerprogrammen Excel, SPSS und STATA anzuwenden, selbststandig Ergebnisse zu berechnen und vor allem zu interpretieren. Zugunsten eines intuitiven Ansatzes verzichtet das Buch dabei weitgehend auf mathematische Darstellungen und Herleitungen. Die vorliegende zweite Auflage wurde an die aktuellen Software-Updates angepasst und um ein neues Kapitel zur Indexrechnung erganzt. Zahlreiche Aufgaben mit Loesungen unterstutzen eine gezielte Prufungsvorbereitung.

Master's Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Economic Geography, grade: 6 (Schweiz), University of Zurich (Geographisches Institut), language: English, abstract: This study supports, that culture influences the relationship between organizational change and human failure. An analysis of global large loss events shows, that more than half of all losses can be backtracked to a human failure. A closer look at the organizational background of these human failure losses indicates additionally, that two thirds of them occurred after or during organizational changes of the employer. Because human performance is also dependent on cultural factors, this thesis investigates whether the established relationship between organizational changes and human failure features a cultural pattern of occurrence as well. In order to render an acceptable degree of comparison, the loss events are aligned on Hofstede's cultural dimensions, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity and long-term orientation. This study concludes, that a society's uncertainty avoidance and its individualism are related to the occurrence of large human failure loss events. While a society's high uncertainty avoidance is negatively correlated, a society's high individualism is positively correlated with human failures. It is further proposed, that a large power distance often prevents a workforce from committing human failures when their organization is changing. Trust in the vertical hierarchy gives them security. On the other side, high individualism aggravates human failures during organizational changes. The employees know that they are on their own, and that they have nobody to rely upon in insecure times.

Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Economic Geography, grade: 1,3, University of Cologne (Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeographisches Institut), course: The Economic Geography of the European Union, language: English, abstract: In our globalized world trade fairs are important events for firms to communicate and/or sell their products and services to a global audience. But besides this original aim of trade fairs, scientists go further and focus on the effects, which these temporary and spatial accumulations of professionals from the same or equal industries might have. According to that, a particular focus lies on inter-organizational learning processes, like they can be found in clusters. Thus, the central question of this report derives, whether in the European context trade fairs can be seen as temporary clusters, which would imply that trade fairs became central nodes connecting global economy. This issue is important, since both participating in trade fairs and searching for adequate interaction partners are costly and time intensive processes. If trade fairs provided equal benefits as temporary clusters, organizing and participating entities would expend more effort on planning and conducting the time before, during and after the trade fair. Apparently, benefiting from new knowledge pools is at least an important aspect in times of increasing innovation velocity. Finding a clear answer for the problem is not trivial, since the majority of available literature focuses on trade fairs in the context of a communication instrument in firm's marketing mix. Furthermore there are difficulties to maintain a particular focus on Europe, since globalized world economy meets on international flagship trade fairs. Another aspect is the difficulty of measuring qualitative and quantifiable effects of spatial proximity in clusters, which additionally could be implemented to compare different forms of temporary clusters.

This edition of the Export Essentials statistical series looks at export clearances through February for Canada, the United States and Australia. Gaining perspective about actual quantities of specialty crops being shipped from these countries has become more critical in the face of worries about weather in numerous key production areas in the world.