In the past decades, the scan rate range of calorimeters has been extended tremendously at the high end, from approximately 10 up to 10 000 000 DegreesC/s and more. The combination of various calorimeters and the newly-developed Fast Scanning Calorimeters (FSC) now span 11 orders of magnitude, by which many processes can be mimicked according to the time scale(s) of chemical and physical transitions occurring during cooling, heating and isothermal stays in case heat is exchanged. This not only opens new areas of research on polymers, metals, pharmaceuticals and all kinds of substances with respect to glass transition, crystallization and melting phenomena, it also enables in-depth study of metastability and reorganization of samples on an 1 to 1000 ng scale. In addition, FSC will become a crucial tool for understanding and optimization of processing methods at high speeds like injection molding. The book resembles the state-of-the art in Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry and is an excellent starting point for both experts and newcomers in the field.

The laws of thermodynamics have wide ranging practical applications in all branches of engineering.This invaluable textbook covers all the subject matter in a typical undergraduate course in engineering thermodynamics, and uses carefully chosen worked examples and problems to expose students to diverse applications of thermodynamics.This new edition has been revised and updated to include two new chapters on thermodynamic property relations, and the statistical interpretation of entropy. Problems with numerical answers are included at the end of each chapter. As a guide, instructors can use the examples and problems in tutorials, quizzes and examinations.

The laws of thermodynamics have wide ranging practical applications in all branches of engineering.This invaluable textbook covers all the subject matter in a typical undergraduate course in engineering thermodynamics, and uses carefully chosen worked examples and problems to expose students to diverse applications of thermodynamics.This new edition has been revised and updated to include two new chapters on thermodynamic property relations, and the statistical interpretation of entropy. Problems with numerical answers are included at the end of each chapter. As a guide, instructors can use the examples and problems in tutorials, quizzes and examinations.

Kjelstrup, Bedeaux, Johannessen, and Gross describe what non-equilibrium thermodynamics is in a simple and practical way and how it can add to engineering design. They explain how to describe proper equations of transport that are more precise than those used so far, and how to use them to understand the waste of energy resources in central process units in the industry. The authors introduce the entropy balance as an additional equation to use in engineering; to create consistent thermodynamic models, and to systematically minimize energy losses that are connected with the transport of heat, mass, charge and momentum.Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics for Engineers teaches the essence of non-equilibrium thermodynamics and its applications at a level comprehensible to engineering students, practitioner engineers, and scientists working on industrial problems. The book may be used as a textbook in basic engineering curricula or graduate courses.

HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers: Fundamentals, Application, and Operation, Second Edition explores the major improvements in recent years to many chiller and cooling tower components that have resulted in improved performance and lower operating costs. This new edition looks at how climate change and "green" designs have significantly impacted the selection of refrigerants and the application of chilled water systems. It also discusses the expanded use of digital controls and variable frequency drives as well as the re-introduction of some older technologies, especially ammonia-based absorption cooling. The first half of the book focuses on water chillers and the second half addresses cooling towers. In both sections, the author includes the following material: Fundamentals-basic information about systems and equipment, including how they and their various components work Design and Application-equipment sizing, selection, and application; details of piping, control, and water treatment; and special considerations such as noise control, electrical service, fire protection, and energy efficiency Operations and Maintenance-commissioning and programmed maintenance of components and systems, with guidelines and recommended specifications for procurement This up-to-date book provides HVAC designers, building owners, operating and maintenance staff, architects, and mechanical contractors with definitive and practical guidance on the application, design, purchase, operation, and maintenance of water chillers and cooling towers. It offers helpful information for you to use on a daily basis, including checklists and troubleshooting guidelines.

