This volume is the last to be printed in a series describing in detail the results of the so-called West Bank Survey, an archaeological survey in the northernmost part of Sudanese Nubia, undertaken on the West Bank between the villages of Faras in the north and Gemai in the south during the period 1960-64. This project was carried out in anticipation of the flooding of the Aswan High Dam. The whole series has been divided into three volumes, no. 2 including sites from the Meroitic and Ballana periods (BAR S1335: Adams 2004), no. 3 including sites of the Christian age (BAR S1421: Adams 2005), while the present volume, no. 1, consists of detailed descriptions of sites and finds of the Early Nubian, Middle Nubian and Pharaonic New Kingdom periods.

This study deals with the significance of ritual scenes on 21st Dynasty coffins. The images on these coffins are studied as texts referring to the passage of the deceased to the next life. The aim of this study is also to argue how the Middle Kingdom Coffin Texts were replaced at this later date by such images on coffins. The work focusses on a group of coffins belonging to the priest known as PA-dj-imn, and date to the reign of the High Priest Pinudjem II. They were found in 1891 at the tomb of Bab el-Gassus, as part of the find generally known as the Second Find of Deir el-Bahri.

The present work is an attempt to give a comprehensive overview of turquoise and its role in Ancient Egypt. Turquoise was mined mainly in Sinai, at Maghara and at Serabit el Khadim, where the stone occurs in the sandstone rock. Ancient Egyptian mineralogical studies have neglected turquoise, focussing instead on the study of other minerals and metals such as gold, silver, and copper.

The study of furniture and its production is a window into both the social position of its owner and the techniques and social organization of the craftsmen. This book comprises an examination and analysis of chairs, stools and footstools of the New Kingdom (ca.1550-1069 B.C.) which are preserved in the Cairo Egyptian Museum. The first chapter is dedicated to woodworking processes and techniques of manufacturing chairs and stools. The second chapter analyses the chairs, stools, and fragments that constitute the main corpus of this study (131 pieces in total). The third chapter focuses primarily on two-dimensional scenes and how these can increase our understanding of the study objects. The fourth chapter is devoted to a lexicographical analysis of the terms used to designate different types of chairs, stools and footstools. This is followed by a typological study of chairs and stools in the New Kingdom based on actual pieces of furniture that my corpus includes and those preserved in other collections.

Between the Roman annexation of Egypt and the Arab period, the Nile Delta went from consisting of seven branches to two, namely the current Rosetta and Damietta branches. For historians, this may look like a slow process, but on a geomorphological scale, it is a rather fast one. How did it happen? How did human action contribute to the phenomenon? Why did it start around the Roman period? And how did it impact on ancient Deltaic communities? This volume reflects on these questions by focusing on a district of the north-eastern Delta called the Mendesian Nome. The Mendesian Nome is one of the very few Deltaic zones documented by a significant number of papyri. To date, this documentation has never been subject to a comprehensive study. Yet it provides us with a wealth of information on the region's landscape, administrative geography, and agrarian economy. Starting from these papyri and from all available evidence, this volume investigates the complex networks of relationships between Mendesian environments, socio-economic dynamics, and agro-fiscal policies. Ultimately, it poses the question of the 'otherness' of the Nile Delta, within Egypt and, more broadly, the Roman Empire. Section I sets the broader hydrological, documentary, and historical contexts from which the Roman-period Mendesian evidence stem. Section II is dedicated to the reconstruction of the Mendesian landscape, while section III examines the strategies of diversification and the modes of valorization of marginal land attested in the nome. Finally, section IV analyses the socio-environmental crisis that affected the nome in the second half of the second century AD.

Pen, Stylus, and Chisel: An Ancient Egypt Sourcebook helps students understand the world of the ancient Egyptians by introducing them to primary sources that cover a broader spectrum, both temporally and geographically, than most ancient Egyptian readers. Beginning with The Old Kingdom in the third millennium BCE, the book covers 3,000 years of history, progressing through the Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, Late Kingdom, Persian Period, and ending with the Ptolemaic Dynasty in the first century BCE. Students will learn about the Egyptians' political ideas, social customs, religious views, economy, ethics, and forms of expression. The material includes documents written both by the Egyptians and by those who observed them, which gives students a well-rounded view of the Egyptian people, their history, and their culture. The book includes maps, introductions to the readings to place them in context and enhance comprehension, discussion questions to be used in class or as writing assignments, and a glossary. Pen, Stylus, and Chisel can be used in history and humanities courses on ancient Egypt.

