This book was originally published by Claeys and Casteels, now formally part of Edward Elgar Publishing. The purpose of this book is to propose an innovative vision on the development process of the enlarged Mediterranean region. Triangulating the Gulf Cooperation Council, North Africa and the European Union into a unique cooperation scheme, the book highlights the strong complementarity that exists between these regions in the field of renewable energy. The wide availability of Sovereign Wealth Funds' capital in the Gulf Cooperation Council, the great renewable energy potential of North Africa and the institutional support of the European Union are the three main pillars of this cooperation scheme. This triangulation would enhance not only the energy outlook of the overall Mediterranean region, but also its socio-economic development, ultimately promoting an enlarged area of cooperation, stability and peace.This book was originally published by Claeys and Casteels, now formally part of Edward Elgar Publishing. The purpose of this book is to propose an innovative vision on the development process of the enlarged Mediterranean region. Triangulating the Gulf Cooperation Council, North Africa and the European Union into a unique cooperation scheme, the book highlights the strong complementarity that exists between these regions in the field of renewable energy. The wide availability of Sovereign Wealth Funds' capital in the Gulf Cooperation Council, the great renewable energy potential of North Africa and the institutional support of the European Union are the three main pillars of this cooperation scheme. This triangulation would enhance not only the energy outlook of the overall Mediterranean region, but also its socio-economic development, ultimately promoting an enlarged area of cooperation, stability and peace.

Reliance on natural resource revenues, particularly oil, is often associated with bad governance, corruption, and poverty. Worried about the effect of oil on Alaska, Governor Jay Hammond had a simple yet revolutionary idea: let citizens have a direct stake.

"The Governor's Solution" features his firsthand account that describes, with brutal honesty and piercing humor, the birth of the Alaska Permanent Fund dividend, which has been paid to each resident every year since 1982.

Thirty years later, Hammond's vision is still influencing oil policies throughout the world. This reader, part of the Center for Global Development's Oil-to-Cash initiative, includes recent scholarly work examining Alaska's experience and how other oil-rich societies, particularly Iraq, might apply some of the lessons. It is as a powerful reminder that the combination of new ideas and determined individuals can make a tremendous difference --even in issues as seemingly complex and intractable as fighting the oil curse.

Pressing economic, energy security, and environmental concerns are driving rapid growth in global investments in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and other clean energy technologies. The U.S. government has an unparalleled opportunity to join forces with the private sector, international institutions, and other countries to accelerate this global clean energy market transformation and capture vital domestic benefits. This book examines how U.S. international clean energy leadership can produce enormous benefits domestically and internationally.

The debate over the use of copyright law to prevent competition and interoperability in the global software industry. We live in an interoperable world. Computer hardware and software products from different manufacturers can exchange data within local networks and around the world using the Internet. The competition enabled by this compatibility between devices has led to fast-paced innovation and prices low enough to allow ordinary users to command extraordinary computing capacity. In Interfaces on Trial 2.0, Jonathan Band and Masanobu Katoh investigate an often overlooked factor in the development of today's interoperabilty: the evolution of copyright law. Because software is copyrightable, copyright law determines the rules for competition in the information technology industry. This book-a follow-up to Band and Katoh's successful 1995 book Interfaces on Trial-examines the debates surrounding the use of copyright law to prevent competition and interoperability in the global software industry in the last fifteen years. Band and Katoh are longtime advocates for interoperable devices but present a reasoned view of contentious issues related to interoperability issues in the United States, the European Union, and the Pacific Rim. They discuss such topics as the protectability of interface specifications, the permissibility of reverse engineering (and legislative and executive endorsement of pro-interoperability case law), the interoperability exception to the U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the interoperability cases decided under it, the enforceability of contractural restrictions on reverse engineering; and recent legal developments affecting the future of interoperability, including those related to open source-software and software patents.

This book analyzes the wide range of issues that should be taken into account in forest-related legislation. It stresses that forest law must be understood in the context of the broader legal framework governing land use and land tenure, as well as international obligations related to trade, environmental protection, and human rights. The book also pays significant attention to institutional arrangements and governance practices relevant to forests, including decentralization, transparency, and law enforcement. The authors draw extensively on experience from around the world to provide tools for dealing with various forest management challlenges. The authors are experts in the field of forest law. Lawrence C. Christy is a Former Chief, Development Law Service, Legal Office, Food and Agricultre Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Charles E. Di Leva is Chief Counsel, Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development and International Law Unit (LEGEN), Legal Vice-Presidency, World Bank. Jonathan M. Lindsay is Senior Counsel with LEGEN, Legal Vice-Presidency, World Bank. Patrice Talla Takoukam is Counsel with LEGEN, Legal Vice-Presidency, World Bank.