'Ben-Naim convincingly argues that SMI not only gives a simpler and more broadly applicable definition of entropy, but also clears up much of the historical and modern confusion surrounding the second law. This book will interest any individual who wants to understand how SMI gives a clear definition of entroy.'CHOICE ConnectThis book discusses the proper definitions of entropy, the valid interpretation of entropy and some useful applications of the concept of entropy. Unlike many books which apply the concept of entropy to systems for which it is not even defined (such as living systems, black holes and the entire universe), these applications will help the reader to understand the meaning of entropy. It also emphasizes the limitations of the applicability of the concept of entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. As with the previous books by the author, this book aims at a clear and mystery-free presentation of the central concept in thermodynamics - the entropy.In this book, the concepts of entropy and the Second Law are presented in a friendly, simple language. It is devoid of all kinds of fancy and pompous statements made by authors of popular science books who write on this subject.

'Ben-Naim convincingly argues that SMI not only gives a simpler and more broadly applicable definition of entropy, but also clears up much of the historical and modern confusion surrounding the second law. This book will interest any individual who wants to understand how SMI gives a clear definition of entroy.'CHOICE ConnectThis book discusses the proper definitions of entropy, the valid interpretation of entropy and some useful applications of the concept of entropy. Unlike many books which apply the concept of entropy to systems for which it is not even defined (such as living systems, black holes and the entire universe), these applications will help the reader to understand the meaning of entropy. It also emphasizes the limitations of the applicability of the concept of entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. As with the previous books by the author, this book aims at a clear and mystery-free presentation of the central concept in thermodynamics - the entropy.In this book, the concepts of entropy and the Second Law are presented in a friendly, simple language. It is devoid of all kinds of fancy and pompous statements made by authors of popular science books who write on this subject.

Slow sand filtration is credited with being the first drinking water treatment process utilised to improve the quality of water in both modern Europe and the USA. Within the last 10 years, there has been a renaissance of interest in the potential use of enhanced processes of slow sand filtration throughout the world, especially for small and rural communities, and it continues to be the primary treatment process for many major European cities. The book deals with the latest research developments in slow sand and alternative biological filtration processes for drinking water treatment, including advances in the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of the processes. In addition, progress in the techniques of operation and upgrading of the processes are described, with case studies from around the world. The principal themes of the book are: General overview; Removal of Natural Organic Matter (NOM), Biodegradable Organic Carbon (BOC) and Ozonation by-products; Biofilter media characteristics; Influence of process design variables and modifications; Modelling process performance; Pre-treatment applications; Operational experience and cleaning; and Upgrading treatment processes. The book also has an international perspective with case-studies from around the world.

This invaluable book reviews the state of the art of high temperature related problems pertaining to their utility, microstructure, mechanical properties, actual behavior in different environments, their protection by various kinds of coatings at high temperatures and a new concept of nanomaterials at high temperatures.The book begins with fundamentals of oxidation and corrosion. Various concepts relating to the modification or deterioration of mechanical properties when material is exposed to an aggressive environment compared to an inert environment or vacuum are also covered. Other chapters highlight the behavior of various advanced materials to high temperature conditions, an important high temperature effect called Active Element Effect, and many high temperature coatings and their behavior.Written by world-renowned authors in their own field, this book will be useful for professionals and academics in materials science and nanoscience.

Power generation from environmentally friendly sources has led to surging interest in thermoelectrics. There has been a move toward alternative thermoelectric materials with enhanced performance through materials and structures that utilize common and safer elements and alternative mechanistic approaches while increasing processing latitude and decreasing cost. This wide-ranging volume examines this progress and future prospects with the new technologies, ease of processing and cost as major considerations, and will benefit active researchers, students and others interested in cutting-edge work in thermoelectric materials. Innovative Thermoelectric Materials incorporates the contributions of a group of recognized experts in thermoelectric materials, many of whom were the first to introduce various materials systems into thermoelectric systems. The perspectives brought to this evolving subject will provide important insights on which those developing the field can build, and will inspire new research directions for the future.

