Who holds the power in financial markets? For many, the answer would probably be the large investment banks, big asset managers, and hedge funds that are often in the media's spotlight. But more and more a new group of sovereign investors, which includes some of the world's largest sovereign wealth funds, government pension funds, central bank reserve funds, state-owned enterprises, and other sovereign capital-enabled entities, have emerged to become the most influential capital markets players and investment firms, with $30 trillion in assets under management ("super asset owners"). Their ample resources, preference for lower profile, passive investing, their long-time horizon and adherence to sustainability as well as their need to diversify globally and by sector have helped to transform the investment world and, in particular, private markets for digital companies. They have helped create and sustain an environment that has fostered the rise of the likes of Uber, Alibaba, Spotify and other transformative players in the digital economy, while providing their founders and business models the benefit of long-term capital. Despite this increasingly important impact, sovereign investors remain mostly unknown, often maintaining a low profile in global markets. For the same reason, they're also among the most widely misunderstood, as many view investments made by sovereign investors as purely driven by political aims. The general perception is that most sovereign investors lack transparency and have questionable governance controls, causing an investee nation to fear exposure to risks of unfair competition, data security, corruption, and non-financially or non-economically motivated investments. The current global tensions around the AI race and tech competition - and now the corona virus pandemic - have exacerbated such misperceptions, spawning controversies around sovereign investors and capital markets, governments, new technologies, cross-border investments, and related laws and regulations. As such, sovereign capital and the global digital economy are undergoing an unprecedented, contentious moment. In short, the emergence of sovereign funds symbolizes a major shift of the world's economic power. For the first time, investment funds from developing countries are playing with OECD financial giants as equals. Furthermore, their investments into high tech enable them to participate at the cutting-edge of the fourth industrial revolution, challenging traditional innovation powerhouses like the US and Germany. For all stakeholders, from tech unicorns, VC funds, asset managers, financial firms, to policymakers, law firms, academics, and the general public, this is the must-have book to get to know these new venture capitalists and "super asset owners".

The development of information technology in supply chains has shown that this digital revolution can be a source of performance for enterprises and governments. Among these technologies is blockchain. The application of blockchains in cryptocurrency reduces information security risks and eliminates several processing and transaction fees and allows countries with volatile currencies to have a more stable currency. Blockchain Applications in Cryptocurrency for Technological Evolution features a collection of contributions related to the application of blockchain technology in cryptocurrency. It further explains the ways in which these applications have affected the industry. Covering topics such as crypto mining attacks, data processing architecture, and purchase power, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for business leaders and executives, IT managers, logistics specialists, students and faculty of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

How have the most influential political economists of the past three centuries theorized about sovereign borrowing and shaped its now widespread use? This important question receives a comprehensive answer in this original work, featuring careful textual analysis and illuminating exhibits of public debt empirics since 1700. Beyond its value as a definitive, authoritative history of thought on public debt, this book rehabilitates and reintroduces a realist perspective into a contemporary debate now heavily dominated by pessimists and optimists alike. The book simultaneously explicates and critiques the most prominent theories concerning why states borrow in the first place, whether or not they borrow productively, the incidence of their debts, why they sometimes borrow too much and why they often default, whether explicitly or implicitly. The author classifies major public debt theorists as pessimists, optimists or realists. This book also examines the influence of regime types, especially why most modern welfare states tend not only to over-issue bonds but also to incur even larger implicit obligations via unfunded, off-balance sheet liabilities. Scholars and undergraduate and graduate students in economics and political science, as well as policymakers, will find this analysis of public debt and public spending insightful and revealing.

One of the most important activities of enterprises today is responsible entrepreneurship. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities can help to forge a stronger bond between employees and corporations, can boost morale, and can help both employees and employers feel more connected with the world around them. Moreover, the growing importance of this concept results from the fact that it is perceived as an effective tool for increasing competitiveness, improving the image of the company, or contributing to the generation of higher profits. In today's world, an active commitment to social responsibility is becoming more common for a company. CSR and Socially Responsible Investing Strategies in Transitioning and Emerging Economies is an essential reference source that identifies the scale and scope of implementation of CSR and socially responsible investing strategies and standards in companies operating in different transitioning and emerging economies as well as assessing the global effects of these activities. Featuring research on topics such as economic growth, responsible investing, and business ethics, this book is ideally designed for managers, executives, directors, corporate professionals, government officials, industry leaders, academicians, students, and researchers in the fields of international economics, international business, marketing, finance management, and public relations.

A Great Leap Forward: Heterodox Economic Policy for the 21st Century investigates economic policy from a heterodox and progressive perspective. Author Randall Wray uses relatively short chapters arranged around several macroeconomic policy themes to present an integrated survey of progressive policy on topics of interest today that are likely to remain topics of interest for many years.