In this systematic approach to energy issues in Greek law, the author begins with the administrative organization of the energy sector and then in turn considers natural gas, renewable energy sources, lignite, petroleum and electricity, examining pervasive legal factors - e.g., competition, environment, tax - individually in each case. He clearly describes Greek law (and European law where applicable) affecting such factors as administrative services, research, prospecting, mining, licenses, land use planning, documentation, intergovernmental cooperation agreements, undertakings, facilities, storage, pricing, procurement and sales, transportation, transmission, distribution, and supply. More than a methodical inventory of the relevant information - hitherto available only in scattered and fragmented form - the book also identifies the fundamental legal issues and analyzes relevant case law. It will be welcomed by lawyers representing parties with interests in Greece, and by researchers and academics for its contribution to the study of comparative energy law.

Extraterritorial jurisdiction stands at the juncture of international law and animal law and promises to open a path to understanding and resolving the global problems that challenge the core of animal law. As corporations have relocated and the animal industry (agriculture, medical research, entertainment, etc.) has dispersed its production facilities across the territories of multiple states, regulatory gaps and fears of a race to the bottom have become a pressing issue of global policy. This book provides enough background to allow readers to understand why extraterritorial jurisdiction must respond to these developments, counters objections that readers might raise, and describes how to improve animal law in tandem. The heart of the work is a fully-fledged catalogue of options for extraterritorial jurisdiction, which states can employ to strengthen their animal laws. The book offers top-down perspectives drawn from general international law and trade law, and complements them by a bottom-up up view from the perspective of animal law. The approach connects the law of jurisdiction to substantive law and opens up deeper questions about moral directionality, state and corporate duties owed animals, and the comparative advantages of constitutional, criminal, and administrative animal law. To ensure that extraterritorial animal law does not become complicit in oppressing ethnic and cultural minorities, the book offers critical interdisciplinary perspectives, informed by posthumanist and postcolonialist discourse. Readers will further learn when and how extraterritorial jurisdiction violates international law, and the consequences of exercising it illegally under international law. This work answers questions about how and why extraterritorial jurisdiction can overcome the steepest hurdles for animal law and help move us toward a just global interspecies community. This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.

Healing the World identifies and offers possible solutions to three critical and urgent problems that face mankind today. David Christensen, PhD, a retired geography professor, has studied how people have both used and misused Earth, and spent endless amounts of money on wars and on a military that, in his opinion, cannot provide security in a world of interdependent nations. Christensen invites you to follow along as he presents his case for Limited World Government as the only way to deal with the following three intertwined global issues: War and Militarization Corporate Globalization and the Need for a Sustainable Balance between the Earth and the Human Family. In addition to identifying three key problems of our time, Christensen includes a brief history of peace plans, the evolution of international cooperation over the last two centuries, and the League of Nations and the United Nations. Dozens of quotes from world leaders and writers are also included, as well as a discussion of a Web of Survival. Healing the World will encourage you to examine the actions of world leaders, as well as your own viewpoints about global issues, and concludes with an inspirational call to

'Conflict and Cooperation on South Asia's International Rivers' traces the development of international water law. This book focuses on the hydro-politics of four countries in the South Asia region: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. It analyzes the problems that these countries have encountered as riparians of international rivers and how they have addressed these problems. In particular, this study reviews the treaty regimes governing the Indus River basin, the Ganges River basin, and the Kosi, Gandaki, and Mahakali river basins. Each of these regimes is described in-depth, with special attention devoted to the main problems each of these treaties sought to address. The authors also review the treaty experience and offer observations on bilateralism and multilateralism.

This new guide to oil and gas trading aims to fill a gap not currently supplied by other reference books on sale-of-goods law and charters by focusing on the day-to-day realities of trading in the sector. It examines the way in which the oil and gas market operates in practice, taking note of real-life situations that can arise. Featured chapters are written by expert professionals who have hands-on experience of working in the oil and gas market and who can therefore describe to readers the issues to watch out for. Topics covered include international oil and gas trading contracts, trade finance, hedging, insurance, delivery, carriage, damages and even the effect of international oil and gas sanctions. Indeed, the guide contains a succinct account of all the main legal and practical areas that are relevant to trading in the sector. The publication will be of relevance and interest to all those involved in oil and gas trading.