Significantly revised and updated since its first publication in 1996, Absorption Chillers and Heat Pumps, Second Edition discusses the fundamental physics and major applications of absorption chillers. While the popularity of absorption chillers began to dwindle in the United States in the late 1990's, a shift towards sustainability, green buildings and the use of renewable energy has brought about a renewed interest in absorption heat pump technology. In contrast, absorption chillers captured a large market share in Asia in the same time frame due to relative costs of gas and electricity. In addition to providing an in-depth discussion of fundamental concepts related to absorption refrigeration technology, this book provides detailed modeling of a broad range of simple and advanced cycles as well as a discussion of applications. New to the Second Edition: Offers details on the ground-breaking Vapor Surfactant theory of mass transfer enhancement Presents extensively revised computer examples based on the latest version of EES (Engineering Equation Solver) software, including enhanced consistency and internal documentation Contains new LiBr/H2O property routines covering a broad range of temperature and the full range of concentration Utilizes new NH3/H2O helper functions in EES which significantly enhance ease of use Adds a new chapter on absorption technology applications Offers updated absorption fluid transport property information Absorption Chillers and Heat Pumps, Second Edition provides an updated and thorough discussion of the physics and applications of absorption chillers and heat pumps. An in-depth guide to evaluating and simulating absorption systems, this revised edition provides significantly increased consistency and clarity in both the text and the worked examples. The introduction of the vapor surfactant theory is a major new component of the book. This definitive work serves as a resource for both the newcomer and seasoned professional in the field.

This textbook offers an introduction to multiple, interdependent transport phenomena as they occur in various fields of physics and technology like transport of momentum, heat, and matter. These phenomena are found in a number of combined processes in the fields of chemical, food, biomedical, and environmental sciences. The book puts a special emphasis on numerical modeling of both purely diffusive mechanisms and macroscopic transport such as fluid dynamics, heat and mass convection. To favor the applicability of the various concepts, they are presented with a simplicity of exposure, and synthesis has been preferred with respect to completeness. The book includes more than 130 graphs and figures, to facilitate the understanding of the various topics. It also presents many modeling examples throughout the text, to control that the learned material is properly understood. There are some typos in the text. You can see the corrections here: http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/ErrataCorrige_v0.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1679320-p181107156

Analyzing the self-sufficient Danish island of Samso, this book explains sustainability through a bio-geophysical understanding of how to best use society's limited resources to achieve true sustainability. The method used derives from the thermodynamic function of exergy. By analyzing exergy flows and establishing a system for evaluating the energy and the materials used in a society, the author creates a platform for monitoring certain indicators of sustainability. These indicators inform readers about the actions that must be taken and the time frames for achieving sustainability goals. The exergy-based approach is an important tool for carrying out such an analysis because it Focuses on several key thermodynamic concepts and the usefulness of exergy analysis for evaluating sustainability Explains sustainability by implementing thermodynamic laws to societal consumption and the use of resources Discusses new methods that integrate energy and material fluxes and evaluates them against each other Provides direct indicators for finding the largest problems/obstacles and deciding where measures should be taken Includes instructions on how to establish an accounting system for evaluating the energy and the materials used in a society This book is aimed for professionals, researchers, and students working on nature conservation and environmental management projects related to sustainability.

This book is part of the series "Mathematics and Physics Applied to Science and Technology." It combines rigorous mathematics with general physical principles to model practical engineering systems with a detailed derivation and interpretation of results. The book presents the mathematical theory of partial differential equations and methods of solution satisfying initial and boundary conditions. It includes applications to acoustic, elastic, water, electromagnetic and other waves, to the diffusion of heat, mass and electricity, and to their interactions. The author covers simultaneously rigorous mathematics, general physical principles and engineering applications with practical interest. The book provides interpretation of results with the help of illustrations throughout and discusses similar phenomena, such as the diffusion of heat, electricity and mass. The book is intended for graduate students and engineers working with mathematical models and can be applied to problems in mechanical, aerospace, electrical and other branches of engineering.