Cultural Expression in the Old Kingdom Elite Tomb considers the material and immaterial culture left behind by the ancient Egyptian elite in their tombs starting some 5000 years ago. The book intends to understand this culture reflecting the 'intention' of the ancient Egyptians. All these 'intentions' are now inaccessible to us, a paradox indeed. The author starts by examining the ways in which other Egyptologists have understood tomb culture over the past century. Two main clusters of thought dominate the history of this topic, the literal and/or the symbolic meaning. The literal is a popular approach for the modern world; the symbolic encompasses the ancient Egyptians' ideas about the meaning of life in this and the next world, and metaphysical perfection. The author uses a third mid-way course between the literal and the symbolic; i.e. an attempt to study the evidence in its reality and to search for common, universal factors which may be present and which may aid understanding. The result is an inventory, analysis and synthesis of the core components of Egyptian cultural dynamics as reflected in the iconographic evolution of Old Kingdom elite tombs. New horizons are opened up for describing and interpreting cultural data of many different levels (identity, ideology as social layers, and static versus dynamic as cultural mechanisms). The work goes beyond mainstream Egyptology, because the findings, apart from a specific Egyptian core, also have universal implications since comparison with other cultures shows comparable phenomena.

The subject of this study is an examination of the resources at the disposal of the elite class of Old Kingdom officials who administered the state on behalf of the crown. Their assets included one or more rural estates either owned outright or held in usufruct and/or enjoyed according to a land-owning system referred to as the pr Dt (estate), and all that the estate produced: a workforce if in some way bound to the estate, buildings, means of transport, household and personal effects.

First runner-up for the British-Kuwait Friendship Society Book Prize in Middle Eastern Studies 2015. In ancient Egypt, wrapping sacred objects, including mummified bodies, in layers of cloth was a ritual that lay at the core of Egyptian society. Yet in the modern world, attention has focused instead on unwrapping all the careful arrangements of linen textiles the Egyptians had put in place. This book breaks new ground by looking at the significance of textile wrappings in ancient Egypt, and at how their unwrapping has shaped the way we think about the Egyptian past. Wrapping mummified bodies and divine statues in linen reflected the cultural values attached to this textile, with implications for understanding gender, materiality and hierarchy in Egyptian society. Unwrapping mummies and statues similarly reflects the values attached to Egyptian antiquities in the West, where the colonial legacies of archaeology, Egyptology and racial science still influence how Egypt appears in museums and the press. From the tomb of Tutankhamun to the Arab Spring, Unwrapping Ancient Egypt raises critical questions about the deep-seated fascination with this culture - and what that fascination says about our own.

This work examines one section of southern Karnak from the ancient Egyptian city of Thebes. Excavations at the site uncovered extensive remains from the late New Kingdom (12th-11th c. BCE), Third Intermediate Period (11th-7th c. BCE), and Late Period occupation of the area (7th-4th c. BCE). The research questions focused on determining the function of this section of the city and the nature of its relationship to the neighbouring Mut temple. A close study of the architectural and ceramic evidence traces the changing roles of the area through time, with special emphasis on a large-scale mud-brick building discovered at the site.

This fresh categorisation and examination grew from the author's innate curiosity about the shapes and forms of the ships and boats of the Ancient World and particularly of the Ancient Egyptians. Many years sailing and the book by Nancy Jenkins, "The Boat beneath the Pyramid" which considered the vessel buried alongside the Great Pyramid of Giza sparked this curiosity, and from this start point, the focus of the research moved to the catalogue of model vessels in the Cairo Museum collection, published by Reisner, and the surviving hulls from Dahshur. These sources were augmented and supported by the work by Boreux. Finds such as the timbers from Lisht added valuable information. An interest in the greater variety of vessels to be known from the Old and Middle Kingdoms concentrated the researcher's attention upon the craft of these periods. Three fragmentary examples of hull forms, supposedly not known until the Old Kingdom, have been included, as the categorization system proposed in this research attempts to push back the previously accepted dates of some Egyptian hull shapes.

