Advanced Thermodynamics for Engineers, Second Edition introduces the basic concepts of thermodynamics and applies them to a wide range of technologies. Authors Desmond Winterbone and Ali Turan also include a detailed study of combustion to show how the chemical energy in a fuel is converted into thermal energy and emissions; analyze fuel cells to give an understanding of the direct conversion of chemical energy to electrical power; and provide a study of property relationships to enable more sophisticated analyses to be made of irreversible thermodynamics, allowing for new ways of efficiently covering energy to power (e.g. solar energy, fuel cells). Worked examples are included in most of the chapters, followed by exercises with solutions. By developing thermodynamics from an explicitly equilibrium perspective and showing how all systems attempt to reach equilibrium (and the effects of these systems when they cannot), Advanced Thermodynamics for Engineers, Second Edition provides unparalleled insight into converting any form of energy into power. The theories and applications of this text are invaluable to students and professional engineers of all disciplines.

This successful book gives an introduction to the basics of aerothermodynamics, as applied in particular to winged re-entry vehicles and airbreathing hypersonic cruise and acceleration vehicles. The book gives a review of the issues of transport of momentum, energy and mass, real-gas effects as well as inviscid and viscous flow phenomena. In this second, revised edition the chapters with the classical topics of aerothermodynamics more or less were left untouched. The access to some single topics of practical interest was improved. Auxiliary chapters were put into an appendix. The recent successful flights of the X-43A and the X-51A indicate that the dawn of sustained airbreathing hypersonic flight now has arrived. This proves that the original approach of the book to put emphasis on viscous effects and the aerothermodynamics of radiation-cooled vehicle surfaces was timely. This second, revised edition even more accentuates these topics. A new, additional chapter treats examples of viscous thermal surface effects. Partly only very recently obtained experimental and numerical results show the complexity of such phenomena (dependence of boundary-layer stability, skin friction, boundary-layer thicknesses, and separation on the thermal state of the surface) and their importance for airbreathing hypersonic flight vehicles, but also for any other kind of hypersonic vehicle.

Discusses fundamental ideas for various modeling approaches for the macro- and micro-scale flow conditions in the reactor. Covers specific design considerations, such as natural convection and core reliability. Enables the reader to better understand the importance of safety considerations in thermal engineering and analysis of a modern nuclear plant. Features end-of-chapter problems. Includes a Solutions Manual for adopting instructors.

This book highlights the design of a new type of solar chimney that has lower height and bigger diameter, and discusses its applications. The bigger diameter chimneys are introduced showing cold inflow phenomena that significantly reduced the performance of solar chimney. The cold inflow-free operation of solar chimneys restores the draft losses and enhances the performance of the solar chimneys. Numerical and experimental investigation results will be presented to highlight the performance of cold inflow-free solar chimney performance. In addition, this book covers the important basic design parameters that affect the design of solar chimney for different applications, mainly, solar chimney-assisted ventilation for passive cooling and power generation system.

This book provides valuable information about fiber-reinforced polymer composites, with emphasis in the process of water absorption by experiments and simulation. In this monograph, we present and discuss emerging topics related to fundamentals, engineering applications, advanced mathematical modeling applied to Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion processes, analytical and computational procedures and experiments on water absorption of polymer composites reinforced by vegetable fibers. The book serves as a comprehensive learning tool for engineers, professionals, and researchers involved in this advanced interdisciplinary field, and as a reference work for both undergraduate and graduate courses.

This monograph disentangles the law of motive force, a fundamental law of nature that can be accommodated as an addition to the existing laws of thermodynamics. This unmistakable and remarkable tendency of nature is equally applicable to all other branches of studies. The law of motive force was discovered in 1989 by the author of this book, Professor Pramanick, who reports here various applications of the law in the area ofthermodynamics, heat transfer, fluid mechanics and solid mechanics and shows how, by applying the law of motive force, it is possible to solve analytically century old unsolved problems. This book offers a comprehensive account of the law of motive force and its relation to other laws and principles such as the generalized conservation principle, variational formulation, Fermat s principle, Bejan s constructal law, entropy generation minimization, Bejan s method of intersecting asymptotes and equipartition principle. Furthermore, the author addresses here some interrelated fundamental problems of contemporary interest, especially to thermodynamicists and provides exact solutions to these problems, by combining analytical methods, physical reasoning and the proposed law of motive force. This book is a must-read for both students and researchers in exact as well as non-exact sciences and at the same time, a pleasant learning experience for any novice.

