Clearly differentiated content for both Standard and Higher Level students. Includes highly visual graphs and topical examples to aid students' understanding of real-world economics. Contains answers to quantitative exercises found throughout the book. Written in clear, accessible English for students whose first language is not English.

This book addresses unexpected disasters and shocks in cities and urban systems by providing quantitative and qualitative tools for impact analysis and disaster management. Including environmental catastrophes, political turbulence and economic shocks, Resilience and Urban Disasters explores a large range of tumultuous events and key case studies to thoroughly cover these core areas. Chapters explore novel contributions on urban evolution and adjustment patterns based on studies from across the globe. Both causal mechanisms and policy responses to the high social costs of urban disasters are addressed. In particular, the book explores the socio-economic impacts on urban systems that are subject to disasters, including migration due to large earthquakes in Japan, the economic impact of terrorist attacks in Istanbul and labour market changes as a result of natural disasters in Italy. Urban planning and urban economics scholars will greatly benefit from the multidisciplinary analyses of a variety of case studies in the book. City planners and urban administrators will also find the exploration of potential paths of resilience for cities to be an invaluable tool for future planning. Contributors include: K. Borsekova, M. Dobrik, K. Fabian, R. Fabling, D.l. Felsenstein, R. Goncharov, A. Grimes, A.Y. Grinberger, T. Inal-Cekic, Y. Ishikawa, M. Morisugi, K. Nakajima, P. Nijkamp, M.D. OEzugul, F. Pagliacci, M. Russo, L. Rysova, N. Sakamoto, E. Seckin, M. Taheri Tafti, L. Timar, N. Zamyatina

This Research Handbook on Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies provides a range of contextualized perspectives on entrepreneurship in emerging economies. Featuring contributions from leading experts, it explores the various social and institutional contexts that produce and affect entrepreneurship. This Research Handbook portrays the theories, processes and practices of entrepreneurship in emerging economies as being markedly different from those in developed, post-industrial economies, emphasizing how national context shapes incentives for entrepreneurial efforts. Exploring multiple theories of entrepreneurship, chapters dissect the opportunities - and barriers - emerging from various institutions and social practices from the Middle East, North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America. Comprehensive and incisive, this Research Handbook is an ideal guide for researchers and both undergraduate and postgraduate students working on emerging economies, particularly those with an interest in global entrepreneurship. It will also benefit policy-makers seeking to develop entrepreneurial activity in developing economies. Contributors include: M. Akoorie, A. Al Mulla, G. Anggadwita, N. Birdthistle, L.-P. Dana, B. Dye, K. Dye, A. Egbetokun, E. Elkaroui, B. Fang, H. Febriansyah, A. Flynn, A. Forouharfar, L. Galloway, J. Gibb, A. Gkikas, J.G. Hussain, A. Icha-Ituma, P.A. Igwe, O. Kolade, K.T.Z. Lwin, A. Mohsen, H. Mustafa, H. Nyugen, R. Palali , S. Pattinson, I. Peiris, T.S.H. Pham, D. Rae, V. Ramadani, L. Sarfaraz, J.M. Scott, M. Sherif, P. Sinha, M.N. Tunio, R. Wanjiru, C.W. Watson, H. Zarrouk

Crisis management has become one of the core challenges facing governments, but successful crisis response depends on effective public leadership. Building on insights from Pragmatist philosophy, this deeply nuanced book provides guidance and direction for public leaders tackling the most challenging tasks of the twenty-first century. This timely and insightful book demonstrates how Pragmatism enables leaders to strategically address the fog of uncertainty that characterizes crises. Illuminating the power of practical rationality in crisis situations, Christopher Ansell and Martin Bartenberger develop a model of Pragmatist political crisis management and contrast this with crisis decision making and meaning making guided by principle. Examining the interplay of practical rationality and principle during the US financial crisis of 2008, the authors develop empirical indicators to evaluate when and why crisis leaders may adopt Pragmatist or principle-guided strategies. Flawlessly blending theory with practice, Ansell and Bartenberger offer key insights to those active in the crisis management community. Crisis management and public administration scholars will benefit from the detailed overview of Pragmatism and its applications to concrete issues of governance, while practitioners will profit from the book's insight into crisis leadership and decision making.

