This multimedia eBook establishes a solid foundation in the essential principles of how signals interact with transmission lines, how the physical design of interconnects affects transmission line properties, and how to interpret single-ended and differential time domain reflection (TDR) measurements to extract important figures of merits and avoid common mistakes. This book presents an intuitive understanding of transmission lines. Instructional videos are provided in every chapter that cover important aspects of the interconnect design and characterization process. This video eBook helps establish foundations for designing and characterizing the electrical properties of interconnects to explain in a simplified way how signals propagate and interact with interconnects and how the physical design of transmission structures will impact performance. Never be intimidated by impedance or differential pairs again.

Photoemission (also known as photoelectron) spectroscopy refers to the process in which an electron is removed from a specimen after the atomic absorption of a photon. The first evidence of this phenomenon dates back to 1887 but it was not until 1905 that Einstein offered an explanation of this effect, which is now referred to as ""the photoelectric effect"". Quantitative Core Level Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A Primer tackles the pragmatic aspects of the photoemission process with the aim of introducing the reader to the concepts and instrumentation that emerge from an experimental approach. The basic elements implemented for the technique are discussed and the geometry of the instrumentation is explained. The book covers each of the features that have been observed in the X-ray photoemission spectra and provides the tools necessary for their understanding and correct identification. Charging effects are covered in the penultimate chapter with the final chapter bringing closure to the basic uses of the X-ray photoemission process, as well as guiding the reader through some of the most popular applications used in current research.

This book conveys the theoretical and experimental basics of a well-founded measurement technique in the areas of high DC, AC and surge voltages as well as the corresponding high currents. Additional chapters explain the acquisition of partial discharges and the electrical measured variables. Equipment exposed to very high voltages and currents is used for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. They are therefore tested for reliability before commissioning using standardized and future test and measurement procedures. Therefore, the book also covers procedures for calibrating measurement systems and determining measurement uncertainties, and the current state of measurement technology with electro-optical and magneto-optical sensors is discussed.

Formed of papers presented at the 20th International Conference on Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements, this volume provides a view of the latest work on the interaction between computational methods and experiments. The continuous improvement in computer efficiency, coupled with diminishing costs and the rapid development of numerical procedures have generated an ever-increasing expansion of computational simulations that permeate all fields of science and technology. As these procedures continue to grow in magnitude and complexity, it is essential to validate their results to be certain of their reliability. This can be achieved by performing dedicated and accurate experiments, which have undergone constant and enormous development. At the same time, current experimental techniques have become more complex and sophisticated so that they require the intensive use of computers, both for running experiments as well as acquiring and processing the resulting data. Some of the subject areas covered are: Fluid flow studies and experiments; Structural and stress analysis; Materials characterization; Electromagnetic problems; Structural integrity; Destructive and non-destructive testing; Heat transfer and thermal processes; Advances in computational methods; Automotive applications; Aerospace applications; Ocean engineering and marine structures; Fluid structure interaction; Bio-electromagnetics; Process simulations; Environmental monitoring, modelling and applications; Validation of computer modelling; Data and signal processing; Virtual testing and verification; Electromagnetic compatibility; Life cycle assessment.

This book describes modern focused ion beam microscopes and techniques and how they can be used to aid materials metrology and as tools for the fabrication of devices that in turn are used in many other aspects of fundamental metrology. Beginning with a description of the currently available instruments including the new addition to the field of plasma-based sources, it then gives an overview of ion solid interactions and how the different types of instrument can be applied. Chapters then describe how these machines can be applied to the field of materials science and device fabrication giving examples of recent and current activity in both these areas.

Measurement is an essential activity in every branch of technology and science, the fourth edition of this successful text has been extensively extended and updated to include new developments in measurement devices and technology. Principles of Measurement Systems, 4/e provides a coherent and integrated approach to the topic, covering the main techniques and devices used, together with relevant theory applications, for both mechanical and electronic systems.

Written by an interdisciplinary group of experts from both industry and academia, Acoustic Wave Sensors provides an in-depth look at the current state of acoustic wave devices and the scope of their use in chemical, biochemical, and physical measurements, as well as in engineering applications. Because of the inherent interdisciplinary applications of these devices, this book will be useful for the chemist and biochemist interested in the use and development ofthese sensors for specific applications; the electrical engineer involved in the design and improvement of these devices; the chemical engineer and the biotechnologist interested in using these devices for process monitoring and control; and the sensor community at large.
Key Features
* Provides in-depth comparison and analyses of different types of acoustic wave devices
* Discusses operating principles and design considerations
* Includes table of relevant material constants for quick reference
* Presents an extensive review of current uses of these devices for chemical, biochemical, and physical measurements, and engineering applications

This book comprehensively and systematically introduces readers to the theories, structures, performance and applications of non-driven mechanical and non-driven micromechanical gyroscopes. The book is divided into three parts, the first of which mainly addresses mathematic models, precision, performance and operating error in non-driven mechanical gyroscopes. The second part focuses on the operating theory, error, phase shift and performance experiments involving non-driven micromechanical gyroscopes in rotating flight carriers, while the third part shares insights into the application of non-driven micromechanical gyroscopes in control systems for rotating flight carriers. The book offers a unique resource for all researchers and engineers who are interested in the use of inertial devices and automatic control systems for rotating flight carriers. It can also serve as a reference book for undergraduates, graduates and instructors in related fields at colleges and universities.