A collection of papers in honour of Eyptologist Ulrich Luft. Contents: 1) The Greek subliterary texts and the Demotic literature (Adrienn Almasy); 2) Die drei Kartuschen im Naoseingang (Edith Bernhauer); 3) Eine archaisierende Konigsfigur der spaten Libyerzeit (Helmut Brandl) 4) A Phantom Debate ? (Edward Brovarski); 5) Inscriptions of the high priest Pinudjem I on the walls of the Eighteenth Dynasty Temple at Medinet Habu (Gabriella Dembitz); 6) News from Old Kingdom Thebes (Zoltan Imre Fabian); 7) Who was Sinuhe? (Hans Goedicke); 8) Memphis in der fruhen 6. Dynastie als Fallbeispiel agyptologischer Residenzenforschung (Rolf Gundlach); 9) Massbezeichnungen auf koptischen Papyri und Ostraka (Monika Hasitzka); 10) A Greek Coptic Glossary Found at TT65 (Andrea Hasznos); 11) Zum koptischen Alphabet des Bernhard von Breydenbach (1486) (Balazs J. Irsay-Nagy); 12) Die Naoi und die Kulttopographie von Saft el-Henneh (Dieter Kessler); 13) The protagonist-catalogues of the apocryphal acts of Apostles in the Coptic Manichaica a re-assessment of the evidence (Gabor Kosa); 14) Feudalisms of Egyptology (Katalin Anna Kothay); 15) Der Sennefer Brief, Berlin P 10463 die Lesung des Papyrusmaterials (Myriam Krutzsch) 16) Shakespeares The Tempest and the Latin Asclepius (Ildiko Limpar); 17) From Middle Kingdom apotropaia to Netherworld Books (Eva Liptay); 18) Zu einer Formulierung in Totenbuch Kapitel (Alexander Manisali); 19) Les Proces. Un genre litteraire de lEgypte ancienne (Bernard Mathieu); 20) Vom schonen Erzahlen. Buchstablich fabelhafte Bilder (Ludwig D. Morenz); 21) Die administrativen Texte der Berliner Lederhandschrift (Matthias Muller); 22) Letters from Gurna. The mix-and-match game of an excavation (Bori Nemeth); 23) Zum Tempel des Amonre Der die Bitte hort in Karnak (Jurgen Osing); 24) The forms of the shadow: The birth-stories of the first archon in the ancient Gnostic texts from Nag Hammadi (Csaba Otvos); 25) Elkasai (Monika Pesthy-Simon); 26) Foreign groups at Lahun during the late Middle Kingdom (Mate Petrik); 27) Geschlechtsidentitatsstorungen im altagyptischen Pantheon? Einige Bemerkungen zum Phanomen wechselnder Genuskorrelationen von Gotternamen (Andreas H. Pries); 28) Eine agyptische Bezeichnung der Perle? (Joachim Friedrich Quack); 29) The domestic servant of the palace rn-snb (Helmut Satzinger and Danijela Stefanovic); 30) An Early Stela of the High Priest Amenhotep of the 20th Dynasty? (Julia Schmied); 31) The Burial Shaft of the Tomb of Amenhotep, Overseer of the First Phyle Theban Tomb No. -64- (Gabor Schreiber); 32) The Epistolary topos and War (Anthony Spalinger); 33) He did its Like: Some Uses of Repetition in Demotic Narrative Fiction (John Tait); 34) Aegyptio-Afroasiatica XXIV(Gabor Takacs); 35) The Demons of the Air and the Water of the Nile. Saint Anthony the Great on the Reason of the Inundation (Peter Toth); 36) Der gottliche Ramses II. im Grossen Tempel von Abu Simbel (Martina Ullmann); 37) Excavation in the Tomb of Piay in Dra Abu el Naga (TT 344) (Zsuzsanna Vanek); 38) Deux etiquettes de momie) (Edith Varga); 39) One seal and two sealings of the Fifth Dynasty and their historical implications (Miroslav Verner); 40) Zur Homonymie in den Kxoe-Varietaten des Zentralkhoisan (Rainer Vossen); 41) Ein Sphinxkopf aus der 12. Dynastie (Munchen AS 7110) (Gabriele Wenzel); 42) Eine ptolemaische Abrechung uber inneragyptischen Finanzausgleich. (P. Fitzhugh D.4 + P. Wangstedt 7) (Karl-Theodor Zauzich).

The Life of Margaret Alice Murray: A Woman s Work in Archaeology is the first book-length biography of Margaret Alice Murray (1863 1963), one of the first women to practice archeology. Despite Murray s numerous professional successes, her career has received little attention because she has been overshadowed by her mentor, Sir Flinders Petrie. This oversight has obscured the significance of her career including her fieldwork, the students she trained, her administration of the pioneering Egyptology Department at University College London (UCL), and her published works. Rather than focusing on Murray s involvement in Petrie s archaeological program, Kathleen L. Sheppard treats Murray as a practicing scientist with theories, ideas, and accomplishments of her own. This book analyzes the life and career of Margaret Alice Murray as a teacher, excavator, scholar, and popularizer of Egyptology, archaeology, anthropology, linguistics, and more. Sheppard also analyzes areas outside of Murray s archaeology career, including her involvement in the suffrage movement, her work in folklore and witchcraft studies, and her life after her official retirement from UCL."