George J. Benston, professor of Finance, Accounting, and Economics at Emory University's Goizueta Business School, died unexpectedly in January 2008. He was an impassioned advocate for corporate integrity and a unique scholar; his research interests were as broad as those of any recent academician. His colleagues have selected and organized his most important papers into two volumes. This second volume consists of his publications in the fields of accounting and finance. The editor has selected a broad range of papers from each of the major areas that are representative of Benston's work in that particular field. James D. Rosenfeld, Professor of Finance, Accounting, and Economics, Goizueta Business School, Emory University, serves as the editor and is assisted by an editorial advisory board including George Kaufman, Greg Waymire, Bob Eisenbeis, Larry Wall, Rashad Abdel-Kalik, and Lemma Senbet.

Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary. Presenting state-of-the-art reviews on classical and novel research fields in economic psychology, this Research Agenda studies the fundamentals, perceptions and understanding of economic phenomena and behaviour. Internationally renowned experts as well as the next generation of researchers summarize the field and outline promising avenues of future research. Research topics are addressed from an interdisciplinary perspective, providing a broad spectrum of thought on economic psychology. Exploring important gaps in research, chapters include theoretical as well as applied themes and cover novel research fields, to keep the reader abreast of contemporary developments. These include the psychology of money, product design, financial capabilities, sustainable consumption, diet, ethical conduct, gender inequality, the sharing economy, basic income, happiness, and tax psychology. Researchers and advanced students of economics and psychology looking to update their knowledge and refresh their thinking on future research will greatly benefit from this timely book. Contributors include: S. Asbach, J.M. Bauer, J. Bosak, S. Diefenbach, K. Gangl, A. Gasiorowska, B. Hartl, M. Hassenzahl, D. Hilton, E. Hofmann, J. Khan, E. Kirchler, C. Kulich, C. Loibl, T.L. Milfont, K. Patel, L.A. Reisch, G. Rivers, D. Schwartz, M. Sommer, D. Stimmler, O. Stravrova, C. Tanner, I. Vlaev

This volume presents thirteen chapters prepared by senior researchers and former policy makers on key policy issues confronting China and the West. They focus on the role of the state in economic development, trade issues and the part played by innovation, digitalization and leadership. In a challenging and rapidly changing world, the book aims to provide not only authoritative analyses and perspectives, but to stimulate further thinking and debates about the common future. Each chapter is in the form of a short policy brief. China and the West is aimed for policy makers, business leaders, academics and students.

Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. Professor Fikret Berkes provides a unique introduction to the social and interdisciplinary dimensions of biodiversity conservation. Examining a range of approaches, new ideas, controversies and debates, he demonstrates that biodiversity loss is not primarily a technical issue, but a social problem that operates in an economic, political and cultural context. Berkes concludes that conservation must be democratized in order to broaden its support base and build more inclusive constituencies for conservation. Key features include: focus on Indigenous peoples' rights, knowledge and practices discussion of commons governance, co-management and responsibility exploration of the history of conservation and the nature stewardship traditions a broad view of conservation that encompasses the well-being of humans as well as ecosystems Taking an interdisciplinary social science approach that includes conservation science concepts, this Advanced Introduction will benefit students of environmental studies, geography, ecology and conservation. It will also be a useful resource for conservation organizations.

This timely book presents international and interdisciplinary perspectives on the dynamics, trajectories and consequences of Brexit. Focusing on the interaction of legal and economic issues, it evaluates the relevance of non-economic expectations and 'red lines' involved in the process of the UK's exit from the EU. Contributors employ a range of methodological approaches, from game theory to the study of populism, to address the viability of WTO rules as an alternative to the EU's internal market, future financial market regulation and commercial dispute settlement after Brexit. Chapters measure the trade-off between British autonomy and potential gains from trade, assessing how the UK may interact with the European Court of Justice and EU law. Incorporating insights from economics as well as European and international law, this thought-provoking book looks to the future of the UK and how it will contend with capital markets, adjudication of commercial law and pitfalls in the withdrawal agreement. Featuring law and economics viewpoints from renowned international scholars, this book will be indispensable reading for academic lawyers, economists and political scientists, particularly those with an interest in EU law and the implications of Brexit. It will also be useful to politicians, civil servants and legal practitioners in need of a measured response to the UK withdrawal agreement and the imminent outcomes of Brexit.