Forests play an important role in resolving global challenges such as sustainable development, climate change, biodiversity loss, and food and water security. Stopping deforestation is crucial for the future of our planet. Global efforts to curb deforestation, have been partially successful, but have largely fallen short. At the same time, national level efforts to support human development, reflected in the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals, aim to increase the welfare and wellbeing of populations living in poverty. Meeting these development goals will inevitably have crosscutting effects on initiatives to address deforestation. In balancing these goals, policy makers are confronted with wicked problems - or problems where there are moral considerations and where limited information is available for policy makers. This book is focused on how wicked forest policy problems have been, and can be, addressed.

Early in the twentieth century, for-profit companies such as Duke Power and South Carolina Electric and Gas brought electricity to populous cities and towns across South Carolina, while rural areas remained in the dark. It was not until the advent of publicly owned electric cooperatives in the 1930s that the South Carolina countryside was gradually introduced to the conveniences of life with electricity. Today, electric cooperatives serve more than a quarter of South Carolina's citizens and more than seventy percent of the state's land area, bringing not only power but also high-speed broadband to rural communities.The rise of "public" power-electricity serviced by member-owned cooperatives and sanctioned by federal and state legislation-is a complicated saga encompassing politics, law, finance, and rural economic development. Empowering Communities examines how the cooperatives helped bring fundamental and transformational change to the lives of rural people in South Carolina, from light to broadband. James E. Clyburn, the majority whip of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina, provides a foreword.

The right to sanitation has been recognised in India for more than two decades, and progressively integrated into the international human rights law framework since the beginning of the century. The recognition of the right itself is not a matter for debate in India since courts have repeatedly affirmed its existence as a right deriving from the fundamental right to life. Key issues arise in the context of conceptualisation and realisation of the right and relate to the existence and/or the scope of a law and policy framework for the realisation of the right to sanitation for all, the scope of the right, the links with other rights such as health and gender equality, as well as issues of specific relevance in the Indian context, such as manual scavenging, and more generally, caste-based discrimination and exploitation linked to sanitation work. In a context where sanitation challenges are more severe in India than in many other countries, this book represents the first effort to conceptually engage with the right to sanitation and its multiple dimensions in India. It also analyses the right to sanitation in India in the broader international and comparative setting.

With the inclusion of access to energy in the sustainable development goals, the role of energy to human existence was finally recognized. Yet, in Africa, this achievement is far from realized. Omorogbe and Ordor bring together experts in their fields to ask what is stalling progress, examining problems from institutions catering to vested interests at the continent's expense, to a need to develop vigorous financial and fiscal frameworks. The ramifications and complications of energy law are labyrinthine: this volume discusses how energy deficits can burden disabled people, women, and children in excess of their more fortunate counterparts, as well as considering environmental issues, including the delicate balance between the necessity of water for drinking and cleaning and the use of water in industrial processes. A pivotal work of scholarship, the book poses pressing questions for energy law and international human rights.

The downturn in the oil commodity price starting in 2014 had a chilling effect on oil and gas M&A. However, recent price stabilisation has improved the outlook for M&A activity, making a second edition of this book most timely. A feature of the M&A industry has always been its variety of participants, ranging from integrated energy conglomerates to entrepreneurial frontier explorers. New entrants include state-owned oil companies, financial investors, diversifying service contractors and oil traders. With the growth of specialist stock markets, junior and independent oil companies are better able to raise acquisition finance than ever before, and companies specialising in end-of-life reservoirs are filling the spaces left as oil majors go in search of new opportunities. Transaction types are also diverse and are completed using a variety of different deal structures. As well as providing chapters on each type of acquisition method, this book also includes an analysis of the underlying structuring decisions. In addition, this practical guide covers a number of ancillary areas, including valuations, financing, tax and accounting. Decommissioning liability is also considered in an M&A context. A number of new chapters are also featured, covering topics such as competition law, environmental law and dealing with material adverse changes. This comprehensive new edition will prove an essential resource to anyone involved in the upstream industry M&A process including lawyers, bankers, financiers, business executives, accountants and tax advisers.