This book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on Future Learning Aspects of Mechanical Engineering (FLAME 2018). The book gives an overview of recent developments in the field of thermal and fluid engineering, and covers theoretical and experimental fluid dynamics, numerical methods in heat transfer and fluid mechanics, different modes of heat transfer, multiphase transport and phase change, fluid machinery, turbo machinery, and fluid power. The book is primarily intended for researchers and professionals working in the field of fluid dynamics and thermal engineering.

This book is devoted to studies of unsteady heat and mass exchange processes taking into account thermochemical destruction of thermal protective materials, research of transpiration cooling systems, thermal protection of composite materials exposed to low-energy disturbances, as well as the numerical solution of heat and mass transfer of the exchange. It proposes several mathematical models of passive and active thermal protection systems with regard to factors such as surface ablation, surface roughness, phase transition of a liquid in porous materials, rotation of the body around its longitudinal axis, and exposure to low-energy disturbances. The author studies the possibilities to control thermochemical destruction and heat mass exchange processes in transpiration cooling systems exposed to low-energy disturbances. The numerical analysis of the heat and mass exchange process in carbon plastics under repeated impulse action is also presented. The numerical solutions of problems are compared with the known experimental data. The book is intended for specialists in the field of thermal protection and heat mass exchange, as well as graduate and undergraduates in physics and mathematics.

This book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advancements in Mechanical Engineering (ICRAME 2020). It provides a comprehensive overview of the various technical challenges faced, their systematic investigation, contemporary developments, and future perspectives in the domain of mechanical engineering. The book covers a wide array of topics including fluid flow techniques, compressible flows, waste management and waste disposal, bio-fuels, renewable energy, cryogenic applications, computing in applied mechanics, product design, dynamics and control of structures, fracture and failure mechanics, solid mechanics, finite element analysis, tribology, nano-mechanics and MEMS, robotics, supply chain management and logistics, intelligent manufacturing system, rapid prototyping and reverse engineering, quality control and reliability, conventional and non-conventional machining, and ergonomics. This book can be useful for students and researchers interested in mechanical engineering and its allied fields.

This book consists of review articles by experts on recent developments in mechanical engineering sciences. The book has been composed to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of the Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. It includes articles on modern mechanical sciences subjects of advanced simulation techniques and molecular dynamics, microfluidics and microfluidic devices, energy systems, intelligent fabrication, microscale manufacturing, smart materials, computational techniques, robotics and their allied fields. It presents the upcoming and emerging areas in mechanical sciences which will help in formulation of new courses and updating existing curricula. This book will help the academicians and policy makers in the field of engineering education to chart out the desired path for the development of technical education.

Combustion technology has traditionally been dominated by air/fuel combustion. However, two developments have increased the significance of oxygen-enhanced combustion new technologies that produce oxygen less expensively and the increased importance of environmental regulations. Advantages of oxygen-enhanced combustion include less pollutant emissions as well as increased energy efficiency and productivity. Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion, Second Edition compiles information about using oxygen to enhance industrial heating and melting processes. It integrates fundamental principles, applications, and equipment design in one volume, making it a unique resource for specialists implementing the use of oxygen in combustion systems.

This second edition of the bestselling book has more than doubled in size. Extensively updated and expanded, it covers significant advances in the technology that have occurred since the publication of the first edition.

What s New in This Edition

• Expanded from 11 chapters to 30, with most of the existing chapters revised
• A broader view of oxygen-enhanced combustion, with more than 50 contributors from over 20 organizations around the world
• More coverage of fundamentals, including fluid flow, heat transfer, noise, flame impingement, CFD modeling, soot formation, burner design, and burner testing
• New chapters on applications such as flameless combustion, steel reheating, iron production, cement production, power generation, fluidized bed combustion, chemicals and petrochemicals, and diesel engines

This book offers a unified, up-to-date look at important commercialized uses of oxygen-enhanced combustion in a wide range of industries. It brings together the latest knowledge to assist those researching, engineering, and implementing combustion in power plants, engines, and other applications."