The first chapter proposes the law of motive force and establishes its relation to the other laws and principles such as the generalized conservation principle, variational formulation, Fermat s principle, Bejan s constructal law, entropy generation minimization, Bejan s method of intersecting asymptotes and equipartition principle. The second chapter presents Schmidt s intuitive criterion for fin design by employing the law of motive force alone. The third chapter provides an elegant solution to a classically unsolved fundamental issue of thermal science, the generalization of Pohlhausen s problem of heat transfer from a flat plate, by applying the law of motive force. The fourth chapter is a theoretical excursus of hydraulic jump for the first time deploying the law of motive force. The fifth chapter inculcates the law of motive force to establish the dendritic structure of nature with reference to a thermoelectric device. In the light of law of motive force the sixth and last chapter finally integrates finite-time thermodynamics with Bejan s constructal law.

The work covers both theoretical and practical aspects of thermal contact conductance. The theoretical discussion focuses on heat transfer through spots, joints, and surfaces, as well as the role of interstitial materials (both planned and inadvertent). The practical discussion includes formulae and data that can be used in designing heat-transfer equipment for a variety of joints, including special geometries and configurations. All of the material has been updated to reflect the latest advances in the field.

1 Explores the foundation of continuum mechanics 2 Establishes the tensorial nature of strain measures and influence of rotation of frames on various measures 3 Illustrates the physical meaning of the components of strains. 4 Provides the definitions and measures of stress 5 Prepares graduate students for fundamental and basic research work in engineering and sciences

Most conventional dryers use random heating to dry diverse materials without considering their thermal sensitivity and energy requirements for drying. Eventually, excess energy consumption is necessary to attain a low-quality dried product. Proper heat and mass transfer modelling prior to designing a drying system for selected food materials can overcome these problems. Heat and Mass Transfer Modelling During Drying: Empirical to Multiscale Approaches extensively discusses the issue of predicting energy consumption in terms of heat and mass transfer simulation. A comprehensive mathematical model can help provide proper insight into the underlying transport phenomena within the materials during drying. However, drying of porous materials such as food is one of the most complex problems in the engineering field that is also multiscale in nature. From the modelling perspective, heat and mass transfer phenomena can be predicted using empirical to multiscale modelling. However, multiscale simulation methods can provide a comprehensive understanding of the physics of drying food materials. KEY FEATURES Includes a detailed discussion on material properties that are relevant for drying phenomena Presents an in-depth discussion on the underlying physics of drying using conceptual visual content Provides appropriate formulation of mathematical modelling from empirical to multiscale approaches Offers numerical solution approaches to mathematical models Presents possible challenges of different modelling strategies and potential solutions The objective of this book is to discuss the implementation of different modelling techniques ranging from empirical to multiscale in order to understand heat and mass transfer phenomena that take place during drying of porous materials including foods, pharmaceutical products, paper, leather materials, and more.

Discusses advances in the computation of phase diagrams Offers expanded treatment of eutectic solidification with practical examples and new coverage of ternary phase diagrams, covering the concepts of orthoequilibrium and paraequilibrium Updates discussion of bainite transformation to reflect current opinions Includes new case studies covering grain refiners in aluminium alloys, additive manufacturing, thin film growth, important aerospace Al-Li alloys, and quenched and partitioned steels, and metastable austenitic stainless steels. Each chapter now begins with a list of key concepts, includes simpler illustrative exercises with relevance to real practical applications, and references to scientific publications updated to reflect experimental and computational advances in metallurgy

The current book, Advanced Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer is based on author's four decades of industrial and academic research in the area of thermofluid sciences including fluid mechanics, aero-thermodynamics, heat transfer and their applications to engineering systems. Fluid mechanics and heat transfer are inextricably intertwined and both are two integral parts of one physical discipline. No problem from fluid mechanics that requires the calculation of the temperature can be solved using the system of Navier-Stokes and continuity equations only. Conversely, no heat transfer problem can be solved using the energy equation only without using the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations. The fact that there is no book treating this physical discipline as a unified subject in a single book that considers the need of the engineering and physics community, motivated the author to write this book. It is primarily aimed at students of engineering, physics and those practicing professionals who perform aero-thermo-heat transfer design tasks in the industry and would like to deepen their knowledge in this area. The contents of this new book covers the material required in Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer Graduate Core Courses in the US universities. It also covers the major parts of the Ph.D-level elective courses Advanced Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer that the author has been teaching at Texas A&M University for the past three decades.