This accessible and comprehensive textbook explores the role of advertising in the marketplace. It investigates how firms' advertising strategies are informative, persuasive or add value to the product advertised. The book explains in detail empirical methodologies used to identify the impact of advertising on consumer demand and on market structure, and reviews some recent empirical findings. It concludes with an in-depth exploration of digital advertising and auctions along with a framework for current antitrust investigations into two-sided platforms (Google, Facebook) that are funded by advertising revenues. How advertising works in the marketplace, and whether it works well, is a complex question to address because there are three sets of players involved-the firms that advertise their products, the potential consumers who view the ads and the platform or medium that intermediates between them. Understanding how these three sets of players interact is the key to understanding the role of advertising in a market economy. The book begins by looking at the rise of advertising in market economies, a phenomenon not accounted for in standard textbook microeconomic models and carefully explains why. This is followed by an examination, both theoretical and empirical, of how firms strategically use advertising to reach consumers and expand the demand for their products. There are also chapters focused on the challenges of deceptive advertising and regulation. The final chapters investigate how two-sided platforms, such as Google and Facebook, are sustained by advertising revenues, and include a review of auction theory and the structure of advertising auction exchanges. These chapters also provide a detailed analysis of public policy issues, including media bias and antitrust concerns. While designed for use by students in any course that covers the economics of advertising, this book is also an excellent resource for any reader interested in a deeper understanding of this important topic.

A leading economic historian presents a new history of financial crises, showing how some led to greater globalization while others kept nations apart   The eminent economic historian Harold James presents a new perspective on financial crises, dividing them into “good� crises, which ultimately expand markets and globalization, and “bad� crises, which result in a smaller, less prosperous world. Examining seven turning points in financial history—from the depression of the 1840s through the Great Depression of the 1930s to the Covid-19 crisis—James shows how crashes prompted by a lack of supply, like the oil shortages of the 1970s, lead to greater globalization as markets expand and producers innovate to increase supply. By contrast, crises triggered by a lack of demand—such as the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2008—result in less globalization as markets contract, austerity measures are imposed, and skepticism of government grows.   By considering not only the times but also the observers who shaped our understanding of each crisis—from Karl Marx to John Maynard Keynes to Larry Summers—James shows how the uneven course of globalization has led to new economic thinking, and how understanding this history can help us better prepare for the future.

2019 marked the 40th anniversary of the publication of Anthony P. Thirlwall's classic paper that laid out what became known as Thirlwall''s law. This article introduced and provided empirical evidence in favor of the proposition that the long-run rate of growth of an economy compatible with balance-of-payments equilibrium can be approximated by the simple rule of the ratio of the growth of exports to the income elasticity of demand for imports. Thirlwall's law provides a theoretical underpinning for several of the arguments traditionally espoused by the heterodox followers of Keynes. In addition, Thirlwall's law can also be viewed as a guide to policy-making. It has spurred a rich research agenda at both the theoretical and empirical levels. Theoretically the core model has been extended to include the different components of the current account of the balance of payments. Empirically, it has withstood the test of time and has been corroborated, with perhaps a few exceptions, for a variety of developed and developing countries under different historical contexts and different periods of time. This re-release of the special issue of the Review of Keynesian Economics brings together experts and researchers to present the latest developments and debates on Thirlwall's law. Students, economists and policy makers will find this volume enlightening.

Examining the fundamental thinking underpinning the foundation for economic studies of happiness, this book explores the theories of key economists and philosophers from the Greek philosophers to more modern schools of thought. Lall Ramrattan and Michael Szenberg explore the general measures of happiness, utility as a method, metrical measures of happiness, happiness in literature and the scope of happiness in this concise book. Fundamentals of Happiness builds on major moral and philosophical theories from the ancient, medieval and modern schools that form the foundation of utility analysis. The authors classify the economics of happiness based on psychological, individual, social and institutional views of happiness, revealing how historical schools of thought implicitly or explicitly deal with this. The book also focuses on the relationship between happiness and society and welfare, analysing the measurement of subjective well-being. This will be an invigorating read for economics students, in particular those studying the history of economic thought, looking to understand the basic principles underlying the economics of happiness.