For courses in financial and managerial accounting. Horngren's Financial and Managerial Accounting, The Managerial Chapters presents the core content of principles of accounting courses in a fresh format designed to help today's learners succeed. As teachers first, the author team knows the importance of delivering a student experience free of obstacles. Their pedagogy and content uses leading methods in teaching students critical foundational and emerging topics (e.g., data analytics and employability skills) in the field of accounting, and concentrates on improving student results - all tested in class by the authors themselves. With this in mind, the 7th Edition continues to focus on readability and student comprehension and takes this a step further by employing a new theme to help students see how accounting is used as a tool to help businesses make decisions. By providing more meaningful learning tools, this title gives professors the resources needed to help students clear hurdles inside and outside of the classroom, like never before. Features Chapter Openers present relatable stories that set up the concepts to be covered in the chapter. Students then learn the implications of those concepts on a company's reporting and decision-making processes. Common Questions, Answered is rooted in the authors' teaching experiences over the years, and offers additional help with patterns and rules that consistently confuse students. Located in the text's margin next to where the answer or clarification can be found, they help students better understand difficult concepts. Instructor Tips & Tricks throughout the text mimic the experience of having an experienced teacher walk a student through concepts on the board. Many include mnemonic devices or examples to help students remember the rules of accounting. Effects on the Accounting Equation illustrations help students see connections between transactions, as well as how transactions fit into the bigger picture. Located next to every journal entry, they reinforce the connections between recording a transaction and the effect those transactions have on the accounting equation. Try It! boxes found after each learning objective and at the end of the chapter give students the opportunity to apply the concepts they've just learned by completing an accounting problem. Things You Should Know provide students with a brief review of each learning objective presented in a question and answer format, helping to prepare them for exams. Decisions Boxes highlight common questions that business owners face, prompting students to determine the course of action they would take based on concepts covered in the chapter. Comprehensive Problems, located in select interrelated chapters, help students make connections between topics. Chapters 1-5 discusses fundamental managerial accounting concepts: job ordering, process costing, cost management systems, and cost-volume-profit analysis. Chapters 7-9 explores planning and control decisions for a manufacturing company, including a master budget, flexible budget, variance analysis, and performance evaluation. Chapters 10-11 reviews decision making, both short-term business decisions and capital budgeting decisions New to this edition Data and research, including any years and numbers as they relate to real companies (such as Kohl's and Target), ensures students have relevant examples to help them engage with the course. Discussions of important concepts and calculations help students to better understand the material. They include: Chapter 1 'Introduction to Managerial Accounting' offers updated info on the IMA Statement of Ethical Professional Practices to reflect changes made by IMA on July 1, 2017. Chapter 2 'Job Order Costing' has a new Learning Objective for calculating Cost of Goods Manufactured and Cost of Goods Sold for easier teaching, learning, and assessment activities. Chapter 8 'Flexible Budgets and Standard Cost Systems' includes updated direct materials calculations (i.e., cost vs. efficiency variance), so that inputs do not equal outputs. Employability coverage throughout the text looks at professional certifications that management accountants can obtain, such as Certified Management Accountant (CMA) and Chartered Global Management Accountant (CGMA), and highlights the importance of these credentials in today's job market. Data Analytics in Accounting features highlight real companies that are now using data analytics to track inventory, monitor cash flow, forecast sales, and maximise profits. Also discussed are advances in technology, including robotic process automation and artificial intelligence, and how they relate to the work management accountants perform. Key Terms focus on the concepts central to students' learning, including Lean Management System, Relevant and Irrelevant Revenue, and more. Check Your Understanding boxes let students gauge their comprehension of the material and have been updated to include new accounts introduced under the Revenue Recognition Standard. Tying It All Together boxes tie together key concepts from the chapter using the company highlighted in the chapter opener. The in-chapter box presents scenarios and questions that the company could face and focuses on the decision-making process. The end-of-chapter business case helps students synthesise the concepts of the chapter and reinforce critical thinking. Updates to the 7th edition includes discussion of how companies are using zero-based budgeting (chapter 7). End-of-chapter problems and exercises help students build skills to analyse and interpret information and apply reasoning and logic to new or unfamiliar ideas and situations. Updates include: an exercise on the triple bottom line (chapter 1). an exercise on completing job cost sheets (chapter 2). updated labor costs to $10 per hour (chapter 8).

This book presents a general theory of the economics of prosperity. Drawing upon both historic and contemporary Austrian economic thinking, it looks beyond merely identifying various isolated causes of economic growth and development to describe and explain the process of economic progress. It brings together various economic principles related to production, exchange, the market division of labor, capital, technology, entrepreneurship, and economic calculation, and a further understanding of how different institutional settings and specific policies all affect the process of economic progress. It also provides a helpful critique of modern growth theory. The author argues that economic prosperity is not monocausal. It is the happy consequence of a highly developed division of labor, taking advantage of an expanding capital structure, embodied in technically advanced capital goods, all wisely invested by entrepreneurs. All these sources of prosperity require the social institutions of private property and sound money to function well together, facilitating economic progress and human civilization. The Economics of Prosperity provides a comprehensive explanation of the myriad of factors influencing economic growth and development for scholars, policy makers and economists.

Tax compliance issues enjoy an unprecedented degree of public attention today and are of great importance to governments and policymaking. This research review provides an overview of some of the most significant contributions to the economic analysis of tax avoidance and evasion and also sheds light on broader questions of social organization, behaviour, and compliance with the law. This research review provides researchers and students with a guide to the fundamental intellectual developments that have shaped the economic understanding of tax avoidance and evasion, along with a framework for placing these contributions in their intellectual context.

In The Roots of Western Finance: Power, Ethics, and Social Capital in the Ancient World, Thomas K. Park and James B. Greenberg take an anthropological approach to credit. They suggest that financial activities occur in a complex milieu, in which specific parties, with particular motives, achieve their goals using a form of social, cultural, or economic agency. They examine the imbrication of finance and hidden interests in Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt, classical Greece and Rome, the early Judeo-Christian traditions, and the Islamic world to illuminate the ties between social, ethical, and financial institutions. This unique breadth of research provides new perspectives on Mesopotamian ways of incentivizing production through financial arrangements, the source of Egyptian surpluses, linguistics and usury, metrological influences on finance, and the enduring importance of honor and social capital. This book not only illustrates the particular cultural logics that drove these ancient economies, it also depicts how modern society's financial techniques, ethics, and concerns with justice are attributable to a rich multicultural history.