First published in 2011, Water Law in India is the only book to offer a comprehensive survey of the legal instruments concerning water in India. It presents a variety of national and state-level instruments that make up the complex and diverse field of water law and policy. This book fills a critical gap in the study of water law, providing a rich reference point for the entire gamut of legal mechanisms available in India. This edition has been extensively revised to include new instruments on water regulation, such as the draft National Water Framework Bill, 2016, and the Model Groundwater (Sustainable Management) Act, 2016; new water-related instruments in such varied fields as criminal law, land acquisition law, and rural employment legislation; and a chapter on international legal instruments. Chapters on drinking water supply, environmental dimensions of water conservation, water infrastructure for irrigation and flood control, groundwater regulation, and institutions catering to water have been thoroughly updated for a complete coverage of water law.

The production of oil and natural gas in the United States has increased rapidly over the past decade. As of 2014, domestic production of crude oil had grown to about half of total consumption, and domestic production of natural gas represented almost 95 percent of total consumption. Domestic oil and gas production occurring on federal lands or in federal waters off the coast of the United States represented about one-fifth of total U.S. production in 2014. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) projects crude oil prices to average in the lower to upper $50 per barrel range through 2015. This lower price, if sustained, may impact long term oil development and lower production volumes. This book focuses on issues and options for federal income from crude oil and natural gas. It discusses potential budgetary effects of immediately opening most federal lands to oil and gas leasing, reviews U.S. crude oil and natural gas production in federal and non-federal areas, and provides a legal framework for offshore oil and gas development.

Intellectual property has always played a key role supporting the protection and exploitation of technology and brands of businesses operating in the energy sector. The management of IP is arguably more important than ever as we transition to more renewable energy sources and reduced emissions, and see an energy market increasingly disrupted by start-ups challenging the dominance of the traditional oil and gas majors. This Special Report looks at the challenges and opportunities that intellectual property issues present for different areas of this broad and rapidly changing sector, including: Upstream: exploration and production of hydrocarbons across the full lifecycle of oil and gas fields. Downstream: oil and gas processing technology and resulting differentiated fuel and lubricant products. Renewables: a look at the role of IP in supporting renewables businesses, with a spotlight on a solar start-up. Digitalisation: the transformational impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning on the sector as a whole and how IP rights underpin this. Standard Essential Patents: how patents on wireless interoperability, at one time solely the domain of the telecoms industry, are increasingly applicable in the energy sector, and the licensing challenges this raises. Brand and reputation: how energy businesses seek to protect and exploit their brands and reputations as well as their technology, in order to differentiate themselves in an intensely competitive market. This report is essential reading for legal advisers and anyone in a commercial role dealing with the energy sector who is seeking a deeper understanding of the vital role intellectual property plays in shaping and achieving business objectives.

The Association of International Petroleum Negotiators (AIPN) model form joint operating agreement (JOA) was first issued in 1990 and has undergone a number of subsequent revisions. It is the most widely-used (although not always the most liked) joint operating agreement in international conventional oil and gas projects today. This book offers a pragmatic, detailed clause-by-clause review of the most recent (2012) version of the conventional petroleum AIPN JOA. Each clause is analysed in depth by reference to: (1) a statement of what the clause says; (2) a summary of the intended meaning of the clause; and (3) observations on how the clause tends to be modified in practice and might be improved. The book also analyses the major appendices of the AIPN JOA, including the accounting procedure and the lifting procedures. This book is written by experienced practitioners who together have many years of knowledge and understanding in redrafting, negotiating and applying the AIPN JOA. It will be invaluable to legal representatives, financiers, commercial managers, operational personnel and government parties who are dealing with the AIPN JOA, whether for the first time or from a position of relative familiarity.