Discussing the Spanish Flu, HIV/AIDs, SARS and Ebola against the background of Covid-19, Pandemic Economics demonstrates how scientists consistently warned the world about pandemics, and how, despite this, the possibility of global lockdown caused unprecedented economic policies and ruin. The book prepares for the next pandemic, that unquestionably will arrive, the impact of which is predicted to potentially exceed that of the current Covid-19 wreckage. Highlighting how economic theory can anticipate a pandemic's impact despite the uncertainty and unreliability of traditional statistics, Peter van Bergeijk assesses the lack of preparation by international economic institutions and the ability for humanity to deeply hurt the economy by its response to infectious disease. Chapters offer an overview and critical analysis of global non-pharmaceutical interventions and economic policies in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Looking forward, the book investigates the economic impact, policy (in)effectiveness and resilience in different social contexts, illustrating a pandemic trilemma of health, freedom and the economy. It suggests how to prepare for the next pandemic at the individual level, in city planning, nationally, internationally and globally, with a focus on analysing the impact of pandemics from a global perspective. Pandemic Economics will be a stimulating read for (health) economics and development studies scholars as it provides a historic overview of the uneven impact of pandemics, with up to date studies of the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic. The forward-looking suggestions for economic policies and preparations for future pandemics will also make this an important read for economic and health policy makers.

Illuminating and timely, this book explores several theoretical and empirical issues related to the potential for increasing capacities for innovation, knowledge and entrepreneurship. It highlights the current academic and political consensus that calls for policy interventions targeted towards more balanced, inclusive and regionally cohesive growth. Bringing together a wide range of cutting-edge case studies and research on regional potentials, the book explores the need for a focus on the regional inequality aspects of innovating, knowledge and entrepreneurship. Chapters analyse previously underexplored determinants of regional economic growth and development often overlooked in standard growth studies. They offer a deeper understanding of the drivers and implications of sub-national disparities in entrepreneurship and innovation in both developed and developing countries. Scholars and researchers of innovation, entrepreneurship, regional economics and spatial planning will appreciate the blend of empirical and theoretical viewpoints in the book. It will also be a useful tool for policymakers, planners and consultants involved in economic development and regional policies on different scales.

Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary. Offering fresh insights into the key emerging issues in the field, including the changing socio-economic contexts brought about by the rise of the millennial generation and the creative class, the Covid-19 pandemic, and a greater emphasis on social responsibility, this forward-looking Research Agenda critically debates and rethinks theories and practices in the property sector. Promoting interdisciplinary approaches to the topic, chapters explore the disruptive changes to the field brought about by technological revolutions, before moving on to reflect upon the meaning of value, risks and investment behaviours, and finally examining the institutional contexts and stakeholders that shape the industry. Leading scholars combine practice with in-depth theoretical discussions, highlighting critical future avenues of research in the field. Real estate, planning and economics scholars will find this to be an important read, particularly with the blend of conceptual and empirical perspectives. Real estate practitioners and businesses will also find the practical guidance and discussion of real-life challenges in the book helpful.

"Hubbard and Kane synthesize economics, politics, and psychology to develop a new audacious theory of why countries decline. Compulsory reading for anyone who wants to understand the major issues that America now faces" (James Robinson, coauthor of "Why Nations Fail").
From the Ming Dynasty to Ottoman Turkey to imperial Spain, the Great Powers of the world emerged as the supreme economic, political, and military forces of their time--only to collapse into rubble and memory. What is at the root of their demise, and how can the United States stop it from happening again?
A quarter century after Paul Kennedy's "The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers," Glenn Hubbard and Tim Kane present a bold, sweeping account of why powerful nations and civilizations break down under the heavy burden of economic imbalance. Introducing a profound new measure of economic power, "Balance" traces the triumphs and mistakes of imperial Britain, the paradox of superstate California, the long collapse of Rome, and the limits of the Japanese model of growth. Most importantly, Hubbard and Kane compare the twenty-first-century United States to the empires of old and challenge Americans to address the real problems of our country's fiscal imbalance. If there is not a new economics and politics of balance, they portend that inevitable demise is ahead.
This is more than another analysis of our nation's economy; it is a groundbreaking look at the patterns of the past and a "thought-provoking analysis that has compelling relevance for America's future" (Nobel Peace Prize-winner Henry A. Kissinger).

