This monograph presents a variety of techniques that can be used for designing robust fault diagnosis schemes for non-linear systems. The introductory part of the book is of a tutorial value and can be perceived as a good starting point for the new-comers to this field. Subsequently, advanced robust observer structures are presented. Parameter estimation based techniques are discussed as well. A particular attention is drawn to experimental design for fault diagnosis. The book also presents a number of robust soft computing approaches utilizing evolutionary algorithms and neural networks. All approaches described in this book are illustrated by practical applications.

Hybrid Simulation deals with a rapidly evolving technology combining computer simulation (typically finite element) and physical laboratory testing of two complementary substructures. It is a cost effective alternative to shaking table test, and allows for the improved understanding of complex coupled systems. Traditionally, numerical simulation and physical tests have been uncoupled and performed separately. In this simulation paradigm the coupled nature of the simulation allows for improved understanding, and more efficient design since the factor of safety does not have to be arbitrarily inflated to account for uncertainties of uncoupling. It is a multidisciplinary technology which relies heavily on control theory, computer science, numerical techniques and finds applications in aerospace, civil, and mechanical engineering.

This book is written by the world leading experts in nanotechnology. It examines the manufacture of integrated circuits and opto-electronic devices and the systems required to achieve accuracy in the nanometre range. Nanotechnology is essential in the fabrication of extremely precise and fine parts. This technology is vital to the advances being made in various high-tech processes. This highly topical work will therefore be an essential source of reference for academic and industrial research and research workers particularly in high-technology and precision industries.

"Engineering Measurements - Methods and Intrinsic Errors" provides a valuable insight into the equipment and methods generally used in taking measurements, and helps engineers avoid or minimize the inaccuracies that can arise even when using highly accurate instruments. Many of the commonly used measurement methods are described, together with their pitfalls and problems. The authors also incorporate plenty of useful, practical examples.

Although there are a number of very good texts already available on the subject of engineering measurements, most are quite theoretical and few are written by practising engineers in industry. Those written by industrialists often concentrate only on their specific subject area. There does not appear to be a general text covering theoretical and practical aspects of engineering measurements, and in particular covering the areas of errors and pitfalls associated with taking these measurements. This book is designed to fill the gap, and incorporates knowledge obtained from years of practical experience in industry and R&D by the authors and the various contributors.

"Engineering Measurements - Methods and Intrinsic Errors" is highly readable, practical, and comprehensive. Any engineer involved in measurement, whether in manufacturing and process control, development, troubleshooting, or research, will find this guide a helpful everyday tool.

This book conveys the theoretical and experimental basics of a well-founded measurement technique in the areas of high DC, AC and surge voltages as well as the corresponding high currents. Additional chapters explain the acquisition of partial discharges and the electrical measured variables. Equipment exposed to very high voltages and currents is used for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. They are therefore tested for reliability before commissioning using standardized and future test and measurement procedures. Therefore, the book also covers procedures for calibrating measurement systems and determining measurement uncertainties, and the current state of measurement technology with electro-optical and magneto-optical sensors is discussed.

This second edition of a unique text/reference identifies the appearance attributes of objects and the methods available for measuring them, bringing together much material not previously organized for ready reference. The primary premise here is that ``object appearance'' involves not only color, but such attributes as gloss, luster, and translucency. The first part of the book, concerned with nature of appearance, draws from the fields of physiology and psychology and considers the eye-brain combination and the way it receives and interprets light signals. This is followed by a consideration of the optical properties of objects from the physical standpoint. The second part of the book deals with the numerical scales used to measure object appearance. The discussion here draws on psychophysics in describing the uses of physical techniques to give numbers having psychological significance. The third part of the book covers instruments for the measurement of the attributes of object appearance, their principles of design, and a survey of the major ones in use. The final chapter discusses specific applications of appearance measurement. Includes appendixes and a glossary.