Non-thermal operations in food processing are an alternative to thermal operations and similarly aimed at retaining the quality and organoleptic properties of food products. This volume covers different non-thermal processing technologies such as high-pressure processing, ultrasound, ohmic heating, pulse electric field, pulse light, membrane processing, cryogenic freezing, nanofiltration, and cold plasma processing technologies. The book focuses both on fundamentals and on recent advances in non-thermal food processing technologies. It also provides information with the description and results of research into new emerging technologies for both the academy and industry. Key features: Presents engineering focus on non-thermal food processing technologies. Discusses sub-classification for recent trends and relevant industry information/examples. Different current research-oriented results are included as a key parameter. Covers high-pressure processing, pulse electric field, pulse light technology, irradiation, and ultrasonic techniques. Includes mathematical modeling and numerical simulations. Food Processing: Advances in Non-Thermal Technologies is aimed at graduate students, professionals in food engineering, food technology, and biological systems engineering.

This book deals with the basic principles and techniques of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. The importance of this subject is growing rapidly in view of the advances being made, both experimentally and theoretically, in statistical physics, chemical physics, biological physics, complex systems and several other areas. The presentation of topics is quite self-contained, and the choice of topics enables the student to form a coherent picture of the subject. The approach is unique in that classical mechanical formulation takes center stage. The book is of particular interest to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in engineering departments.

The term transport phenomena is used to describe processes in which mass, momentum, energy and entropy move about in matter. Advances in Transport Phenomena provide state-of-the-art expositions of major advances by theoretical, numerical and experimental studies from a molecular, microscopic, mesoscopic, macroscopic or megascopic point of view across the spectrum of transport p- nomena, from scientific enquiries to practical applications. The annual review series intends to fill the information gap between regularly published journals and university-level textbooks by providing in-depth review articles over a broader scope than in journals. The authoritative articles, contributed by international- leading scientists and practitioners, establish the state of the art, disseminate the latest research discoveries, serve as a central source of reference for fundamentals and applications of transport phenomena, and provide potential textbooks to senior undergraduate and graduate students. The series covers mass transfer, fluid mechanics, heat transfer and thermo- namics. The 2009 volume contains the four articles on biomedical, environmental and nanoscale transports. The editorial board expresses its appreciation to the c- tributing authors and reviewers who have maintained the standard associated with Advances in Transport Phenomena. We also would like to acknowledge the efforts of the staff at Springer who have made the professional and attractive pr- entation of the volume. Serial Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Professor L. Q. Wang The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; lqwang@hku. hk Editors Professor A. R. Balakrishnan Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Professor A.

This book features selected papers from the 11th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology (AOSFST 2018), held in Taipei, Taiwan. Covering the entire spectrum of fire safety science, it focuses on research on fires, explosions, combustion science, heat transfer, fluid dynamics, risk analysis and structural engineering, as well as other topics. Presenting advanced scientific insights, the book introduces and advances new ideas in all areas of fire safety science. As such it is a valuable resource for academic researchers, fire safety engineers, and regulators of fire, construction and safety authorities. Further it provides new ideas for more efficient fire protection.

As concerns with the efficient use of energy resources, and the minimization of environmental damage have come to the fore, there has been a renewed interest in the role that thermoelectric devices could play in generating electricity from waste heat, enabling cooling via refrigerators with no moving parts, and many other more specialized applications. The main problem in realizing this ambition is the rather low efficiency of such devices for general applications. This book deals with the proceedings of a workshop addressed that problems by reviewing the latest experimental and theoretical work on suitable materials for device applications and by exploring various strategies that might increase their efficiency.

The proceedings cover a broad range of approaches, from the experimental work of fabricating new compounds through to theoretical work in characterizing and understanding their properties. The effects of strong electron correlation, disorder, the proximity to metal-insulator transitions, the properties of layered composite materials, and the introduction of voids or cages into the structure to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity are all explored as ways of enhancing the efficiency of their use in thermoelectric devices.

This book discusses heat transfer in underground energy systems. It covers a wide range of important and practical topics including the modeling and optimization of underground power cable systems, modeling of thermal energy storage systems utilizing waste heat from PV panels cooling. Modeling of PV pannels with cooling. While the performance of energy systems which utilize heat transfer in the ground is not yet fully understood, this book attempts to make sense of them. It provides mathematical modeling fundaments, as well as experimental investigation for underground energy systems. The book shows detailed examples, with solution procedures. The solutions are based on the Finite Element Method and the Finite Volume Method. The book allows the reader to perform a detailed design of various underground energy systems, as well as enables them to study the economic aspects and energy efficiency of underground energy systems. Therefore, this text is of interest to researchers, students, and lecturers alike.