Papers from an international Egyptological conference entitled Evolving Egypt: Innovation, Appropriation, and Reinterpretation in Ancient Egypt held in February 2006 at BYU-Hawaii (Oahu). Contents: 1) Possibilities and Pitfalls in Identifying Innovation: The Early Ramesside Era as a Case Study (Kerry Muhlestein); 2) Les bateaux et le sacre dans l'ancienne Egypte (Ana Maria Rosso); 3) Symbolic Connotations of Pyramid Temples in the 5th and 6th Dynasties (Pal Steiner); 4) Dating of Stelae of the 12th Dynasty: A Statistical Approach (Des Bright); 5) The Expansionist Policies of the New Kingdom and the Increase in Craft Specialization in the Textile Industry (Giovanni Tata); 6) Copy and Reinterpretation in the Tomb of Nakht: Ancient Egyptian Hermeneutics (Valerie Angenot); 7) The Daily Cult: Space, Continuity and Change (Robyn Gillam); 8) Glossed Over: Ancient Egyptian Interpretations of Their Religion (John Gee); 9) The Hieratic Scribal Tradition in Preexilic Judah (David Calabro); 10) Ptolemaic Translation and Representation: The Hellenistic Sculptural Program of the Memphite Sarapieion (Shanna Kennedy-Quigley); 11) Appropriation of Egyptian Judgment in the Testament of Abraham? (Jared Ludlow); 12 New Evidence of Coptic Mummification Techniques From Tell El-Hibeh, Middle Egypt (Robert M. Yohe II, Jill K. Gardner, and Deanna Heikkinen).

16 papers from the 'Egyptology in Australia and New Zealand' Conference held in Melbourne, September 4th-6th 2009. Contents: A History of Egyptology at Monash University, Melbourne (C. Hope); 1) Trade and Power: The Role of Naqada as a Trading Centre in Predynastic Egypt (J. Cox); 2) Antecedents to the Ptolemaic Mammisis (V. Crown); 3) Ptolemaic 'Black Ware' from Mut el-Kharab (J. Gill); 4) The Decorative Program of the Amarna Rock Tombs: Unique Scenes of the Egyptian Military and Police (E. Healey); 5) The Use of Myth in the Pyramid Texts (J. Hellum); 6) The Application of Cladistics to Early Dynastic Egyptian Ceramics: Applying a New Method (A. Hood & J. Valentine); 7) Searching for an Oasis Identity: Dakhleh Oasis in the Third Intermediate Period (C. Hubschmann); 8) Ambiguous Images: The Problems and Possibilities of Analysing Rock-art Images in the Egyptian Western Desert (D. James); 9) The Ruler of Kush (Kerma) at Buhen during the Second Intermediate Period: A Reinterpretation of Buhen Stela 691 and Related Objects (C. Knoblauch); 10) On Interpreting the Meaning of Amulets and Other Objects using the Frog Motif as an Example (J. Kremler); 11) Administrative Control of Egypt's Western Oases during the New Kingdom: A Tale of Two Cities (R. Long); 12) It Really is Aha: Re-examining an Early Dynastic Ink Inscription from Tarkhan (L. Mawdeley); 13) Invisible History: The First Intermediate Period in United Kingdom (UK) Museum Exhibitions (M. Pitkin); 14) The Inscriptions of Hatshepsut at the Temple of Semnah: An Art-historical and Epigraphic Re-appraisal (A. Shackell-Smith); 15) Characterisation and Legitimisation in the Doomed Prince (D. Stewart); 16) The Typology of 26th Dynasty Funerary Figurines (S. Volk).

A collection of 29 papers on a wide range of Egyptological and Coptic subjects. Aspects of epigraphy, art history, architecture, artefactual studies, philology, and the history of Egyptology and Coptic studies are among the many topics discussed. Papers predominantly in Italian , with a few in French and one in English.

Cross-referencing visual depictions with the more meagre archaeological record, this study presents a typology of this significant artefact. It examines the ritual uses of the amulet, and discusses its symbolic place in Egyptian theology, drawing on the work of Jan Assman.