This comprehensive and authoritative dictionary provides clear definitions of units, prefixes, and styles of weights and measures within the Système International (SI), as well as traditional, and industry-specific units. It also includes general historical and scientific background, covering the development of the sequential definitions and sizing of units. This new reference work will prove invaluable to professional scientists, engineers, technicians as well as to students and the general user.

Instrumentation (the choice and use of sensors and the processing of signals from them) is a subject of fundamental importance to engineering, science, and medicine. From the student undertaking a laboratory investigation to the operators of a nuclear power plant or medical equipment, accurate measurements are an essential pre-requisite to the understanding and control of all physical processes. This is a practical, concise, and up-to-date book covering data acquisition and analysis in an integrated fashion.

Fundamental measurement problems in engineering, mechanics, manufacturing, and physics are now being solved by powerful optical methods. This book presents a lucid, up-to-date discussion of these optical methods. Beginning from a firm base in modern optics, the book proceeds through relevant theory of interference and diffraction and integrates this theory with descriptions of laboratory techniques and apparatus. Among the techniques discussed are classical interferometry, photoelasticity, geometric moire, spatial filtering, moire interferometry, holography, holographic interferometry, laser speckle interferometry, and video-based speckle methods. By providing a firm base in the physical principles and at the same time allowing the reader to perform meaningful experiments related to the topic being studied, the book offers a unique user-oriented approach that will appeal to students, researchers and practising engineers.

Dieses Buch vermittelt geballtes Wissen zur Halbleiter-SchaltungstechnikSeit nunmehr 50 Jahren ist dieses Buch uber die Schaltungstechnik auf dem Markt, doch in die Jahre gekommen ist es noch lange nicht. Auch die 16. Auflage wurde von den Verfassern intensiv uberarbeitet und erweitert und stellt dem Leser viele wichtige Themen der Halbleiter-Schaltungstechnik vor, darunter eine Einfuhrung in die Digitaltechnik, Anwendungsmoeglichkeiten in Bauelementen und Schaltungen der Nachrichtentechnik. Inhalte richten sich Praktiker und Studierende Von den Inhalten dieses Buchs uber die Schaltungstechnik profitieren sowohl Studenten als auch Ingenieure. Samtliche Kapitel wurden entsprechend der neuesten technischen Entwicklungen uberarbeitet. Es vermittelt Grundlagenwissen aber auch tiefergehende Informationen.

Reiner Thiele zeigt mit den singularen Loesungen spezieller Riccati-Differenzialgleichungen (DGL) den Entwurf zugehoeriger Riccati-Messsysteme (RMS), appliziert in Faraday-Effekt-Stromsensoren. Diese Loesungen sind durch einen linearen Zusammenhang zwischen Messgroesse und Messwert gekennzeichnet und deshalb sehr gut zur Anwendung in RMS geeignet. Wegen der Einfachheit der analogen Realisierungen mit Operationsverstarkern (OPV) gibt der Autor ihnen den Vorzug gegenuber aufwendigen digitalen Varianten.

The Second Edition of this best-selling academic guide to irrigation design has been completely rewritten so you can understand it easily. Created for the irrigation designer and installer, as well as students, Simplified Irrigation Design clearly explains irrigation design and related hydraulics, without the need for interpretation by teachers. Each chapter builds on the other, presenting all the fundamentals of irrigation design before getting into the more complicated aspects of irrigation, such as:

• basic hydraulics
• pipe sizing
• friction loss calculations
• determining water pressure.

• Methods of conserving water to help you anticipate your clients’ environmental concerns
• Computerized methods for managing labor and irrigation systems that will help you save money on labor and water costs
• Metric values for every Imperial (U.S.) measurement, enabling you to meet federal metric guidelines and better communicate with an international audience.