In the present monograph, we develop the kinetic theory of transport phenomena and relaxation processes in the flows of reacting gas mixtures and discuss its applications to strongly non-equilibrium conditions. The main attention is focused on the influence of non-equilibrium kinetics on gas dynamics and transport properties. Closed systems of fluid dynamic equations are derived from the kinetic equations in different approaches. We consider the most accurate approach taking into account the state-to-state kinetics in a flow, as well as simplified multi-temperature and one-temperature models based on quasi-stationary distributions. Within these approaches, we propose the algorithms for the calculation of the transport coefficients and rate coefficients of chemical reactions and energy exchanges in non-equilibrium flows; the developed techniques are based on the fundamental kinetic theory principles. The theory is applied to the modeling of non-equilibrium flows behind strong shock waves, in the boundary layer, and in nozzles. The comparison of the results obtained within the frame of different approaches is presented, the advantages of the new state-to-state kinetic model are discussed, and the limits of validity for simplified models are established. The book can be interesting for scientists and graduate students working on physical gas dynamics, aerothermodynamics, heat and mass transfer, non-equilibrium physical-chemical kinetics, and kinetic theory of gases.

This book focuses on latent heat storage, which is one of the most efficient ways of storing thermal energy. Unlike the sensible heat storage method, the latent heat storage method provides much higher storage density with a smaller difference between storing and releasing temperatures. Thermal Energy Storage with Phase Change Materials is structured into four chapters that cover many aspects of thermal energy storage and their practical applications. Chapter 1 reviews selection, performance, and applications of phase change materials. Chapter 2 investigates mathematical analyses of phase change processes. Chapters 3 and 4 present passive and active applications for energy saving, peak load shifting, and price-based control heating using phase change materials. These chapters explore the hot topic of energy saving in an overarching way, and so they are relevant to all courses. This book is an ideal research reference for students at the postgraduate level. It also serves as a useful reference for electrical, mechanical, and chemical engineers and students throughout their work. FEATURES Explains the technical principles of thermal energy storage, including materials and applications in different classifications Provides fundamental calculations of heat transfer with phase change Discusses the benefits and limitations of different types of phase change materials (PCM) in both micro- and macroencapsulations Reviews the mechanisms and applications of available thermal energy storage systems Introduces innovative solutions in hot and cold storage applications

The revised second edition of this practical book reviews the fundamentals of cryogenic liquid behaviour in small and large scale storage systems. The text is based on research findings on the convective and evaporative behaviour of cryogenic fluids, aimed at improving the design, construction and operation of low-loss cryogenic liquid storage systems, with a view to minimising cost and improving operational safety. Since the first edition was published in 2006, the breadth of cryogenic applications and the modelling of cryogenic fluid dynamics (CFD) have expanded in several directions. In this second edition, most chapters have been extended to introduce discussions of these new applications and their safety and energy economy. These include advances in the modelling of CFD required in, for example, the design of miniature cryocoolers and condensers and reboilers, large-scale cryogenic liquid mixture properties and their stability, and the understanding that hazards and safety problems in the public domain increase with the scaling up of cryogenic systems. With helpful summaries at the end of each chapter, the book is an essential reference for anyone working on the design and operation of cryogenic liquid storage and transportation systems.

Considered as particularly difficult by generations of students and engineers, thermodynamics applied to energy systems can now be taught with an original instruction method. Energy Systems applies a completely different approach to the calculation, application and theory of multiple energy conversion technologies. It aims to create the reader's foundation for understanding and applying the design principles to all kinds of energy cycles, including renewable energy. Proven to be simpler and more reflective than existing methods, it deals with energy system modeling, instead of the thermodynamic foundations, as the primary objective. Although its style is drastically different from other textbooks, no concession is made to coverage: with encouraging pace, the complete range from basic thermodynamics to the most advanced energy systems is addressed. The accompanying Thermoptim (TM) portal (http://thermoptim.org) presents the software and manuals (in English and French) to solve over 200 examples, and programming and design tools for exercises of all levels of complexity. The portal explains to the user how to build appropriate models to bridge the technological reality with the theoretical basis of energy engineering. Offering quick overviews through e-learning modules moreover, the portal is user-friendly and enables users to quickly improve their proficiency. Students can freely download the Thermoptim modeling software demo version (available in seven languages), and extended options are available to lecturers. A professional edition is also available and has been adopted by many companies and research institutes worldwide (www.s4e2.com). This volume is intended as a textbook for courses in applied thermodynamics, energy systems, energy conversion and thermal engineering taken by senior undergraduate and graduate-level students in mechanical, energy, chemical and petroleum engineering. Students should already have taken a first-year course in thermodynamics. The refreshing approach and exceptionally rich coverage make it a great reference tool for researchers and professionals as well.

