Two of the most interesting conceptual turns in Richard E. Snow's thinking called for: a broadening of the concept of aptitude to include not only cognitive processes, but also affective and cognative processes as essential for understanding academic performance and learning; and an exploration of the possibility that individual differences in learning and achievement emerge from dynamic person-situation transactions that unfold over time. The articles in this special issue address these "big ideas" through the lens of a study of high school students' achievement in science.

This new volume is the first to focus entirely on automated essay scoring and evaluation. It is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution and state-of-the-art of automated essay scoring and evaluation technology across several disciplines, including education, testing and measurement, cognitive science, computer science, and computational linguistics.
The development of this technology has led to many questions and concerns. "Automated Essay Scoring" attempts to address some of these questions including:
*How can automated scoring and evaluation supplement classroom instruction?
*How does the technology actually work?
*Can it improve students' writing?
*How reliable is the technology?
*How can these computing methods be used to develop evaluation tools?
*What are the state-of the-art essay evaluation technologies and automated scoring systems?
Divided into four parts, the first part reviews the teaching of writing and how computers can contribute to it. Part II analyzes actual automated essay scorers including "e-raterTM, Intellimetric," and the " Intelligent Essay Assessor." The third part analyzes related psychometric issues, and the final part reviews innovations in the field.
This book is ideal for researchers and advanced students interested in automated essay scoring from the fields of testing and measurement, education, cognitive science, language, and computational linguistics.

This special issue was motivated by the move from research to operations for computerized delivery and scoring of complex constructed response items. The four papers presented provide an overview of the state of the art for such applications. The issue begins by describing the range of computer delivered formats and computerized scoring systems that are currently in use. The remaining papers provide three views of validity in the context of computer delivered and scoring assessments. It is hoped that together, these articles will provide the reader with both an appreciation of the state of the art for computer-automated scoring systems, as well as a perspective on the issues that must be considered and the evidence that must be collected to produce automated scoring systems that allow for valid inference.

Present Successes and Future Challenges in Honors Education is the first volume in an edited series examining the proliferation of honors programs and colleges in American higher education. While honors education has become ubiquitous in American higher education, this transformation has happened without systematic attempts to align what honors means across institutions, and absent a universally agreed upon definitions of what honors is and what it might aspire to be in the future. This generates possibility and flexibility, while also creating rather serious challenges. The contributors document the decades-long structural transformations that led to the rise of honors education while also providing perspective on the present and future challenges in honors education. The chapters address such issues as ensuring equity in honors, how we ought to think about student success and frame this for external stakeholders, and how the diffusion of honors-inspired pedagogies elsewhere in the university forces us to rethink our mission and our day-to-day practice. Throughout, their investigations are grounded in the present while turning a keen and perceptive eye to the future.

Originally published in 1972, there were many 'classics' dealing with assessment and testing on the market at the time, but most of these left the inexperienced reader bewildered in the early stages, because of their size and insufficient explanation of the many technical terms used. There were a distinct lack of books which gave students in Colleges of Education dealing with psychology for the first time a simple explanation of basic terms in assessment and testing, and which introduced them briefly to the different types of tests available. Assessment and Testing aimed to fill this large gap. It looks at such key psychological terms as 'sample', 'objectivity', 'subjectivity', and such basic statistical terms such as 'mean', 'standard deviation', and 'normal curve of distribution'. Because it assumes that the reader has no knowledge of such terms, it gives careful and simply illustrated explanations of each. In the same way, in simple language, with any technical terms explained and illustrated, it explains intelligence and personality tests, questionnaires, sociometric measures, projection techniques, and other areas of assessment and testing which every practising teacher will meet. The book aims to be essentially practical. It is appreciated all the time that the readers are those who will teach children. It is designed to provide a solid foundation upon which the reader can build later to augment his own experience of identifying children's particular needs.

There has been much debate on the purposes and methods of assessment over the last couple of years. This book gathers together the latest thinking and looks at how assessment can be used to promote or inhibit learning. Issues discussed include how assessment can erode self-esteem and motivation, how skills of reflection, self-evaluation and personal target setting can impact on learning, how far learners of all ages understand what they are required to learn, how far students are able to evaluate their own performance and what schools can do in the short, medium and long-term to promote more effective learning.
Part of the What's in it for Schools series, this book is ideal for teachers and other non-academics concerned with education who require a grounding in the issue to help them in their daily work.

There has been much debate on the purposes and methods of assessment over the last couple of years. This book gathers together the latest thinking and looks at how assessment can be used to promote or inhibit learning. Issues discussed include how assessment can erode self-esteem and motivation, how skills of reflection, self-evaluation and personal target setting can impact on learning, how far learners of all ages understand what they are required to learn, how far students are able to evaluate their own performance and what schools can do in the short, medium and long-term to promote more effective learning.
Part of the What's in it for Schools series, this book is ideal for teachers and other non-academics concerned with education who require a grounding in the issue to help them in their daily work.