This book provides an overview of modern sensing technologies and reflects the remarkable advances that have been made in the field of intelligent and smart sensors, environmental monitoring, health monitoring, and many other sensing and monitoring contexts in today's world. It addresses a broad range of aspects, from human health monitoring to the monitoring of environmental conditions, from wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things to structural health monitoring. Given its breadth of scope, the book will benefit researchers, practitioners, technologists and graduate students involved in the monitoring of systems within the human body, functions and activities, healthcare technologies and services, the environment, etc.

This text, the first of its kind, delivers a systematically organized introduction to the theory and practice of yield prediction. The book addresses the economic need for accurate yield prediction, and clarifies the important role it plays in the semiconductor industry.

The emphasis of this textbook is on industrial applications of Statistical Measurement Theory. It deals with the principal issues of measurement theory, is concise and intelligibly written, and to a wide extent self-contained. Difficult theoretical issues are separated from the mainstream presentation. Each topic starts with an informal introduction followed by an example, the rigorous problem formulation, solution method, and a detailed numerical solution. Each chapter concludes with a set of exercises of increasing difficulty, mostly with solutions. The book is meant as a text for graduate students and a reference for researchers and industrial experts specializing in measurement and measurement data analysis for quality control, quality engineering and industrial process improvement using statistical methods. Knowledge of calculus and fundamental probability and statistics is required for the understanding of its contents.

Accurate Visual Metrology from Single and Multiple Uncalibrated Images presents novel techniques for constructing three-dimensional models from bi-dimensional images using virtual reality tools. Antonio Criminisi develops the mathematical theory of computing world measurements from single images, and builds up a hierarchy of novel, flexible techniques to make measurements and reconstruct three-dimensional scenes from uncalibrated images, paying particular attention to the accuracy of the reconstruction.
This book includes examples of interesting viable applications (eg. Forensic Science, History of Art, Virtual Reality, Architectural and indoor measurements), presented in a simple way, accompanied by pictures, diagrams and plenty of worked examples to help the reader understand and implement the algorithms.

The objective of this book is to give well-grounded methods for estimation of the uncertainly of measurement results. Starting from the basics of metrology, the book studies this subject in detail, from theoretical analysis all the way to concrete practical recommendations in areas ranging from single measurements in industry, trade, etc. to multiple measurements in experimental sciences. The book derives these recommendations by systematic development of the measurement accuracy theory. An important aspect of this book is that it develops the theory from the strong practical perspective, by giving priority to the physical essence of the problems and paying special attention to properties of measuring instruments and their influence on the uncertainty of measurements. The book also presents basics on characterization, standardization and calibration of measuring instruments as well as methods for calculating limits of errors of measuring instruments. All recommendations are illustrated by detailed examples from measurements of both electrical and mechanical quantities.

This book contains a number of problems with signal detection theory. A generalized observation model for signal detection problems, is presented. The model includes several interesting and common special cases such as those describing additive noise, multiplicative noise, and signal-dependent noise. This model can also describe composite signals in addition to the usual known (deterministic) signals and random (stochastic) signals. Locally optimum (LO) and locally optimum rank (LOR) detectors for known and random signals in the model, are discussed, and original results are obtained. Other approaches to detection of signals also are discussed.

There is an increasing demand for dynamic systems to become safer, more reliable and more economical in operation. This requirement extends beyond the normally accepted safety-critical systems e.g., nuclear reactors, aircraft and many chemical processes, to systems such as autonomous vehicles and some process control systems where the system availability is vital. The field of fault diagnosis for dynamic systems (including fault detection and isolation) has become an important topic of research. Many applications of qualitative and quantitative modelling, statistical processing and neural networks are now being planned and developed in complex engineering systems. Issues of Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems has been prepared by experts in fault detection and isolation (FDI) and fault diagnosis with wide ranging experience.Subjects featured include: - Real plant application studies; - Non-linear observer methods; - Robust approaches to FDI; - The use of parity equations; - Statistical process monitoring; - Qualitative modelling for diagnosis; - Parameter estimation approaches to FDI; - Fault diagnosis for descriptor systems; - FDI in inertial navigation; - Stuctured approaches to FDI; - Change detection methods; - Bio-medical studies. Researchers and industrial experts will appreciate the combination of practical issues and mathematical theory with many examples. Control engineers will profit from the application studies.