An Introduction to Compressible Flow, Second Edition covers the material typical of a single-semester course in compressible flow. The book begins with a brief review of thermodynamics and control volume fluid dynamics, then proceeds to cover isentropic flow, normal shock waves, shock tubes, oblique shock waves, Prandtl-Meyer expansion fans, Fanno-line flow, Rayleigh-line flow, and conical shock waves. The book includes a chapter on linearized flow following chapters on oblique shocks and Prandtl-Meyer flows to appropriately ground students in this approximate method. It includes detailed appendices to support problem solutions and covers new oblique shock tables, which allow for quick and accurate solutions of flows with concave corners. The book is intended for senior undergraduate engineering students studying thermal-fluids and practicing engineers in the areas of aerospace or energy conversion. This book is also useful in providing supplemental coverage of compressible flow material in gas turbine and aerodynamics courses.

Underground thermal energy storage (UTES) provide us with a flexible tool to combat global warming through conserving energy while utilizing natural renewable energy resources. Primarily, they act as a buffer to balance fluctuations in supply and demand of low temperature thermal energy. "Underground Thermal Energy Storage "provides an comprehensive introduction to the extensively-used energy storage method.

"Underground Thermal Energy Storage" gives a general overview of UTES from basic concepts and classifications to operation regimes. As well as discussing general procedures for design and construction, thermo-hydro geological modeling of UTES systems is explained. Finally, current real life data and statistics are include to summarize major global developments in UTES over the past decades.

The concise style and thorough coverage makes "Underground Thermal Energy Storage" a solid introduction for students, engineers and geologists alike.

"

In food processing, thermal operations are the most common and conventional methods for obtaining and treating different products. This book covers basics and advances in thermal processing of food. These include drying processes, evaporation, blanching, deep fat frying, crystallization, extraction, and ohmic heating, in terms of food engineering and process design aspect. It further describes theoretical aspects, the basics of rate kinetics, and their application for the analysis of food quality indices including practical-oriented issues related to food technology. Traditional and new extraction techniques are also covered. Key features: Presents engineering focus on thermal food processing technologies. Discusses sub-classification for recent trends and relevant industry information/examples. Different current research-oriented results are included as a key parameter. Covers advances in drying, evaporation, blanching, crystallization, and ohmic heating. Includes mathematical modeling and numerical simulations. Food Processing: Advances in Thermal Technologies is aimed at graduate students and professionals in food engineering, food technology, and biological systems engineering

Successfully Estimate the Thermal and Mechanical Characteristics of Electronics Systems A definitive guide for practitioners new to the field or requiring a refresher course, Practical Guide to the Packaging of Electronics: Thermal and Mechanical Design and Analysis, Third Edition provides an understanding of system failures and helps identify the areas where they can occur. Specifically designed for the mechanical, electrical, or quality engineer, the book addresses engineering issues involved in electronics packaging and provides the basics needed to design a new system or troubleshoot a current one. Updated to reflect recent developments in the field, this latest edition adds two new chapters on acoustic and reliability fundamentals, and contains more information on electrical failures and causes. It also includes tools for understanding heat transfer, shock, and vibration. Additionally, the author: Addresses various cross-discipline issues in the design of electromechanical products Provides a solid foundation for heat transfer, vibration, and life expectancy calculations Identifies reliability issues and concerns Develops the ability to conduct a more thorough analysis for the final design Includes design tips and guidelines for each aspect of electronics packaging Practical Guide to the Packaging of Electronics: Thermal and Mechanical Design and Analysis, Third Edition explains the mechanical and thermal/fluid aspects of electronic product design and offers a basic understanding of electronics packaging design issues. Defining the material in-depth, it also describes system design guidelines and identifies reliability concerns for practitioners in mechanical, - electrical or quality engineering.