This collection of papers orignally given at a 2008 conference at Alexandria University presents recent archaeological work on the Lake Mareotis region of Alexandria, of considerable importance in antiquity as a hub of economic activity and of transport links. The volume brings together recent results from several different national expeditions and research projects in the region, including the Lake Mareotis Research Project, established jointly by the departments of Maritime Archaeology at Southampton and Alexandria Universities, and the Department of Underwater Antiquities Alexandria.

This book gives a structured account of Egypt's transition from Ptolemaic to Roman rule by identifying key relationships between ecology, land tenure, taxation, administration and politics. It introduces theoretical perspectives from the social sciences and subjects them to empirical scrutiny using data from Greek and Demotic papyri as well as comparative evidence. Although building on recent scholarship, it offers some provocative arguments that challenge prevailing views. For example, patterns of land ownership are linked to population density and are seen as one aspect of continuity between the Ptolemaic and Roman period. Fiscal reform, by contrast, emerges as a significant mechanism of change not only in the agrarian economy but also in the administrative system and the whole social structure. Anyone seeking to understand the impact of Roman rule in the Hellenistic east must consider the well-attested processes in Egypt that this book seeks to explain.

Egyptian mummies are perennially popular with visitors to museums but what is their relevance in the twenty-first century? And what can we learn from the study of these ancient remains? Mummies are an unparalleled source of scientific data, addressing a host of questions about life in one of the most highly developed societies of the ancient world. Although the ancient Egyptians left many written records, these tell only part of the story, and researchers rely heavily on human remains to complete the picture. These throw light on many important issues about which the inscriptions are often silent: physical anthropology, family relationships, life expectancy, nutrition and health, disease and the causes of death. They also of course provide a unique insight into the fascinating and complex processes of mummification; including not only the artificial preservation of the corpse, but also the ritual elements which played such an important part: the placing of amulets, the putting on of wrappings and the equipping of the body with religious texts and images. For many years, the only way to extract this data from Egyptian mummies was to unwrap them a process both destructive and irreversible. Then, the advent of modern non-invasive imaging techniques X-rays and Computerized Tomography (CT) scanning made it possible to look inside a mummy without disturbing the wrappings in any way. Now this technology has advanced still further. Thanks to the latest computer-generated images, we are able to perform a virtual unwrapping of a mummy and to embark on a journey within the body, visualizing every feature and amulet in 3D. The subject chosen for this ground-breaking experiment, the priest Nesperennub, has been one of the British Museums treasured exhibits for over a hundred years. His beautifully painted mummy-case has never been opened since it was sealed up by embalmers on the West Bank at Thebes shortly before he was buried, but now after 2,800 years technology has unlocked its secrets. This book takes the reader on a journey of discovery, gathering information about Nesperennub from a variety of sources. First, his place in history and his role in Egyptian society are pieced together from the inscriptions the formal record of his life which was intended for posterity. Then the 3D technology makes it possible to enter the mummy case and to explore the body, collecting data about Nesperennub as a person, seeing his face, assessing his health, and looking over the shoulders of the embalmers as they prepared him for eternal life.

This book is a new study of the ancient Egyptian poem known in English as The Man Who Was Tired of Life or The Dialogue of a Man and His Ba (or Soul). The composition is universally regarded as one of the masterpieces of ancient Egyptian literature. It is also one of the most difficult and continually debated, as well as being the subject of more than one hundred books and articles. The present study offers new readings and translations, along with an analysis of the text's grammar and versification, and a complete philological apparatus.

Between 2004 and 2008 the Centre for Maritime Archaeology (CMA), University of Southampton and the Department of Underwater Antiquities of the Egyptian Supreme Council for Antiquities (SCA), in conjunction with the Centre for Maritime Archaeology and Underwater Cultural Heritage (CMAUCH), University of Alexandria, conducted five seasons of survey along the shores of the western arm of Lake Mareotis, Alexandria, Egypt. This was to be the first systematic, comprehensive survey of the region, the aim being to more fully appreciate the nature of Lake Mareotis and the role it played in the economy of ancient Alexandria. An initial visit to the region in 2002 alerted the co-directors of the subsequent project, Lucy Blue (CMA) and Sameh Ramses (SCA), to the huge potential of the area, as well as the immediate threats that the archaeology of the region faced.

In this study the author focuses on trade and markets in New Kingdom, Egypt. Contents: 1) Introduction and overview of internal exchange systems and the Egyptian economy; 2) Theoretical approaches to the Egyptian economy; 3) Local markets; 4) Economic transactions of movable goods (in particular relation to Thebes; 5) The 'Swtyw' ('traders'; 6) Real estate and land exchange; 7) Trade in slaves.