With the radical growth in the ubiquity of digital platforms, the sharing economy is here to stay. This Handbook explores the nature and direction of the sharing economy, interrogating its key dynamics and evolution over the past decade and critiquing its effect on society. Using an interdisciplinary perspective, this Handbook analyses labour, governance, trust and consumption in the contemporary sharing economy. It questions the apparent contradiction between its components: the moral economy of small-scale communal sharing versus the far-flung reaches of the market economy. Chapters explore ways to resolve this paradox, theorizing hybrid economic forms and considering the replacement of human trust inherent in the sharing economy with a transactional reputation economy. Featuring a variety of both conceptual explorations and empirical investigations in a variety of different cross-cultural contexts, this Handbook illustrates how and, more importantly, why the sharing economy has reshaped marketplaces, and will continue to disrupt them as it develops. Written in an accessible style, this thorough Handbook offers crucial insights for researchers across a variety of disciplines interested in the trajectories of modern consumption, as well as students studying the sharing economy. Practitioners, policy makers and public speakers working in and around the sharing economy will also benefit from this book's unique analysis of trends in consumer economics. Contributors include: A. Arvidsson, G. Avram, F. Bardhi, H. Bartling, M. Baz Radwan, R. Belk, H.H. Chang, A. Chattopadhyay, R. Corten, D. Dalli, A. DeCrop, N. Drozdova, G. Eckhardt, T. Eriksson, E. Fischer, F. Fortezza, A. Gandini, A. Gessinger, A. Graul, A. Gruen, A.J. Hawley, I. Kleppe, S. Kurtmollaiev, M. Laamanen, C. Laurell, C.X. Li, A. Light, R.J. Lutz, J. Mallarge, K. Mikolajewska-Zaj c, L. Mimoun, M. Moehlmann, O. Mont, J. Morales, A. Mukherjee, C. Oberg, L.K. Ozanne, E. Papaoikonomou, G. Patsiaouras, C. Pitt, K. Plangger, M. Rocas-Royo, A. Ryan, C. Sandstrom, M. Saren, K. Strzyczkowski, W. Suetzl, T. Teubner, C. Valor, P. van den Bussche, G. von Richthofen, Y. Voytenko Palgen, S. Wahlen, T. Widlok, P. Zidda, L. Zvolska

Agricultural workers have long been underrepresented in labour history. This volume aims to change this by bringing together a collection of studies on the largest group of the global work force. The contributions cover the period from the early modern to the present - a period when the emergence and consolidation of capitalism has transformed rural areas all over the globe. Three questions have guided the approach and the structure of this volume. First, how and why have peasant families managed to survive under conditions of advancing commercialisation and industrialisation? Second, why have coercive labour relations been so persistent in the agricultural sector and third, what was the role of states in the recruitment of agricultural workers? Contributors are: Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk, Josef Ehmer, Katherine Jellison, Juan Carmona, James Simpson, Sophie Elpers, Debojyoti Das, Lozaan Khumbah, Karl Heinz Arenz, Leida Fernandez-Prieto, Rachel Kurian, Rafael Marquese, Bruno Gabriel Witzel de Souza, Rogerio Naques Faleiros, Alessandro Stanziani, Alexander Keese, Dina Bolokan, and Janina Puder.

This book's eminent editors and contributing authors provide an accessible and engaging account of the 'new' politics of corporate taxation, highlighting the complex and multidimensional strategies used by activists to influence public opinion, formal regulation and corporate behaviour. While campaigning is successful at exposing tax avoidance, it presents significant governance challenges. As this book reveals, the battle to establish fair and sustainable corporate tax regimes has only just begun. Chapters offer readers a timely assessment of the emerging role of new tax justice NGOs, the media and whistleblowers, as well as new governance strategies and policies targeting multinational corporations. Through the lens of political science, the authors show how civil society organisations shape the agenda of tax practices of the world's largest and most powerful corporations, including examples such as Apple and Google. A detailed evaluation is given of new private governance initiatives in the international tax arena and their relationship with traditional forms of regulation. Looking closely at the wider significance of the debate in contemporary global governance, academics and graduates in the fields of international political economy, global governance, development studies and taxation will find this book a timely and thought-provoking read. Contributors: A. Christians, R. Eccleston, A. Elbra, F. Gale, L. Johnson, A. Kellow, L. Latulippe, J. Mikler, H. Murphy-Gregory, T. Porter, K. Ronit, L. Seabrooke, L. Smith, J. Van Alstine, D. Wigan, R. Woodward