First-Generation College Student Research Studies displays a group of dynamic scholars from a variety of institutions across the United States. This extraordinary edited volume highlights the first generation college student population and examines topics of discussion such as; college choice, social experiences, dual credit on academic success, life styles and health status, and professional identity/teaching practices. The collection of empirical studies in this text contributes greatly to the research literature regarding the role that educational leaders have in educating first-generation college students.

Developmental Education is an approach to education in school that aims at promoting children's cultural development and their abilities to participate autonomously and well-informed in the cultural practices of their community. From the point of view of Cultural-historical Activity theory (CHAT), a play-based curriculum has been developed over the past decades for primary school, which presents activity contexts for pupils in the classroom that create learning and teaching opportunities for helping pupils with appropriating cultural knowledge, skills, and moral understandings in meaningful ways. The approach is implemented in numerous Dutch primary schools classrooms with the explicit intention to support the learning of both pupils and teachers. The book focuses especially on education of young children (4 - 8 years old) in primary school and presents the underpinning concepts of this approach, and chapters on examples of good practices in a variety of subject matter areas, such as literacy (vocabulary acquisition, reading, writing), mathematics, and arts. Successful implementation of Developmental Education in the classroom strongly depends on dynamic assessment and continuous observations of young pupils' development. Strategies for implementation of both the teaching practices and assessment strategies are discussed in detail in the book.

Promoting Assessment as Learning sets out to re-examine the relationship between assessment and learning in the classroom. It argues that assessment is an important part of pupil learning, and needs to be understood by pupils in order to help them make judgements about their own progress.
This timely book explores the theories of learning and assessment within the context of national tests and also through the theme of self-assessment. It offers practical approaches to help teachers translate national policy into meaningful classroom practice, and suggests ways to help pupils develop their own assessment skills through a process of consolidation, reflection and revision.
This book will appeal to new and practising primary school teachers and headteachers and those on in-service courses. It will also be of interest to students on initial teacher training and higher degree courses.

eBook available with sample pages: PB:0415240077 EB:020347015X

Contents:
1. Using Portfolios for a Range of Purposes 2. Key Processes in Portfolio Development 3. Key Concepts in Portfolio Assessment 4. Problems and Pitfalls 5. A Case Study 6. Possibilities and Principles 7. Portfolios and Changes in Assessment

The fourth volume in this practical series deals with one of the ubiquitous HE & FE subjects. With a straightforward, authoritative and practice-based approach to this vast subject, this book will be important reading for educators seeking to develop their assessment practice. As with the other books in the series, the book will appeal to a wide range of HE professionals. It avoids being overly academic, instead using a fascinating case study format to detail a wide range of approaches to assessment. In addition to this unique approach, the book covers new assessment techniques, such as assessment by portfolio, peer assessment and computer-assisted assessment, all of which are high on the academic agenda. The case studies are international, focusing on the UK, Australia/New Zealand, and the United States.

This book, written by two nationally renowned scholars in the area of ethics in higher education, is intended to help teachers and administrators understand and handle problems of academic dishonesty. Chock-full of practical advice, the book is divided into three parts. Part I reviews the existing published literature about academic dishonesty among college and university students and how faculty members respond to the problem. Part II presents practical advice designed to help college and university instructors and administrators deal proactively and effectively with academic dishonesty. Part III considers the broader question of academic integrity as a system-wide issue within institutions of higher education.

This work provides guidance for special and mainstream schools in the assessment of pupils' learning from level P1 up to and including National Curriculum level 1A. It contains exemplification of the descriptions of attainment for reading, writing and the three strands of maths identified in "Planning, Teaching and Assessing the Currriculum for Pupils with Learning Difficulties" produced by the QCA.;The book: provides clarification of the performance criteria, through illustrative examples; supports accurate and consistent teacher assessment of pupils working at these levels; enables effective monitoring of attainment and progression, which will support the target setting process; demonstrates how assessments can be used to inform next steps in learning; includes examples from special and mainstream schools on reading, writing and mathematics; and contains photocopiable proformas.

Contributors to the volume represent an international "who's who" of research scientists from the fields of psychology and measurement. It offers the insights of these leading authorities regarding cognition and personality. In particular, they address the roles of constructs and values in clarifying the theoretical and empirical work in these fields, as well as their relation to educational assessment. It is intended for professionals and students in psychology and assessment, and almost anyone doing research in cognition and personality.

This volume brings together leading researchers in a major new effort to bridge the historical gap between the domains of ability and personality. The result is a remarkable collection of chapters analyzing critical issues at the interface--style, structure, process, and context. Contributors address:
* intelligence and its relation to temperament and character-hierarchical models of cognition and personality; judgmental data in personality research; and structural issues in ability and personality;
* intelligence and conation-goal theories; the role of conation in the learning environment; motivation and arousal;
* intelligence and style-stylistic preferences; the role of disposition; cognitive style and its measurement; test taking style; and
* intelligence and personality in context-regularities of functioning; contextual effects in cultural variation; control and consistency; the concept of "successful intelligence."