Analyses and critiques the key regulatory and commercial dimensions of the oil and gas industryIn recent years, a great deal has changed in the oil and gas industry, from legal and regulatory change to falling oil prices. The contemporary oil and gas industry is now intensely focussed on cost-saving and the UK has radical redrawn its revenue-raising expectations.This updated third edition has been published in two volumes: this volume focuses on commercial and contract law issues, while the other deals with resource management and regulatory law. The twin volumes bring together academic and practising lawyers, mainly based in Aberdeen, Europe's Energy Capital, to consider the key regulatory and commercial dimensions of an ever-changing hydrocarbon province.New for this editionSignificantly revised to take account of new case law relevant to default provisions and contractual interpretationA significantly expanded treatment of upstream commercial issues, including new chapters on the LOGIC contracts and Drilling contractsAdditional midstream and downstream content, including new chapters by industry experts on transportation and oil sales agreementsContributorsJudith Aldersey-Williams, Partner, CMS, Nabarro and Olswang, Aberdeen.James Cowie, Trainee Solicitor, Jones Day, Aberdeen.Greg Gordon, Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Aberdeen.Luke Havemann, Senior Associate, Bowmans Oil & Gas Team in Cape Town, South Africa.Tina Hunter, Professor of Law, University of Aberdeen.Alexander Kemp, Schlumberger Professor of Petroleum Economics, University of Aberdeen.Steven Latta, Assistant Head of Transnational Education, Glasgow Caledonian University.John Paterson, Professor of Law and Vice Principal for Internationalisation, University of Aberdeen.Claire Ralph, Head of Tax, Falklands Island Government; formerly Oil and Gas UK and HM Treasury.Uisdean Vass, Senior Counsel, Womble Bond Dickinson, Aberdeen.Emre Uenmez, Lecturer in Law, University of Aberdeen.Constantinos Yiallourides, Teaching Fellow, University of Aberdeen.

This collection invites environmental law scholars to reflect on what it means to be an environmental law scholar and to consider how and why environmental law scholars engage in environmental law scholarship. Leading environmental law scholars from different backgrounds and jurisdictions offer their personal reflections on the nature, form, quality and challenges of environmental law scholarship. The collection offers the first honest introspection on what environmental law scholarship is and is not. It considers the unique contributions of environmental law scholarship to legal scholarship more generally, reflecting on what sets environmental law scholarship apart from other disciplines of legal scholarship and the challenges arising from these differences.

Over the past decade, upstream activities have increased significantly in Brazil. However, companies that succeed in finding oil or gas are faced with a myriad of questions to consider. Can they export their hydrocarbons? Do they have the necessary infrastructure in place? Do they need to build this? If so, how? Can they refine their products in Brazil? What is the market for those products? What regulation is involved? How can they reach the final consumer in the petrol station? This practical new handbook aims to provide the answers to each of these questions. A companion to Brazilian Upstream Oil and Gas, the book features chapters by highly respected Brazilian and international professionals, including experts from Baker Botts, Pinheiro Neto, Vieira Rezende, Veirano Advogados and Machado Meyer. Their insights offer reliable guidance for international investors - and the lawyers assisting them - when considering investment in Brazil, particularly for those who are unfamiliar with the country's legal system. In combination with Brazilian Upstream Oil and Gas, this book will provide essential knowledge for any reader in understanding petroleum law and regulation in Brazil, from the field to the petrol station.

The Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) is the most widely used host government contract in the oil and gas industry, and is becoming the leading choice for most countries in their relationship with International Oil Companies (IOCs). However, there are many jurisdictional variations, and being aware of and understanding these is crucial for oil and gas practitioners working in this space. This title is the first comparative treatment of this topic and provides a comprehensive, in-depth overview of Production Sharing Agreements in key oil and gas jurisdictions around the world. It offers a rich, critical analysis and evaluation, and features contributions from an international group of leading experts and academics who address the legal, economic and political aspects of PSAs. It also provides guidance on key recent developments by looking at jurisdictions' overall regulatory framework and their relationship with the PSA. This edition covers jurisdictions worldwide, including: *Brazil; *Indonesia; *Kazakhstan; *Nigeria; and *Russia Production Sharing Agreements: A Global Legal Handbook will be of interest to practitioners, academics and anyone who is involved in these contracts. It provides readers with a clear understanding of PSAs in different jurisdictions, and a variety of practical recommendations and takeaways.

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is increasingly viewed as one of the most significant ways of dealing with greenhouse gas emissions. Critical to realising its potential will be the design of effective legal regimes at national and international level that can handle the challenges raised but without stifling a new technology of potential great public benefit. These include: long-term liability for storage; regulation of transport; the treatment of stored carbon under emissions trading regimes; issues of property ownership; and, increasingly, the sensitivities of handling the public engagement and perception. Following its publication in 2011, Carbon Capture and Storage quickly became required reading for all those interested in, or engaged by, the need to implement regulatory approaches to CCS. The intervening years have seen significant developments globally. Earlier legislative models are now in force, providing important lessons for future legal design. Despite these developments, the growth of the technology has been slower in some jurisdictions than others. This timely new edition will update and critically assess these updates and provide context for the development of CCS in 2018 and beyond.