Fatigue is probabilistic in nature and involves a complex spectrum of loading history with variable amplitudes and frequencies. Yet most available fatigue failure prediction methods are empirical and concentrate on very specific types of loading. Taking a different approach, Introduction to Thermodynamics of Mechanical Fatigue examines the treatment of fatigue via the principles of thermodynamics. It starts from the premise that fatigue is a dissipative process and must obey the laws of thermodynamics. In general, it can be hypothesized that mechanical degradation is a consequence of irreversible thermodynamic processes. This suggests that entropy generation offers a natural measure of degradation. An Entropic Approach to Fatigue and Degradation Drawing on recent cutting-edge research and development, the authors present a unified entropic approach to problems involving fatigue. They introduce the fundamentals of fatigue processes and explore a wide range of practical engineering applications. Fundamental Concepts and Methodologies The book reviews commonly observed failure modes, discusses how to analyze fatigue problems, and examines the deformation characteristics of a solid material subjected to fatigue loading. It also looks at how to use thermodynamics to determine the onset of fatigue failure. In addition, the book presents methodologies for improving fatigue life and for accelerated fatigue testing. Learn How to Apply the Entropic Approach to Fatigue Problems Comprehensive and well organized, this work helps readers apply powerful thermodynamics concepts to effectively treat fatigue problems at the design stage. It offers an accessible introduction to a new and exciting area of research in the field of fatigue failure analysis.

"Thermo-Fluid Behaviour of Periodic Cellular Metals" introduces the study of coupled thermo-fluid behaviour of cellular metals with periodic structure in response to thermal loads, which is an interdisciplinary research area that requires a concurrent-engineering approach. The book, for the first time, systematically adopts experimental, numerical, and analytical approaches, presents the fluid flow and heat transfer in periodic cellular metals under forced convection conditions, aiming to establish structure-property relationships for tailoring material structures to achieve properties and performance levels that are customized for defined multifunctional applications. The book, as a textbook and reference book, is intended for both academic and industrial people, including graduate students, researchers and engineers.

Dr. Tian Jian Lu is a professor at the School of Aerospace, Xi an Jiaotong University, Xi an, China. Dr. Feng Xu is a professor at the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi an Jiaotong University. Dr. Ting Wen is now an engineer at Shell Global Solutions Inc. Dr. Lu and Dr. Xu are also affiliated with Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi an Jiaotong University."

This is a book about thermodynamics, not history, but it adopts a semi-historical approach in order to highlight different approaches to entropy. The book does not follow a rigid temporal order of events, nor it is meant to be comprehensive. It includes solved examples for a solid understanding. The division into chapters under the names of key players in the development of the field is not intended to separate these individual contributions entirely, but to highlight their different approaches to entropy. This structure helps to provide a different view-point from other text-books on entropy.

This volume describes physical, formal mathematical and exterior (morpho-structural) manifestations of wave dynamics of the Earth, defining both its deep structural image, and the external shape of planet. In addition to the standard imagination about waves in the geological environment as short-term seismological and seismic effects, wave dynamics of the Earth are considered as long-time process, comparable to the geochronological scale. The book consists of a systematic description of the conformities discovered in the set of heterogeneous and different-order objects, which have space-related regularity and recurrence at the different levels of resolution of analysis of natural systems. For expert-geologist it includes the basis of the geodynamic wave-related concept which enables to add to the traditional concept of plate tectonics, as well as the methods of quantitative interpretation of measured geo-fields.

This book is the expanded edition of the first book entitled "Chemical Thermodynamics for Metals and Materials." This new version presents thermodynamics of materials with emphasis on the chemical approach, and is thus suitable for students in materials science and metallurgical engineering, as well as related fields such as chemical engineering and physical chemistry.