Luftschall uberstreicht nicht nur den Bereich menschlicher Sprachkommunikation, sondern belegt als Infraschall und Ultraschall Bereiche, die auch intensiv technisch oder medizinisch genutzt werden. Diese Nutzung setzt die Kenntnis seiner Eigenschaften voraus, die mit dem zeitlichen und raumlichenVerlauf der Druckanderungen im Schallfeld beschrieben werden koennen. Fur die Wandlung der Schallparameter in registrierbare Werte stehen verschiedene Moeglichkeiten zur Verfugung. Die Umsetzung in elektrische Spannungen mit Mikrofonen steht dabei weit an der Spitze. Je nach erforderlicher Genauigkeit werden hierbei Konstruktionen auf unterschiedlicher Basis verwendet. Dieser Band befasst sich mit den Eigenschaften und Moeglichkeiten der verschiedenen Loesungen, den damit verbundenen Grenzen der Schallgroessenerfassung sowie einem Ausblick auf zukunftige Entwicklungen.

In diesem Band der Reihe Fachwissen Technische Akustik werden passive und aktive hydroakustische Messsysteme und -verfahren vorgestellt, die fur Wasserschallmessungen im Meer verwendet werden. Auch wenn viele Verfahren aus dem Bereich des Luftschalls grundsatzlich auf Wasserschall ubertragbar sind, so ergeben sich aufgrund der akustischen Eigenschaften des Meeres und der begrenzenden Flachen (Meeresboden und -oberflache) sowie der spezifischen Eigenschaften der hydroakustischen Messtechnik doch signifikante Unterschiede. Nach einer Einfuhrung in die fur Wasserschallmessungen gebrauchlichen Mess- und (spektralen) Pegelgroessen und die Grundlagen der hydroakustischen Sensorik wird ein UEberblick uber die meeresakustischen Randbedingungen gegeben. Fur jede Wasserschallmessung ist die Kenntnis der Schallausbreitungsbedingungen und der Umgebungsgerausche im Meer von zentraler Bedeutung. Anhand von zwei typischen Messaufgaben, der Bestimmung des Quell- oder Zielpegels eines Schiffes und der von Rammschall bei der Errichtung von Offshore-Windenergieanlagen, werden dann unterschiedliche stationare und driftende Sensorsysteme im Detail vorgestellt. Anschliessend wird auf die Vor- und Nachteile von geschleppten Sensorsystemen, wie der horizontalen Richtungsbildung und dem stroemungsinduzierten Eigenstoergerausch, naher eingegangen. Im letzten Abschnitt dieses Kapitels werden aktive Verfahren und Systeme behandelt, die bei Untersuchungen des Meeresbodens, der Schallausbreitung im Meer und der Ruckstreu- und Absorptionseigenschaften getauchter Objekte sowie bei der Kalibrierung von hydroakustischen Antennen Verwendung finden.

This book makes life easier for those developing a computerized experiment. It is full of information to enable scientists and engineers to find their way through the many computing and electronics topics associated with computerized measurement. It draws together the knowledge of several fields in an easy to understand manner, and comes complete with a disk containing all the many useful examples of software and other information listed in the text.

Die Forschung und Anwendungsentwicklung in dem Bereich chemischer und biochemischer Sensoren ist weiterhin in einem schnellen Wachstum begriffen. Die Erfahrungen des letzten Jahrzehnts haben jedoch gezeigt, dass die erfolgreiche Entwicklung solcher Sensoren, die auch den harten Routinebedingungen in den vielfaltigen Anwendungsgebieten widerstehen, nur dann moglich ist, wenn Chemiker und Ingenieure kooperieren. Daher ist es das Ziel dieses Lehrbuches, sowohl Chemikern als auch Ingenieuren, Lebensmittel- und Biotechnologenin einer streng systematischen aber sehr praxisorientierten Darstellung die Technologie und die Anwendung chemischer Sensoren nahezubringen.

Der interdisziplinare Ansatz uberbruckt die unterschiedlichen Denkweisen in Chemie, Physik und Ingenieurwissenschaften erfolgreich."