This specially commissioned collection of perspectives offers an analysis of the new organisation of the teaching profession - reconstructed around the notion of performance and the implications of a performance culture. The Performing School examines the roots, directions and implications of the new structure by drawing together insights from policy, research and practice at this time of rapid change and debate. This unique volume addresses three interconnected issues of modernisation and education:
*what is the background to and significance of performance management in modernising schools and teachers at the present time?
*what are the likely future effects of a performance culture on teaching, learning and schooling?
*what will it take to ensure that performance management improves pedagogy and professionality beyond the narrow confines of performativity, managerialism and market reform in education?

This specially commissioned collection of perspectives offers an analysis of the new organisation of the teaching profession - reconstructed around the notion of performance and the implications of a performance culture. The Performing School examines the roots, directions and implications of the new structure by drawing together insights from policy, research and practice at this time of rapid change and debate. This unique volume addresses three interconnected issues of modernisation and education:
*what is the background to and significance of performance management in modernising schools and teachers at the present time?
*what are the likely future effects of a performance culture on teaching, learning and schooling?
*what will it take to ensure that performance management improves pedagogy and professionality beyond the narrow confines of performativity, managerialism and market reform in education?

"Test Scoring" provides a summary of traditional true score test theory and modern item response theory related to scoring tests, as well as novel developments resulting from the integration of these approaches. The background material introduced in the first four chapters builds a foundation for the new developments covered in later chapters. These new methods offer alternative psychometric approaches to scoring complex assessments.
Each of the book's contributors draws from the classic literature of traditional test theory, as well as psychometric developments of the past decade. The emphasis is on large-scale educational measurement but the topics and procedures may be applied broadly within many measurement contexts.
Numerous graphs and illustrative examples based on real tests and actual data are integrated throughout. This multi-authored volume shows the reader how to combine the coded outcomes on individual test items into a numerical summary about the examinee's performance.
This book is intended for researchers and students in education and other social sciences interested in educational assessment and policy, the design and development of tests, and the procedures for test administration and scoring. Prerequisites include an introduction to educational and psychological measurement and basic statistics. Knowledge of differential and integral calculus and matrix algebra is helpful but not required.

This work sets out to help teachers assess pupils with profound and multiple learning difficulties, multisensory impairments and other complex needs in a relevant and meaningful way. It offers teachers structure, guidance and a holistic approach to assessment, target setting, planning, recording, attainment and pupil progress throughout his or her school life.;The book should enable teachers to prioritize areas for developing small-steps, skill-based learning objectives and it should help them to assist with ongoing assessment review.

This special issue is a case study of a recent legal challenge to a graduation test, "GI Forum v. Texas Education Agency." Its purpose is to provide updated, relevant information to the many statewide and district testing programs, measurement professionals, and policymakers currently involved with the implementation of new educational standards and tests. The GI Forum Court's decision provides a road map for creating legally defensible graduation tests, and by analogy, may also provide useful guidance for other high stakes uses of standardized achievement tests. The "GI Forum" case is an extension of the landmark Debra P. v. Turlington case.

Girls are now out-performing boys at GCSE level, giving rise to a debate in the media on boys' underachievement. However, often such work has been a 'knee-jerk' response, led by media, not based on solid research. Boys, Girls and Achievement - Addressing the Classroom Issues fills that gap and:
*provides a critical overview of the current debate on achievement;
*Focuses on interviews with young people and classroom observations to examine how boys and girls see themselves as learners;
*analyses the strategies teachers can use to improve the educational achievements of both boys and girls.
Becky Francis provides teachers with a thorough analysis of the various ways in which secondary school pupils construct their gender identities in the classroom. The book also discusses methods by teachers might use challenge these gender constructions in the classroom and thereby address the 'gender-gap' in achievement.

Who's the New Kid in Chemistry? offers an unprecedented look at student engagement and teacher best practices through the eyes of an educational researcher enrolled as a public high school student. Over the course of seventy-nine consecutive days, John D. Butler participates in and observes Rhode Island 2013 Teacher of the Year Jessica M. Waters's high school chemistry class, documenting his experiences as they unfold. Who's the New Kid in Chemistry? is a compelling example of what can be accomplished when an educational researcher and teacher collaborate in the classroom. This work includes a discussion on flexible homework assignments, data-driven instruction, and thirty teacher best practices. This book is an invaluable resource for teachers across all content areas, masters and doctoral research method classes, and future Teachers of the Year.

This book goes back to the basic purpose of assessment - to show teachers what your students know and are able to do. The 22 activities in this book will help your students become active, engaged, responsible, and caring learners. This how to book is filled with activities which will enable you to: - keep your students active and engaged
- facilitate cooperative group projects without losing control
- raise academic achievement
- apply multiple intelligences in your classroom
- teach your students how to thinkThese strategies all involve student reflection through- writing
- discussion
- drawing
- investigating
- record keeping
- and other activities.